four categories of drivers behind, xv
ground fire cycle disruption and, 131
seed source destruction from, 130
as term, xi, xii, xiii–xv, 20
U.N. global assessment (2011), 171
Metheny, Steven, 208
Michalak, Kevin, 72, 73, 78–79, 80–82, 84, 85, 93
Mickley, Loretta J., 154
Mikeal, Paul K., 210
Milford Flat Fire (2007), 18
Misfeldt, Brian and Renee, 261–62, 265
Misner, Sean, 267, 299
Missoula, Montana, 107, 208, 209, 216
Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, 104, 153–54
Mitton, Jeffry, 163–64
mixed conifer forests, 68, 76, 103–4
Modular Airborne Fire Fighting Systems (MAFFS), 205–6, 207, 209, 210–13, 215, 278
Moeller, Kristen, 94, 101
Mogollon Rim, 134, 143, 272
Montana, 55, 56–57, 102–3, 138, 167, 171, 219. See also Missoula, Montana
Monument, Colorado, 232
moonscape, 3, 128–29
Moore, Pearl, 287–88
mopping up, 72, 73, 78–79, 84, 202
Moraga, Rodrigo, 107–11, 314–15
Moriarty, Kevin, 163
mosaic pattern of burns, 68, 130
mountain pine beetle, 64, 160–61, 162, 163
Mountain Shadows neighborhood, 179, 182, 184, 186, 187–88, 189–92, 194–200
Mount Carmel, Israel, 15
Murphy, Tim, 165, 166
Murray, Charles Augustus, 43
Musser, Paul, 284
Mutch, Bob, 138
Myers, J. C. and Juston, 44
Myers, Mike, 188, 195
Myers, Richard B., 217
N
National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy, 221
National Fire Protection Association, 14, 121, 253–54
National Guard and Air National Guard, 177, 205, 210, 211, 213, 223
National Incident Management System, 180, 276
National Interagency Coordination Center, 102, 111, 180
National Interagency Fire Center, 13, 106–7, 165, 270, 279, 297
National Park Service, 41, 42, 64, 120, 121, 135, 158
National Weather Service, 29, 79–80, 183, 213, 281
Native Americans, 22, 41, 43, 47–48, 171, 226
Nebraska, 33
Neill, Holly, 301–2
Neuer, Tom, 111–12
Nevada, xiv, 165, 201, 202, 249
New Emperors, The (Salisbury), 45
New Jersey, 77
New Mexico, 64, 79, 118–21, 131, 132, 133. See also Gila Mountains and Wilderness, New Mexico; Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Canyon
Norman, Oklahoma, 224
Norris, Scott, 267, 284
North Carolina, 210, 213, 217
North Fork fire department, 82, 84, 89, 103
North Fork Ranger District fire crew, 219, 222
Northwest Fire District, 302
O
Oakland Hills firestorm (1991), 274
Obama, Barack, 22–23, 204–5, 238, 239, 313
obligate seeder forests, 130–31
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 207, 221–22
Oklahoma, 43, 44, 224
Old Fire (2003), 224
Oliver, Chad, 124–25
O’Loughlin, Kevin, 20
Olson, Kim, 74, 87, 90, 94–97, 101
O’Neill, Buckey, 245
Orange County, California, 116
Oregon, 117, 171, 207, 216, 256
Oso Fire (1998), 119
Overland Fire, 80
Owens, Alicia, 9, 270, 271
Owens, Bill, 223
Oyler, Raymond Lee, 172
P
P2V planes, 202, 215
P-3 planes, 206
Pacific Biodiversity Institute, 274
Page, Joe, 92
Pajarito Canyon, 119
Palace (Prescott, Arizona), 246, 248
Paladini, Jon, 304, 305
Palestro, Rich, 84
Papoose Fire (2013), 228
Paradise Park, 158
Park County, Colorado, 117
Parker, Danny and Amber, 6–10
Parker, Wade, 7–10, 270–71, 284, 296
Parmenter, Bob, 129, 130
Patzert, Bill, 237
Pearce, Steve, 138–39, 142
Peeples Valley, Arizona, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 282–83, 293, 294
