East Fork Fire (2013), 228
Eastin, Duaine and Lucie, 32–33
East Peak Fire (2013), 228
Ecosphere, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153
Eisenhower, Dwight, 123
Eitel, Gary, 207
Elk Creek Fire Department, 75–76, 77–78, 82, 83, 89, 103, 310–11
Elofson-Gardine, Paula, 127
El Paso County, Colorado, and Wildland Fire Crew, 160, 183, 231, 233
ember bombs, 170
emergency medical technicians (EMTs), 28, 31, 265, 267, 316
Esperanza Fire (2006), 172, 306
Estes Park, Colorado, 158
Estes Valley Fire Protection District, 226
Europe, 121, 124, 170–71
Everett, William and Barbara, 200
F
Fairbanks, Rich, 140–41
Fall River, 216
Farley, Andrew, 151
Farrell, Truman and Lois, 273
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1954, 123
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 202–3
FEMA Disaster Relief Fund, 313
Fern Lake Fire (2012–2013), 226, 227, 228
Ferrenberg, Scott M., 163–64
Fine, Leah, 284
fire, benefits to humans, 46–48
fire balloons, 171
fire borrowing, 238, 239
firebrands, 105, 193
firefighters. See also hotshots; volunteer firefighters; specific fire department names; specific fire names
aggressive firefighting and, 139–40
aircraft crashes and, 201–2, 207, 211–13, 215
Americans as capable, 61
camps for, 141
Connecticut crews in Rocky Mountains, 51–55, 58
dynamiting of buildings by, 248
foreign, 51
potential radiation exposure, 125
prescribed burns set by, 71
prison inmates, 49–51, 73, 79, 219, 274, 275
from private companies, 141
underfunding of, 238–40
U.S., fighting fires worldwide, 14–18
winter fires and, 225
firefighting aircraft, 201–22. See also air tankers; helicopters; specific aircraft names
firefighting aviation, scandals and, 205–9
firefighting camps, 141
fire-industrial complex, 14, 139, 142
fire regimes, 63–64, 67, 77
fire retardant, 52–53, 211–12, 214, 215–17, 266, 278, 291
fire scars, 62, 69–70, 240, 315
fire shelters, 4–5, 10, 262, 292
fire tourism, 54
fire triangle, 152
fire wells, 246, 247
Firewise programs, 14, 179–80, 258
firs, 119, 134, 228. See also Douglas fir
fish, fire retardant effects on, 216
Flagstaff Mountain and Flagstaff Fire (2012), x, 185
FLAME Act (2009), 239–40
Flathead Hotshots, 219–20
Flatirons, ix, x, 185
Flint Hills, Kansas, 40–41, 42, 43–44
Flippen, Jim, 274
flooding, 235–36
Florida, xii, 18, 69
Forest Canyon, 225
forest drought-stress index, 132
forest fires and fighters, xi, 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 34, 45–46, 48
forest jihad, 170–71, 311–12
Fourmile Canyon Fire and Fire Department, ix, x, xi–xii, 19, 107, 108, 109–11, 314–15
Fowler, Rickie Lee, 172, 224
Frank, Laura, 101, 103
Frisby, Brian, 280, 282, 284, 292–93
Frontier Days, Prescott, 3, 21–22, 247, 249–50, 293–94
Fuchs, Fred, 206, 207
fuel breaks, 108, 165, 169
fuel treatments, 65–66. See also prescribed burns
Fukushima nuclear disaster, 125
G
Gabbert, Bill, 137, 204
Gallamore, Allen, 73, 79
Gallegly, Elton, 205–6
Gambel oak, 54–55, 63, 178, 181
Garden of the Gods park, 160, 179
Georgia, 18, 69
Germany, 121, 124
Gila Hotshots, 144
Gila Mountains and Wilderness, New Mexico, 64, 133–34, 135, 143–44
Gilligan, Sonny “Tex,” 279–80
Gingrich, Newt, 150
Glen Eyrie (conference center and castle), 179, 182
global warming, 145, 148, 149, 152, 153–55, 241. See also climate change; greenhouse gases
Gouveia, Célia, xiii
Granite Mountain, Arizona, 8, 255–56, 266
Granite Mountain Girls, 263, 294
Granite Mountain Interagency Hotshot Crew (GMIHC)
alligator juniper tree saved by, 266
costs and reimbursements, 268–69
Doce Fire and, 8, 266, 270
factors leading to deaths of, 10, 12–14, 23
formation of, 6
funeral for, 296–98
international media attention, 14
Marsh’s development of, 254–57, 259–60, 308
members of, 7, 258–59, 260–61, 262–65, 266–68
Obama’s address on, 22–23
positions eliminated, 269
rebuilding considered, 302
recovery team for, 10
reparations to families of, 298–300, 305–6
10th anniversary of, 22
Whitewater-Baldy Fire and, 143
Yarnell Hill Fire and, 3–6, 277–82, 284–85, 289–94, 301–2
grass fires. See also Heartstrong, Colorado, and Fire; red buffalo
