Megafire
Page 40
[back]
3. Ibid.
[back]
4. Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire.”
[back]
32. NINETEEN
1. Jim Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire, June 30, 2013: Serious Accident Investigation Report” (State of Arizona, September 23, 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/Yarnell_Hill_Fire_report.pdf.
[back]
2. Holly Neill and John N. Maclean, “Discoveries in Yarnell Hill Fire Recordings Provide New Information About Location of Eric Marsh,” Wildfire Today, January 19, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/2014/01/19/discoveries-in-yarnell-hill-fire-recordings-provide-new-information-about-location-of-eric-marsh/.
[back]
3. Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire.”
[back]
4. Ibid.
[back]
5. Statements by members of the Blue Ridge Hotshots (redacted), including Brian Frisby and Rogers Trueheart Brown, July 1, 2013, in Wildland Fire Associates, prepared for Arizona Division of Occupational Safety and Health, “Granite Mountain IHC Entrapment and Burnover Investigation: Yarnell Hill Fire—June 30, 2013” (November 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/WildlandFireAssociatesReportYARNELL.pdf.
[back]
33. BLOWBACK
1. Russ Wiles and Robert Anglen, “Over $13 Mil Raised After Yarnell Tragedy: Big and Small, Donations Pour In for Hotshots’ Families,” Arizona Republic, December 24, 2013, http://archive.azcentral.com/business/news/articles/20131207yarnell-tragedy-millions-raised.html.
[back]
2. Pete Wertheim, “Prescott Examines Fiscal Impact of Wildfire Tragedy, Benefits, Hotshot Rebuilding,” Prescott eNews, August 14, 2013, http://www.prescottenews.com/index.php/news/current-news/item/22104-prescott-examines-fiscal-impact-of-wildfire-tragedy-benefits-hotshot-rebuilding.
[back]
3. Carter Evans, “Ariz. Hotshot Widow Juliann Ashcraft Fighting for Denied Benefits,” CBS News, August 5, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ariz-hotshot-widow-juliann-ashcraft-fighting-for-denied-benefits/.
[back]
4. Tamara Sone, “City Won’t Budge on Ashcraft Status: Widow Takes Her Plea to the Courthouse Plaza,” Prescott Daily Courier, August 8, 2013, https://www.dcourier.com/news/2013/aug/08/city-wont-budge-on-ashcraft-status-widow-takes-he/.
[back]
5. “Minutes of the Special Voting Meeting of the Prescott City Council,” Prescott, AZ, March 10, 2015, http://prescottaz.iqm2.com/Citizens/FileOpen.aspx?Type=12&ID=1160&Inline=True.
[back]
6. Felicia Fonseca, “Yarnell Hill Homeowners Suing State Alleging Mismanagement,” Associated Press, June 25, 2014, http://www.firehouse.com/news/11534335/yarnell-homeowners-sue-arizona-saying-mismanagement-at-fault.
[back]
7. Jim Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire, June 30, 2013: Serious Accident Investigation Report” (State of Arizona, September 23, 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/Yarnell_Hill_Fire_report.pdf.
[back]
8. Wildland Fire Associates, prepared for Arizona Division of Occupational Safety and Health, “Granite Mountain IHC Entrapment and Burnover Investigation: Yarnell Hill Fire—June 30, 2013” (November 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/WildlandFireAssociatesReportYARNELL.pdf.
[back]
9. J. J. Hensley and Yvonne Wingett Sanchez, “Feds Blocked Key Interviews in State Inquiry,” Arizona Republic, December 6, 2013, http://archive.azcentral.com/news/arizona/articles/20131205feds-blocked-key-interviews-state-inquiry.html.
[back]
10. Bill Gabbert, “Forest Service’s Explanation for Their Refusal to Fully Cooperate with Yarnell Hill Fire Investigations,” Wildfire Today, December 9, 2013, http://wildfiretoday.com/2013/12/09/forest-services-explanation-for-their-refusal-to-fully-cooperate-with-yarnell-hill-fire-investigations/.
[back]
11. Holly Neill and John N. Maclean, “Discoveries in Yarnell Hill Fire Recordings Provide New Information About Location of Eric Marsh,” Wildfire Today, January 19, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/2014/01/19/discoveries-in-yarnell-hill-fire-recordings-provide-new-information-about-location-of-eric-marsh/.
