Perilous Question: Reform or Revolution? Britain on the Brink, 1832
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calms himself, 225
cheered in Commons, 226
praised in Ebrington’s Address to the King, 229
and Whig plans if faced with new administration, 232
encounter with Hardinge, 238
speaks about the intentions of the proposed new administration, 239
hears about Wellington’s decision not to form new administration, 241
comments on how to deal with press attacks on the King, 256–7
Haydon’s comment on, 261
depictions of, 262
spends time at Wiseton, 265–6
lifestyle after inheriting title, 275
Macaulay’s opinion of, 275
brief references, 16, 93, 149, 159, 165, 230, 259, 274
American War of Independence, 3
Anglesey, 1st Marquis of, 5, 59, 111
Anglican Church; see Church of England/Anglican Church
Anne, Queen, 185
Appleby, 126
Apsley House, 44, 48, 77, 113, 232
Arbuthnot, Charles, 34, 233
Arbuthnot, Harriet, 1, 4, 23, 44, 47, 99, 117, 149, 198
Arkwright, Richard, 229
Army, 170–1
Arnold, Dr Thomas, 264n
Ascot, 265, 273
Ashley, Lord (later 7th Earl of Shaftesbury), 160–1
Association movement, 10
Athenaeum, 55
Attwood, Thomas
respect for Grey, 22
founds Birmingham Political Union, 26
character, gifts and beliefs, 26–8
committed to non-violent protest, 27–8, 60, 92, 120, 137, 222
letter to Grey about proposed modification to Reform Bill, 124
addresses meeting at Newhall Hill in 1831, 143–4
Russell’s letter to, 153, 164
suggests military organization, 176, 177
at Newhall Hill in May 1832, 220, 223
sums up stark reality of the crisis, 237
meeting with Grey, 247
thanked by Grey, 247, 277–8
becomes Freeman of the City of London, 249
return journey to Birmingham, 249–50
subsequent career, 267
important role of, 277–8
brief references, 40, 43, 55, 133, 160, 171, 227, 258, 259, 264
Austen, Jane: Emma, 18
Avington House, 61
Bagehot, Walter, 15–16
Baines, Edward, senior, 74–5
Baines, Edward, junior, 75
Baring, Alexander, 239
Baring, Sir Thomas, 68
Barnes, Thomas, 4, 75–6, 99
Barrington, George, 58
Battle, 28
Bathurst, 3rd Earl, 149
Bathurst, Henry, Bishop or Norwich, 262
Beardsworth, John, 26
Beardsworth’s Repository, Birmingham, 26, 62
Beaumont, Thomas Wentworth, 18
Beckwith, Captain, 169
Bedford, Dukes of, 54, 89, 190
Bedingfield, Lady, 153–4
Belgium, 12, 40
Belvoir Castle, 13, 77, 172
Bentham, Jeremy, 101, 137, 159
Bessborough, Harriet Cavendish, Countess of, 21, 66
Birmingham, 18–19, 20, 26, 27, 124, 137, 171, 176, 177, 249, 271
meetings in, 62, 138, 143–4, 219–24
Birmingham (racehorse), 21
Birmingham Journal, 143, 224
Birmingham Political Union
founding of, 26
dinner to celebrate recent French Revolution, 26, 27–8
growing numbers in, 28
Blandford as honorary member of, 28, 267
petitions the King to dismiss his Ministers, 43
and the growth of unions, 60, 137
expresses confidence in William IV, 68
supports Reform Bill, 92–3, 98
active during 1831 election campaign, 120
holds dinner in honour of William’s coronation, 133
meeting at Newhall Hill in 1831, 143–4
petition to House of Lords, 144
letter from Russell to, 153, 164
National Political Union founded in direct imitation of, 160
and Bristol riots, 176
Attwood’s suggestion concerning military organization for, 176, 177
response to suggestion for national fasting, 208
meeting at Newhall Hill in May 1832, 219–24
Grey meets leaders of, 247
members elected to Parliament, 267
Black, John, 76
Blackfriars Bridge, London, 44
Blackstone, William: Commentaries on the Laws of England, 75