Pellegrino, Bill, 188
Penland, Russell A., 205
Pennsylvania, 117
Percin, John, 265
Perdue, Bev, 213
personal protective equipment (PPE), 219
Peterson Air Force Base, 205, 209
Phillips, Levi, 208
Pike National Forest, 179, 189
Pikes Peak, 87, 88, 178
Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, 188–89
Pinchot, Gifford, 57–58
pines, 14, 15, 17, 41, 45, 129, 161. See also ponderosa pines and forests; specific pine names
piñon pine, 51, 68, 119, 129, 132, 201
Pitkin County, Colorado, 102
Platte Canyon Fire Protection District, 73
Pleasant Park. See Kuehster Road and Pleasant Park neighborhood
Pletcher, George and Florence, 32, 33
Plumas National Forest, 224
Plumley, Tosh, 207
plutonium and plutonium bombs, 119, 123, 124, 126
Poinsettia Fire (2014), 116
Polson, Jeff, x–xi
ponderosa pines and forests
Black Forest Fire and, 229
fire suppression and, 14, 61–63, 103, 109–10, 130, 314
at foot of Pikes Peak, 178
in Front Range of Colorado, 68
ignition and burning of, 51, 129
livestock grazing and, 130, 314
lodgepole forests compared to, 103–4
Los Alamos National Laboratory, around, 118, 119
Prescott, Arizona, surrounding, 246, 251, 252, 263–64, 303
prescribed burns of, 41
thinned, 143
tree-ring data from, 67, 132
in Valles Caldera, 129
Waldo Canyon Fire and, 181
Whitewater-Baldy Fire and, 133–34
Portugal, xiii
Possum Kingdom Lake, Texas, 149–50
Potlatch Corporation, 218
Poudre Canyon and Fire Protection District, 147, 177
power lines, 31, 44, 83, 128, 152, 153, 158, 172
prairies, 40–44, 127. See also grasslands
Preble’s meadow jumping mouse, 126
Prescott, Arizona, 3, 21–23, 245–50, 251–65, 266–71, 296–300, 302–4
Prescott Area Wildland Urban Interface Commission, 251, 257
Prescott Fire Department, 3–6, 21, 22, 23, 251–52, 253–57, 258–59, 297, 298, 303–4
Prescott High School, 257, 258, 261, 294, 295
Prescott Hotshots, 257, 294
prescribed burns. See also Lower North Fork prescribed burn and Fire
Cerro Grande Fire and, 120, 121
for cheatgrass control, 169
in Colorado Front Range, 315
in Gila Wilderness, 135
Lower North Fork watershed and, 71–74, 75
Nature Conservancy and, 132
Prescott, around, 257–58
public resistance to, 66
in Rocky Flats, 127
Prestemon, Jeffrey, 172
Prineville Hotshots, 55
prison inmates, 49–51, 73, 79, 219, 274, 275
private aviation contractors, 205–9
privatization of firefighting, 140–42
Proulx, Michelle, 157–58
Pulaski (firefighting tool), 57, 109, 194, 261, 296, 297
Pulaski, “Big Ed,” 56–57, 58, 61, 308
Pyne, Stephen J., 20
pyrocumulus clouds, 20, 184, 290
Q
Qu
eens Canyon, 179, 186, 187, 189, 190
Quintanar, Ray, 217
R
Rabinowitch, Eugene, 122
radioactive waste and fallout, 119, 121, 124–25, 126–27, 128, 223
rain forests, 16, 42
Rampart Range, 87, 190, 201
Rampart Range Road and Rampart Reservoir, 181, 186, 187, 189
Rasker, Ray, 103, 312
Reagan, Roy D., 206, 207
Rebbe, Dewey, 144
red buffalo, 40, 42, 43–44, 45, 46, 48
Redding Hotshots, 195
Red Flag Warnings, 29, 30, 80, 82, 183, 229, 232
Red Forest, Ukraine, 124–25
red forests, 160–64
Red Zones, 101–2, 103–4, 107, 124, 252–53
Reinhardt, Elizabeth, 67
reintroduction of fire, 64–65, 67, 135
reverse 911 systems, 88, 92–94, 191, 231, 287