[back]
12. Yvonne Wingett Sanchez and J. J. Hensley, “Hotshot Team’s Future in Question: Amid Vows to Rebuild, Logistical Hurdles Abound,” Arizona Republic, August 17, 2013, http://archive.azcentral.com/news/arizona/articles/20130813hotshot-team-future-question.html.
[back]
13. Bill Gabbert, “Ironwood Hotshots to Be Disbanded,” Wildfire Today, March 14, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/2014/03/04/ironwood-hotshots-to-be-disbanded/.
[back]
14. Lynne LaMaster, “Former Chief Darrell Willis Says ICMA Report on the Wildland Division Tampered With,” Prescott eNews, March 17, 2015, http://www.prescottenews.com/news/current-news/item/25136-former-chief-darrell-willis-says-icma-report-on-the-wildland-division-tampered-with.
[back]
15. Robert Anglen, Dennis Wagner, and Yvonne Wingett Sanchez, “Yarnell Fire: New Account of Hotshot Deaths,” Arizona Republic, April 3, 2015, http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/investigations/2015/04/04/yarnell-fire-new-account-hotshot-deaths/25284535/.
[back]
16. Cindy Barks, “Nearly 2 Years After Hotshot Tragedy, New Account Emerges,” Prescott Daily Courier, April 9, 2015, http://www.dcourier.com/news/2015/apr/09/nearly-2-years-after-hotshot-tragedy-new-account-/.
[back]
17. Yvonne Wingett Sanchez, “Yarnell Hill Fire Lawsuits Settle for $670,000, Reforms,” Azcentral.com, June 29, 2015, last updated June 30, 2015, http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2015/06/29/yarnell-hill-fire-lawsuits-settlement-press-conference/29463359/.
[back]
18. “Yarnell Hill Fire Settlement Press Conference,” Fox 10, Phoenix, June 29, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7GASJl5T6Q.
[back]
19. “Mac and Gaydos Talk with Brendan McDonough,” Mac & Gaydos, KTAR News, May 2, 2016, http://ktar.com/category/podcast_player/?a=321314&sid=1002&n=Mac+%26+Gaydos.
[back]
EPILOGUE
1. Bill Gabbert, “Victims of Escaped Prescribed Fire in Colorado Receiving Settlement Checks,” Wildfire Today, July 29, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/tag/lower-north-fork-fire/.
[back]
2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Announces Action to Combat Insects and Diseases That Weaken Forests, Increase Fire Risk,” news release, May 20, 2014, https://www.fs.fed.us/news/releases/agriculture-secretary-tom-vilsack-announces-action-combat-insects-and-diseases-weaken.
[back]
3. “Senate Introduces the Bipartisan Wildfire Disaster Funding Act,” Wilderness Society, January 22, 2015, http://wilderness.org/press-release/senate-introduces-bipartisan-wildfire-disaster-funding-act.
[back]
Index
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
Abel, Todd, 277, 281, 289
aggressive initial attack, 136–38, 218, 221
Aiken, Ann, 208
air tankers. See also Modular Airborne Fire Fighting Systems (MAFFS); single engine air tankers (SEATs); very large air tankers (VLATs); specific fire names
availability of, 137, 203, 204
crashes, 201–2, 211–13, 215
jet-powered, 204
privatization of firefighting and, 140–42
Supertanker, 15, 204
on Yavapai County Timeline, 249
Alaska, 18, 77, 152, 155
albedo effect, 146
Allen, Craig, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132–33
Allen, Diana, 183
Alpine Hotshots, 225
Al Qaeda, 170–71, 311
Appel, Ann (and Scott), 89, 90–91, 92, 94, 95, 100, 180, 310
Arapaho Fire (2012), 211
Arizona, 18, 62, 131, 222, 263, 272. See also specific fire names; specific place names