Blandford, 160
Blandford, Marquess of (later 6th Duke of Marlborough), 10, 11, 28, 33, 118–19, 186, 267
Bletchingley, 123
Blomfield, Bishop, 208
Blore, Edward, 194
Bodmin, 178
Bolingbroke, 1st Viscount: The Idea of a Patriot King, 8, 163–4
Bolton, 89
Boundary Bill, 265
Bouverie, General, 170–1
Bowood, 54
Bradford, 19
Brereton, Colonel, 168–9, 171, 222
Bright, John, 26, 271
Brighton, 71, 129, 190, 191, 195
Bristol, 139, 167–70, 176, 177, 181, 196, 200
Bristol Mercury, 243
Bromsgrove, 267
Bromsgrove Union, 221
Brooks’s Club, 54, 232
Brougham, Henry, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux
elected to Parliament in 1830, 20–1
earlier career, 35
appearance, 35
character and intelligence, 35–6
views about reform, 36–7
becomes Lord Chancellor, 5, 57
close relationship with Barnes, editor of The Times, 76, 99
and Tory response to Reform Bill, 86
disparaging remarks about fellow Cabinet members, 99
and William IV’s dissolution of Parliament, 107, 108, 110
presents petition to Lords, 144
speech in debate about Reform Bill, 147–9
in cartoons, 163, 225, 269
and creation of new peers, 187, 190, 251
hostile reference to royal ladies, 203
does not anticipate defeat in Lords, 219
asked by Attwood to present petition to Lords, 220
meeting with William IV, 224–5
at public house in Hounslow, 225
and possibility of continuing in office under new administration, 226, 230
and William IV’s decision not to attend Lords, 255
speaks at Guildhall Banquet, 260
Haydon’s description of, 261
popular depictions of, 262
later career, 266
brief references, 46, 47, 51, 58, 177, 259
Brydges, Sir John, 126
Buckingham, Duke of, 61, 263
Buckingham Palace, 44, 194, 276
Bulwer, Edward (later Lord Lytton), 121
Burdett, Sir Francis, 135–6, 184, 196
Burdett-Coutts, Angela, 135
Burke, Edmund, 80, 181
Bushy Park, 4, 6, 8
Butler, J.R.M. 41n
Butler, Samuel: Hudibras, 179
Byng, Captain the Hon. John (later Viscount Torrington), 18
Byron, Lord, 13, 22, 37, 60
Cabinet
composition of, 57–60, 99
resolution concerning response to civil disturbance, 61
remains united in spite of internal difficulties, 99
asks the King for dissolution, 107
discussions about creation of peers, 130, 184, 187–8, 190
discussions about possibility of moderating Reform Bill, 175
debate about date of next meeting of Parliament, 175
Durham attacks Grey during dinner, 175–6
discussions about Ireland, 189
William IV re
quests a formal minute from, 192
official minute concerning creation of peers is submitted to William, 193
Durham’s behaviour in meetings, 205–6
meeting on evening before Grey’s speech to Lords, 217–18
minutes submitted to the King after defeat of Bill in Lords, 224, 242
see also names of Cabinet members
Caledonian Mercury, 94
Calne, 82, 89, 182
Cambridge, Prince George of, 111, 129, 269
Cambridge University, 59, 64, 116, 123
Trinity College, 195–6
Campbell, 1st Baron, 149
Campbell, John, 84–5, 109, 198
Canning, George, 9, 181, 253
Canningites, 33, 58, 59, 130; see also names of individuals
Canterbury, 28, 37
Canterbury, William Howley, Archbishop of; see Howley, William, Archbishop of Canterbury
Carlile, Richard, 173
Carlisle, 61
Carlisle, 6th Earl of, 68
Carlton Club, 54
Carnarvon, 2nd Earl of, 146
Caroline, Queen, 9, 72, 76, 254–5
Carrington, 1st Baron, 111–12
Castlereagh, Viscount, 73, 118, 206
Catholic Emancipation, 9–10, 15, 17, 24, 45, 56, 81, 90, 103, 142, 186, 230, 231, 241, 271
Cavendish, Lady Georgiana, 68
Census
1821, 89
1831, 178–9