bison and, 41–42, 47–48
on Connecticut prison grounds, 49–50
fast response needed for, 28, 34
in Kansas, 29, 40, 42–44, 46
Last Chance Fire, 164, 168–69
grasslands
BLM management of, 165
homes adjacent to, 13, 123
intentional burning of, 48
overgrazing of, 131–32
red buffalo and, 40–44
Rocky Flats, 126–27
Simtable and, 107
in volcano, 119
wildfires in, 19
gray forests, 161, 162, 164
Great Basin, 165, 166
Great Fire (1900), 248–49
Great Stupa of Dharmakaya, 157
Greece, xii, 17–18
Greeley, Colorado, 39, 71
greenhouse gases, 16, 17, 18, 48, 154, 155
Groeschl, David, 221
Groom Creek wildland crew, 267
ground fires
beetle-killed trees and, 162
crown fires from, 89
grazing and removal of grasses carrying, 118, 130, 131
low-intensity, 103
slash piles and, 66
spread of, 84
suppression of, 62, 63, 64, 131
in Whitewater-Baldy Fire, 133–34
Gulick, Doug, and family, 74, 87–88, 90, 94–97, 101
Guthrie, Randall, 213
H
Hahnenberg, Bill, 148, 159
Haines Index, 73, 183
Hall, Roy, 279, 283, 287
Hammoud, Assem, 171
handline, 72, 81
Harris, Celia, 43–44
Harvard University, 46, 47, 153, 154
Harvey, Bob, 229–30, 231–32, 233
Harvey, Rich, 180–81, 182, 186–87, 189, 194, 200, 226, 232
Harwood, Doug, 267
Havel, Charlie, 276, 277
Hayhoe, Katharine, 149–53
Hayman Fire (2002)
arson and, 171
Bill Owens and, 223
burn scar from, 184, 201
evacuations and, 236
Kuehster Road residents and, 94–95, 105
Maluschkas and, 190–91
Moraga and, 109
water supply and, 69
weather conditions and, 80, 147
Headwaters Economics, 13, 102–3, 1
10, 312
Healthy Forests Initiative, 65
Heartstrong, Colorado, and Fire (2012), 31, 32–39, 71, 145, 168, 224, 316
heat waves, 12, 17, 151, 153, 163, 224, 237
Heil Valley Ranch, 67–68, 314, 315
helicopters, 55, 116, 140, 141, 202, 207, 225. See also under specific fire names
herbicides, 166, 169
Herklotz, Marc and Robin, 230–31
Hertel, Jason, 97
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, 238
Hickenlooper, John, 159, 172, 199, 311, 312, 315
High Park Fire (2012)
animals and, 157–58
Anne Veseth and, 222
climate models and, 148–49
crown fires during, 162–63
deaths from, 147–48, 155–56
Horsetooth Reservoir and, 155, 186
rebuilding following, 310
Schanel and, 177
Historic Aircraft Exchange Program, 206
Hmong people, 209
Hollingshead, Ed, 251
Holmes, Samuel N., 246–47
Holst, Tom, 261, 264
home ignition zone, 104
homes in fire-prone landscapes. See also Red Zones; wildland-urban interface (WUI)
cost of protection of, 102–3
Kuehster Road and Pleasant Park neighborhood, 86, 87–99, 104, 105–6
numbers burned, 102
spread of, 12–14, 65–66, 84
thick forests around, 62–63, 68, 76, 77
Hoover, Andy and Jeanie, 88–89, 98–99, 104, 105
Hoover, Herbert, 88, 89, 99
horses, 18, 21–22, 43, 44, 158, 224
Horsetooth Reservoir, 155, 186
hotshots. See also Alpine Hotshots; Blue Ridge Hotshots; Gila Hotshots; Granite Mountain Interagency Hotshot Crew (GMIHC)
Cerro Grande Fire and, 120
Interagency Hotshot Crews, 256
killed on Storm King Mountain, 54–55
killed on Yarnell Hill, 4–6, 10, 13, 21
requested for Yarnell Hill Fire, 276–77
Steep Corner Fire and, 218–21
Tonto National Forest crew, 253
Wade Parker, 7–10
Waldo Canyon Fire and, 194, 195, 197, 199
Hubbard, Burt, 101, 103
Hubbard, James E., 136–38, 221
human ignitions, 115–16, 140, 172–73, 233, 234, 266. See also arson; intentionally set fires
Hunt, Laura, 235, 236
Hunter, Chris, 9
Hunter, Duncan L., 217
Hutto, Dick, 69
hydrogen bombs, 121, 126
I
Idaho, 56–57, 162, 165, 166, 167, 180, 217–22, 223
Indian Fire (2002), 252, 257, 258
Indonesia, 16, 17
Ingalsbee, Tim, 221
Iniguez, Jose “Pepe,” 133–34, 138, 139, 143
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, 103, 149, 226
intentionally set fires, 16, 40, 41, 43, 47–48, 159–60. See also arson; fuel treatments
Inter-Canyon fire department, 91–92, 103
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 151, 154
Iron 44 Fire (2008), 207–8
Ironwood Hotshots, 302
Israel, 15
J
Jackson, Conrad, 257, 258–59, 282–83, 293, 294–95
James, William, 57
Jamestown, Colorado, 115
Japan, 121, 126, 171