Arizona Division of Occupationa
l Safety and Health (ADOSH), 300–301, 302, 306
Arizona Interagency Dispatch Center, 273, 276–77, 278
Arizona State Forestry Division, 275, 300, 305–6
Arizona Wildfire Academy, 9, 253, 261, 265, 308
arson, 15, 119, 159, 170–73, 224, 247
Ashcraft, Andrew and Juliann, 9, 258, 269, 271, 298–99, 300, 306
Asmussen, Jess, 158–59
Aspen Park, Colorado, 93, 94
atomic bombs, 118–22, 202
Augur, Tracy, 123
Australia, xii, xiii, 14–15, 20, 130, 170, 171
B
Bach, Steve, 181, 188–89
Baker, William, 67
Balch, Jennifer, 172
Bandelier National Monument, 118, 119
Barton, Terry Lynn, 171
Bastrop Fire (2011), 44, 149, 152
Battaglia, Mike, 62–63, 65, 66, 103
Battle Fire (1972), 6, 246
Baxter, Adam, 158
beetles, 64, 160–64, 228, 252
Bel Air–Brentwood Fire (1961), 104–5
Bennet, Michael, 155
Biden, Joe, 296
Big Blowup (1910), 56–57, 58, 67, 139, 308
Big Turnaround Fire (2007), 18
Binkley, Dan, xiii–xiv
Biogeography Lab, 67, 163, 226
birds dependent on fire, 47, 69, 144, 166
bison, 41–42, 43, 47–48
Bitterroot Mountains, 55, 56–57
Black Dragon Fire, 44–46
Black Forest Fire (2013), 229–34, 241, 310
Black Forest Fire/Rescue Protection District, 229–30, 231–32, 233, 234
blackline, 71–72, 79, 81, 120, 315
Blankenship, David, 183
Blue Ridge Hotshots, 276–77, 279, 280, 282, 284–85, 292, 301, 305
Bobcat Gulch Fire, 80
Bob Marshall Wilderness, 142
Bock, Carl, 41–42
Bonnie, Robert, 239
Bortnikov, Alexander, 170–71
Boulder and Boulder County, Colorado, ix, 107–11, 123, 185, 314
Boulder Springs Ranch, 278, 279, 285, 289, 293, 302
Bowman, David, 130
Bozell, Ellen, 157
Bradley, Bethany, 166–67
Breckenridge, Colorado, 159
Breshears, Dave, 129
Brisley, Harry, 248
British Columbia, 161
Brown, Rich, 181
Brown, Rogers Trueheart, 280, 292
Brown, Tim, xiv
Bruening, David, 97–98
Brutout, Dave, 91–92, 97, 100, 310
Buffalo Creek Fire (1996), 69, 88
Bugaboo Scrub Fire (2007), 18
bunchgrasses, 34, 165
Bureau of Land Management, 135, 165, 206, 274, 275, 280–81
Busby, Chris, 125–26
Bush, George W., 65
Bushey, Chuck, 202, 204
Butry, David, 172
C
C-119 Flying Boxcars, 206
C-130 planes, 15, 205–7, 209, 210–13, 217, 278
Cache la Poudre River, 147, 148, 157, 159
Caldwell, Robert and Claire, 9, 260–65, 294
California, xii, 18, 50–51, 104, 116, 133, 165, 171, 198, 205, 222, 237. See also specific fire names; specific place names
Camarillo, California, 205
Campbell, Scott, 231–32, 233
campfires, xv, 115, 140, 172, 225, 237
Canada, xiii, 16–17, 149, 161, 204
Canary Islands, 16
Cannon, Robert, 210–11
Cantwell-Hastings bill, 301
carbon dioxide, 16, 17, 48, 133
carbon sequestration, 17, 42, 133, 155, 240
Carey, Dave, 210
Carmody, Rachel, 46–47
Carson Helicopters, 207–8
Carter, Travis, 266–67
Castle Fire (1979), 7, 246
cattle, 18, 28–29, 33, 34, 41, 43, 44, 63, 130, 140, 144
Cawlfield, Gregg, 230
Cedar Fire (2003), 217
Cedar Heights neighborhood, 179–80, 181, 192
Cerny, David, 18
Cerro Grande Fire (2000), 118, 121, 123, 128, 131
cesium, 124
Chambless, Ronnie Edwin, 202
chaparral
fires in, 262, 263, 264
homes in, 104, 123, 251
plants in, 272
Prescott and Yarnell, around, 251, 272, 273, 276, 278, 280, 283, 285, 290, 303
cheatgrass, 165–69, 201, 262
Checkoway, Barry, 122–23
Cheney, Dick, 53, 54
Chernobyl, Ukraine, and disaster, 124–25
chimpanzees, 46–47, 224
China, xiii, 44–46, 149
chinook winds, 82
Chino Valley Fire Department, 6–11
Chrachol, Jerry, 98
Christensen, Nick, 148
CIA, 207, 208
Clearwater National Forest, 217–20, 222