Riker, Steve, 181–83, 186–88, 189, 192–94, 195, 196, 198, 199–200, 232, 241
Rim Fire (2013), 237, 238
Rio Grande, 132
Rio Grande National Forest, 228
Rist Canyon and Volunteer Fire Department, 147, 148, 157
Rocky and Jerusalem Fires, x
Rocky Flats Plant, 126–27
Rocky Mountain National Park, 158, 159, 185, 224–27
Rocky Mountain Research Station, 62, 102, 133, 162
rodeo, 247, 249, 250
Rodeo-Chediski Fire (2002), 131, 171
Rogers, Curt, 84–85, 86, 91, 92–93
Romps, David, 153
Roosevelt, Teddy, ix, 57, 245
Roosevelt National Forest, 115
Rose, Anthony, 267
Royal Gorge Fire, 229, 230, 231
Running, Steve, 154
Russia, xii, 16, 17, 149, 170
Ryan, Paul, 314
S
sagebrush, 34, 163, 166, 201
Salisbury, Harrison, 45, 46
San Bernardino, California, 224
San Bernardino Mountains, 172
San Diego County, California, 116
San Francisco, California, 238
San Juan Islands, Washington, 77
San Juan Mountains, 228
Scanlan, Tom and Sharon, 94, 101, 105–6
Schanel, Jim, 177–78, 179, 180, 184–85, 195, 196–97, 199, 200, 229, 232, 241
Schmidt, Bob and Barb, 231
Schneider, Eddie, 92, 96
Schoeffler, Fred, 163
Schoennagel, Tania, 65–66, 103, 104
Schopper, Steve, 199
Scott, Bill, 311–12
scrublands, 13, 19, 165
scrub oak, 86, 159, 197, 272
self-regulating fires, 134
Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, 142
Shady Canyon Golf Club, 116
Shambhala Mountain Center, 157
Shank, Cindy, 228
Sheley, Chuck, 209
Sherriff, Rosemary, 68
Shrine of St. Joseph of the Mountains, 274, 287
Shumate, Russ, 275, 276, 277
Sibold, Jason, 225, 226
Sierra Nevada, 237
Silcox, Ferdinand Augustus, 58, 61
Simpson, Mike, 313–14
Simtable, 107–8
single engine air tankers (SEATs), 147, 148, 275–76, 279
sky lanterns and fires, 117
slash piles, 66, 140, 218
slop-over, defined, 82
slurry bombers, 52, 88, 179, 216
Smith, Bryan, 287–88
Smith, Elmer, 32–33, 39
Smith, Justin, 148, 159
Smith, Ric, 230
smoke columns and collapses, 184, 190, 192, 290
smokejumpers, 54–55, 208–9
Smokey Bear, 51, 58, 61
snags and snag forests, 52, 69, 219, 220
Snart, Rocco, 73
snowpack, 12, 17, 28, 73, 82, 83, 154, 237
soil “sterilization,” 69
South Africa, xii, 17, 47
South Canyon Fire (1994), 80, 207, 237
South Dakota, 41, 79, 210–13
South Fork, Colorado, 228–29
Southwest (U.S.), 14, 131–32, 133, 152, 154. See also specific state names
Southwest Coordination Center, 269, 276–77, 279
Southwest Ponderosa Pine Model, 131
Soviet Union, 44–45
Spain, 16
spark arrester technology, 172
Spencer, Betty Goodwin, 56
spot fires, defined, 72
Spottiswoode, Claire, 47
Springer Fire (2012), 117
spruce, 45, 68, 119, 134, 161, 228
spruce beetle, 161, 163, 228
Spruce Mountain, 271
Stahl, Andy, 214, 215, 216, 312, 314
Stalnacker, Jay, 314, 315
stand-replacing fires, 76, 162, 181
Stanislaus National Forest, 237
State Line Fire (2012), 159
Steadman, Linda, 147–48
Steed, Jesse, 9, 263, 267, 270, 278, 280, 282, 284, 305
Steep Corner Fire (2012), 218, 221–22
Stephens, Randall, 203–4
Storm King Mountain, 54, 80, 207, 236–37, 262
Stove Prairie Elementary School, 147
Strontia Springs Reservoir, 69–70
strontium, 124
Struckmeyer, Jennifer and Del, and family, 27–31, 33, 35–39, 71, 145, 316
Stuart, Darin, 30–31, 35–38
subalpine fir, 68