Jefferson County, Colorado
Lower North Fork Fire, following, 310
9-1-1 Dispatch, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89–91, 92, 93, 99
population in Red Zone, 102
rapid growth of, 75
Reynolds Park, 72
Sheriff’s Office, 73, 84, 91, 97–98
Jemez Mountains, 118, 119, 128–29, 131, 139
Jerusalem and Rocky Fires, x
Jewish National Fund, 15
jihadist websites, 170–71
Johnson, Cecilia, 216–17
Johnson, Chris, 236
Johnson, Nate and Cindi, 147
Jolly, Matt, 154, 162
junipers
alligator juniper, 8, 129, 266
in Front Range of Colorado, 68
heat and drought tolerance, 129
ignition and burning of, 51, 52, 63, 86
in Jemez mountains, 119, 129
plane crash in canyon full of, 201
on Weaver Mountains, 272
K
Kansas, 29, 33, 40–41, 42, 43–44, 46
Keetch-Byram Drought Index, 79
Kelso, Barbara, 272–73
Kennedy, Don, 69–70
Kennedy, Roger, 121, 122, 123
Kern, Tony, 204
“Khampa Airlift to Tibet” (painting), 208–9
King, Steve, 311–12
Klimowski, Brian, 281
Kolden, Crystal, 141–42
Kriegbaum, Rob, 80–81
Kuehster Road and Pleasant Park neighborhood, 86, 87–99, 104, 105–6, 145, 310
Kuykendall, Marlin, 299
L
Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, 131
La Crescenta–Montrose, California, 237
ladder fuels, 64, 89, 163
Lake County, California, x
La Mesa Fire (1977), 119
Laos, 208, 209
Laramie Mountains, 211
Larimer County, Colorado, 148, 159
Las Conchas Fire (2011), 118, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 143
Last Chance Fire (2012), 164, 168, 169, 170
Lefthand Canyon, 117
Left Hand Creek, 115
Leopold, A. Starker, 64
Lewelling, Mike, 225
lightning-ignited fires. See also Yarnell Hill Fire (2013)
allowing to burn, 135
Arizona monsoon storms and, 272
in Colorado in 2013, 228
on Crazy Woman Mountain, 51
fire clouds and, 184
High Park Fire, 147
pyrocumulus clouds and, 20
red buffalo, 40, 44
rutting elk and, 8
simulations and, 108
in Utah in 2012, 224
warming of earth’s atmosphere and, 153
White Rock Fire, 201
Whitewater-Baldy Fire, 133
Yellowstone fires, 45
Limbaugh, Rush, 150
Lincoln, Abraham, 245–46
livestock grazing, 63, 118, 127, 130, 131, 139, 140, 314
lodgepole pine, 68, 76, 103–4, 161, 162–63, 181
longleaf pine forests, 69
Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Canyon, 118–21, 128, 130, 131, 133
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 118, 119, 120, 129, 131
Los Angeles County Fire Department, 267
Lower North Fork prescribed burn and Fire, 77–82, 87–99
Cerro Grande Fire compared to, 120–21
evacuees, 100–101
as harbinger of fire danger, 145, 146
High Park Fire compared to, 147
homes destroyed by, 104, 105
McLaughlin and, 83–86
prescribed burns banned after, 314–15
Rich Harvey and, 180–81
Lower North Fork watershed, 70, 71–74, 75, 81, 82–83, 91
Lucas, Dave, 126, 127
Lucas, Peter, 47
Lucas, Sam and Moaneti, 87–88, 90, 92, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 180, 310
Lyons, Colorado, 202
M
MacKenzie, Christopher, 267–68, 269, 284
Mackenzie Fire (1994), 262
Maketa, Terry, 183–84, 231, 232, 233, 234
Malkin, Michelle, 204
Maluschka, Cindy, Mark, and Amber, 190–91
Manitou Springs, Colorado, 160, 179, 235, 236
Manning, Shane, 143
Marquez, Rance, 280–81
Marr, Jerri, 189
Marsh, Amanda, 253, 263, 294, 302, 306
Marsh, Eric
at Doce Fire, 266,
268, 270
Granite Mountain Hotshots developed and led by, 254–60, 266, 267, 269–70, 308–9
life and accomplishments of, 9, 253–54, 261
truck driven by, 303
Yarnell Hill Fire and, 277–78, 279–82, 284–85, 289–92, 301–2, 305, 308–9
Mason, Cleve, 31
Mason, Don, 274
Massa, Dave and Carol, 95, 96
Matthews, Mark, 283
Matzuk, Mike, 115
McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index, 15
McCarty, Pat and Daniel, 254–55, 258, 268
McCormick, Joseph, 210
McCullough, Jack, 88
McDonald, Bob, 233–34
McDonough, Brendan “Donut,” 259–60, 266, 280, 282, 295, 297, 304–5, 307
McDowell, Nate, 129
McElwee, Tim, 255
McGroder, Pat, 307
McKee, Grant, 264–65, 284, 294
McLaughlin, Bill, 75–78, 82–86, 91, 92–93, 310–11
megafire
first conference studying, xii–xiv
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