Chandos, Marquess of (later 2nd Duke of Buckingham), 90, 130
Chandos clause, 130
Chantrey, Francis: marble relief, 261–2
Charing Cross, 272
Charles I, King, 2, 113, 140, 182
Charles II, King, 73, 117
Charles X, King of France, 3, 11, 83, 95, 243
Charlotte, Queen, 3, 72, 106, 129, 134, 194
Charlotte, Princess, 6, 57
Chartist movement, 267
Churchill, Winston: A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, 273
Church of England/Anglican Church, 141–2, 147, 179
City, 44, 111, 130, 239
Clarence, William, Duke of; see William IV
Clarke, Mary Anne, 106
Cleveland, Marquess of, 139
Clutton, Thomas, 221–2
Cobbett, William
on the link between poverty and riots, 13
visit to Battle, 28
and Hansard, 32
on stamina and health needed by MPs, 33
addresses crowds at the Rotunda, 44
and Reform Bill, 87, 101, 179, 217
tried for encouraging sedition, 121
on public anger, 227
rejects idea of publicly funded galleries, 272
Cobden, Richard, 26
Cockburn, Henry, 59, 63
Coke, Thomas (later 1st Earl of Leicester of Holkham), 54, 190, 261–2, 273
Colwick, 152
Combe Florey, 17
Combination Acts, 137
Committee of Four, 62–7, 69, 76, 79
Commons, House of
system of representation, 15–20
conditions in, 30–3, 127
debate in November 1830, 46–7
Government defeated in a vote, 47–8
Althorp is leader of, 55, 58, 63
budget presented to, 76
Grey announces that Reform Bill will be presented in, 76
Reform Bill introduced by Russell, 77–80
reaction to Bill in, 80–2, 83–4
Peel mounts official attack of Tories in, 85, 86–7
debate on the Bill, 88–9, 95
vote on the Bill, 95–7
Hunt makes speech against the Bill, 100, 101
rumours in, 105
Althorp defeated on bill for supplies, 105
called to attend House of Lords for dissolution, 109
majority of members in favour of Reform, 122, 123
Second Reform Bill introduced, 123–4
Peel gives Opposition’s response to Bill, 124–5
debate and vote on Bill, 125
third reading and vote on Bill, 134
speeches after rejection of Bill in House of Lords, 156–7
Third Reform Bill presented in, 177–9
debate, 179–83
vote in favour of Bill, 183
debate over public expenditure on Buckingham Palace, 194
wrangling over Reform Bill continues, 194–5
Perceval’s speeches in, 198–200, 207
third reading of Bill passes in, 209
cheering for Althorp in, 226
Ebrington’s motion in, 229
fills up early on 14th May, 238
speeches, 239–40
and results of 1832 General Election, 268
remains large, 269
Peel’s speech about National Gallery, 272
Constable, John, 19
Conyngham, Elizabeth, Marchioness, 4, 134
Copley, John Singleton 56
Cornwall, 19
Court of Common Council, 111
Coutts, Sophia, 135
Coventry, 250
Coventry, Earl of, 210
Cowper, Earl, 69
Cowper, Emily Lamb, Countess, 51, 59, 160
Cowper, Minnie, 160–1
Cowper, William, 116
Creevey, Thomas
on Brougham’s wife, 36
on Grey, 40, 91, 99, 275
and Lady Grey’s reflections on marriage, 21
on Lady Lyndhurst, 56
on Queen Adelaide, 228, 255
on railways, 1
on Reform Bill, 84, 254–5
on the Tories, 251
on William IV, 202, 225, 227, 255
Croker, John Wilson
and Government defeat in House of Commons, 47–8
on the struggle between Whigs and Tories, 51
and the Athenaeum, 55
conversation with Palmerston, 59
and the press, 74, 75
speech during debate following the introduction of Reform Bill, 89
hears about conversation between William IV and Gloucester, 105
calculations about voting in new Parliament, 123
comment about Victoria, 133
comment on new Reform Bill, 179
battle with Macaulay, 182
attacked in Stanley’s speech, 182, 195