suburbanization, 122–23
suicide subdivisions, 141
Summit County, Colorado, 102
Suri, Abu Musab al-, 170
Swan, Marlys, 168
Swetnam, Tom, 131
T
Tahoe Hotshots, 194, 195
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, 40–41
Tarr, Eric, 293
Taylor Bridge Fire (2012), 224
Teller, Edward, 121–22
Teller County, Colorado, 102, 171
10 a.m. policy, 58, 61, 139, 141, 142–43
Tennessee, 18
terrorism, 170–71, 311–12
Texas, 18, 43, 44, 149–52
Thailand, 16, 209
Thurston, Joe, 267
Thyme, Steve, 233
Tibet, 208–9
Tidwell, Tom, 204, 239
Tiegs, Rachel, 222
Tompkins, Todd Neal, 202
Tracy, James, 116
Travels in North America (Murray), 43
Treasure Fire (2012), 159
Trujillo, J. C., 247, 293–94
Truman, Harry, 122
Turbyfill, Travis, 258, 267
Twisp River Fire (2015), 314
Type 1 Incident Management Team, defined, 148
U
Udall, Mark, 155
Ukraine, 124–26
Union Chapel Fire Department, 44
United Nations, xii, 125, 171
United States
acres burned in, xv, 19, 223
fire balloons launched over forests in, 171
firefighting aircraft in 2012, 203
mountain pine beetle devastation in, 160–61
on predicted wildfire map, 148–49
threats of forest jihad in, 170
wildfires throughout, 18–19
University of Colorado, ix, 41, 65, 67, 101, 163, 172, 226, 314
Upper South Platte watershed, 69
uranium, 119, 223
U.S. Air Force and Academy, 179, 183, 186, 192, 205, 206, 209, 230
U.S. Army, 51
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 12, 19, 66, 238, 301, 313
U.S. Department of Energy, 119
U.S. Department of the Interior, 137, 214–15, 238–39, 254, 313
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 126–27, 161
U.S. Forest Service
air tanker fleet of, 202, 203, 204
Big Blowup and, 56–58
blue-ribbon panel, 202–3, 311
Blue Ridge Hotsho
ts sequestered by, 301
costs of wildfires and budget of, 19–20, 103, 136–37, 215, 221, 238–39, 240, 313
debate among employees of, 142–43
Esperanza Fire and, 172
fire borrowing and, 238, 239
firefighting aircraft effectiveness, studies on, 214, 215
fire retardant effectiveness and, 215–17
fuel treatments/prescribed burns by, 65, 66, 77–78
future fire predictions by, xv, 183, 240
ground fires extinguished by, 62
High Park Fire and, 147
hotshots, 194, 195, 254, 256, 257, 259
private aviation contractors and, 206–8
reintroduction of fire and, 135
Rocky Mountain Research Station, 62, 102, 133, 162
shooting and fires on land of, 115–17
10 a.m. policy, 58, 61, 139, 141, 142–43
trees killed by drought and insects documented by, 133
Waldo Canyon Fire and, 160, 194
WUI and, 13
Yarnell Hill Fire investigations and, 301, 307
Yellowstone fires and, 64
U.S. government
Forest and Rangelands initiative, 14
sequestration, 238, 240
spending on wildfires, 13, 19, 103, 136–37, 140, 238–40, 268, 313–14
suburbanization and, 122–23
U.S. Government Accountability Office, 215
Utah, 18, 116, 165, 171, 201, 202, 224
V
Valles Caldera National Preserve and volcano, 119, 128, 129–30
Valley Fire, x–xi
Valparaiso, Chile, 17
Vandenberg Hotshots, 195
Vang Pao, 209
vapor-pressure deficit, 132
Veblen, Tom, 67–68, 163, 226, 314
Ventura County, California, 205
very large air tankers (VLATs), 228–29, 266, 276, 279
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