Clearwater-Potlatch Timber Protective Association, 218–20
climate change. See also droughts; heat waves
in Arizona, 263
changes in trees and forests with, 132–33
cheatgrass spreading and, 167
future fire predictions and, 240
greenhouse gases and, 12, 16, 17, 18, 48
human responsibility for, 151–52
increased fire threat with, 12, 139–40, 226
insect pests and, 163, 240
public communication about, 150–51, 156
Climate for Change, A (Hayhoe and Farley), 151
coal fires, 159
Cohen, Jack, 104–5
Cole, Marty, 254–55
Collas, Ted, 189
Collura, Joy, 279–80
Colorado, 18, 23, 28–29, 61–63, 65–67, 69–70, 80–83, 101–104, 106–7, 149, 165, 167, 171–72, 214–15, 217, 224–27, 235–37, 240, 310–13. See also specific fire names; specific place names
Colorado Chautauqua cottage, ix–x, 62
Colorado Firefighting Air Corps, 311–12
Colorado Front Range, 62–63, 68, 146, 154, 194, 314, 315. See also Boulder and Boulder County, Colorado; specific fire names
Colorado Springs, Colorado, 17, 160, 171–72, 178–80, 181–85, 186–200, 209–10, 235, 240–41. See also Waldo Canyon Fire (2012)
Colorado Springs Fire Department, 178, 181–84, 188, 191–92, 195, 196–97, 198–99, 233
Colorado Springs Police Department, 191–92, 193
Colorado Springs Utilities, 183, 188, 193, 195
Colorado State Forest Service
High Park Fire and, 147
Lower North Fork Fire and, 92, 145
maps showing Red Zones, 101, 107
prescribed burns, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 80–81, 84, 89, 95
Colorado State University, xiii, 13, 32, 145, 163, 225
Congress Fire District, 273
Conifer Meadows, Colorado, 84, 85
Connecticut, 49–50, 51–55, 58
control line, 72, 73, 78, 80, 81
Cordes, Gary, 278, 286, 288
Cottrell, Dave, 94, 101
Courthouse Plaza (Prescott, Arizona), 245, 247, 248
Couton, Pascal and Océane, 16
Cox, Ryan, 80–81
Crazy Woman Mountain, 51
crown fires
beetle-killed trees and, 162–64
brush crush effect on, 257
grazing and fire suppression leading to, 130
homes and, 76
ladder fuels and, 64, 66, 89
lodgepole pines and, 103
in New Mexico and Arizona, 131
ponderosa pine forests and, 263
running/racing, 93, 111
Whitewater-Baldy Fire, during, 134
Crown King Fire Department, 267
Crystal Mountain, 147
Custer, George, 41
D
Dalai Lama, 208
Daniels, Jerry “Hog,” 209
David, Ryan S., 210
Day, Chad, 31–32, 33, 34
debt-ceiling standoff (2011), 238, 239
Deford, Dustin, 267
Denver, Colorado, 69, 79, 126, 127, 158
Denver strike teams, 195, 196–97
Denver Water, 69, 70, 71–72, 75, 78, 83, 84, 89
Derr, Bill, 142–43
Devils Head, 87, 90, 201
Devore, California, 237
dispersal of population, 121–23
Doce Fire (2013), 8, 265, 266, 268, 270, 273
Doesken, Nolan, 145–47, 149, 150, 155–56
dog-hair thickets, 67, 76
Dorman, Scott, 226
Double Bar A Ranch, 277, 282
Douglas fir, 63, 72, 77, 109, 132
droughts
climate change and, 12, 129, 130
in Colorado, 69, 74
on Crazy Woman Mountain, 51
fire danger with, 86, 124, 131–32, 145, 152, 153, 162, 270
fire season extension with, 224
forest drought-stress index, 132
grassfires and, 34, 44
insect pests and, 129, 161, 163
in Jemez mountains in 1950s, 139
Keetch-Byram Drought Index, 79
Last Chance Fire and, 164
livestock feeding and, 28–29
prairies and, 42
prescribed burns and, 73, 101
trees killed by, 132
drug-smuggling operations, 206–7
Dude Fire (1990), 7, 251, 262
Dump Fire (2012), 116
Duncan, Michael, and family, 192
Dust Bowl, 224
dust storms, 29, 46, 146
dwarf mistletoe, 64
E
East Amarillo Complex (2006), 18, 44