on cholera epidemic, 198
conversation with Peel, 230–1
brief references, 28, 94
Cromwell, Oliver, 16, 39, 135
Crown and Anchor Tavern, the Strand, 87–8, 158
Croxteth, 1
Cumberland, Ernest, Duke of, 6, 56, 90, 105, 117, 128, 132–3, 149, 152, 174, 227, 243, 264, 269
Czapski, Count Joseph Kazimierz, 223–4
Dalrymple, General, 2
Dartmouth, 1st Earl of, 185
Davies, Colonel, 46
Davies, Mr, 160
Dawson, George, 58
Derby, 105, 152, 162, 170, 171, 196
Derby Day 1832, 257
Devonshire, 6th Duke of, 50, 52, 105, 108, 128, 133, 246
Devonshire, Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of, 2, 21, 22, 28
Devonshire House, 52
Dickens, Charles, 2, 88, 261
‘The Devil’s Walk’, 169–70
Digby, Lord, 161
Dino, Duchess of, 59
Disraeli, Benjamin: Endymion, 48
Doncaster, 21
Dorchester, 160, 161
Dorset, civil disturbances in, 160–2, 174
Dover, 1st Baron, 243
Downton, 89
Doyle, John, 90, 91, 93, 112, 128, 163, 268–9
Drayton Manor, 171
Drummond, Henry, 198
Dryden, John, 115
Absalom and Achitophel, 149
Dublin University, 94
Dudley, 1st Earl of (later 4th Earl of Bessborough), 56, 146, 151, 230
Duncannon, Viscount, 51, 52, 62, 65–6, 194, 264
/> Dunwich, 19
Durham, 139
Durham, John George ‘Radical Jack’ Lambton, 1st Baron (later 1st Earl of Durham)
and 1826 Northumberland county election, 17–18
description of Graham, 34
and defeat of Tory Government, 48
and family connections among Whigs, 52
included in Grey’s Cabinet, 58
and formation of Committee of Four, 62, 66
temperament and background, 66–7
relationship with Grey, 66, 129, 130, 175–6
Committee begins to meet at house of, 68
in favour of Secret Ballot, 102
and dissolution of Parliament, 108–9
as Old Etonian, 127
and his son’s illness, 129, 130
and his son’s death, 175
insults Grey at Cabinet dinner, 175–6
sums up options to ensure passing of Bill, 188
difficult behaviour in Cabinet, 205–6
threatens to resign, 207
speech in Lords, 213–14
analysis of ‘public excitement’, 250
and death of his daughter, 252
and Royal Assent, 257
after passing of Reform Bill, 266
brief references, 56, 71, 99, 262
Durham, Louisa Grey, Lady 52, 188
East Anglia, riots in, 15, 29
Eastlake, Lady, 159
East Retford, 19–20
East Sheen, 188
Eaton Hall, 77
Ebrington, Viscount (later 2nd Earl of Fortescue), 156–7, 229, 239
Edgeworth, Maria, 3–4, 7, 56, 111–12
Edinburgh, 97, 274
Edinburgh Review, 17, 35, 51, 59, 271
Eldon, 1st Earl of, 90, 128, 146
Eliot, George: Middlemarch, 270
Elizabeth, Princess, 7
Ellenborough, 1st Baron (later 1st Earl of Ellenborough), 22–3, 56, 57–8, 89, 125, 128, 130, 145, 214, 241–2, 250
Ellice, Edward, 58
Ellis, Georgiana, 68
English Civil War, 2, 113
Essex, 5th Earl of, 187
Eton College, 127–8
Examiner, 68
Exeter, 174
Exeter, Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of; see Phillpotts, Henry, Bishop of Exeter
Ferrers, 8th Earl, 8
Figaro in London, 203, 256, 272
FitzClarence, George, later Earl of Munster; see Munster, George FitzClarence, Earl of
FitzClarence, Viscount, 118
Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl, 54
Fonblanque, Albany, 67–8, 165
Forbes, Sir Charles, 100
Fox, Charles James, 2, 12, 51, 54, 64, 87–8, 181, 190
Frampton, James, 160, 161
Frampton, Mary, 160, 161, 174
France, 7, 39, 74, 113–14, 187, 213, 274
revolutionary events in, 3, 11–12, 26, 41 52, 95, 160, 181, 201, 213, 250, 258, 277
French Assembly, 135
French Revolution 1789, 11, 52, 160, 181, 250, 258, 277
July 1830, 3, 11–12, 26, 41, 95, 201, 213, 277
Gambier, William Henry, 28–9