They All Love Jack

by Bruce Robinson

  11. Lucifer: A Theosophical Magazine, edited by H. P. Blavatsky and A. Besant, Vol. 3, 1889

  12. Theosophical Publishing Society (1911)

  13. Mathers was quoting Eliphas Levi’s Histoire de Magie (translated from the French by A. E. Waite, circa 1920)

  14. Real History of the Rosicrucians, by A. E. Waite, 1887 (p.424)

  15. The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception or Mystic Christianity, by Max Heindel, London, L. N. Flower & Co., 1911 (p.254)

  16. Evening Post (Somerset), 22 August 1888

  17. Bradford Observer, Tuesday, 8 January 1889

  18. Western Advertiser, 9 January 1889

  19. The Masonic Why and Wherefore, by W. Bro. J. S. M. Ward, London, 1929 (pp.5–7)

  20. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 1, 1886–1888 (p.198)

  21. Ibid.

  22. The Freemason, 17 November 1888

  23. Found at Cage Lane, Plumstead, London

  24. Mailed from Paddington to Commercial Street police station, Whitechapel

  25. Manchester Courier, 20 November 1888. Note: On the following day a young woman passed a threatening letter she’d received to the Manchester Police. Signed ‘Jack the Ripper’ and ‘couched in the usual language’, its author claimed immunity from arrest because he had ‘squared the police’. This was either another remarkable telepathic communication between the Ripper and his provincial fanbase, or it was penned by the same correspondent who about a month before had written to Superintendent Foster of the City Police: ‘Has it not occurred to you that your men are unable to find “Jack” because he “Mitre Square’d” them?’ (16 October 1888)

  26. Ballad Concert, St James’s Hall, London (programme singing with Sims Reeves). The Times, Wednesday, 12 November 1888

  27. Glasgow Herald, Friday, 23 November 1888

  28. Edinburgh Evening News, Wednesday, 21 November 1888 (announcing concert)

  29. Sheffield & Rotherham Independent, Thursday, 22 November 1888 (announcing concert)

  30. London Ballad Concert programme, St James’s Hall, 28 November 1888

  31. Amy Maine interview (aged ninety-one), recorded July 1985 by Roger Wilkes (p.4). ‘He used to tell little anecdotes about staying [in] a place where there was a coffin under the bed with a body in it.’

  32. Etched in Arsenic: A New Study of the Maybrick Case, by Trevor L. Christie, George G. Harrap & Co., London, 1969 (p.63)

  33. The Maybrick Case, by Alexander William Macdougall, 1891. Evidence of Elizabeth Humphreys at the ‘trial’ (p.351)

  34. Isle of Wight Observer, Saturday, 20 September 1913, and Great Thoughts From Masterminds, Vol. 5, 1913 (p.393)

  35. The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, by T. Smollet M.D., Cochrane & Pickersgill, London, 1831 (p.338)

  36. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, edited by H. B. Irving (p.31). ‘I mentioned it at Christmas time, when I asked him to come up to London to see Dr. Fuller.’

  37. Great True Crime Stories, selected and edited by Pamela Search, Avco Publications, London, 1957, Vol.2 (p.133)

  38. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Saturday, 29 December 1888

  39. The Savage Club, by Aaron Watson, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1907 (p.307)

  40. Bradford Post Office Directory, 1894 (p.39). Carlo Fara joined the Shakespeare Lodge on 8 April 1885

  41. The Magicians of the Golden Dawn, 1887–1923, by Ellic Howe, Routledge, Kegan Paul, London, 1972 (p.54)

  42. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Bradford, Saturday, 29 December 1888

  43. Bradford Observer, Tuesday, 1 January 1889

  44. Ibid.

  45. Mysteries of Police and Crime, by Major Arthur Griffiths, Castle & Company, London, 1902, Vol. 1 (p.35). This is generally considered its first appearance in print, but see The Referee, 22 January 1899: ‘Almost immediately after this murder he drowned himself in the Thames.’

  46. Bradford Observer, Tuesday, 1 January 1889

  47. Bradford Observer, Wednesday, 2 January 1889

  48. Ibid.

  49. Richardson’s Monitor of Free-Masonry, by Jabez Richardson, Dick & Fitzgerald, New York, 1860 (pp109–10). See also: Ritual of Freemasonry, by Avery Allyn, Boston, 1831 (p.223 et seq.)

  50. Masonic Records 1717–1894, by John Lane, F.C.A., Freemasons’ Hall, London, 1895 (p.22)

  51. The Judy, 3 October 1888

  52. Pall Mall Gazette, 8 October 1888 (p.3)

  53. New York Herald, 10 November 1888

  54. New York Herald, 1 October 1888

  55. New York Daily Tribune, 18 September 1889

  56. Bradford Citizen, Saturday, 5 January 1889

  57. Leeds Evening Express, Saturday, 29 December 1888

  58. Bradford Observer, Monday, 31 December 1888

  59. (Bradford) Herald, Friday, 4 January 1889

  60. Bucke did not turn the body, meaning he was looking at the front of it

  61. (Bradford) Herald, Friday, 4 January 1889

  62. Yorkshire Post, Tuesday, 1 January 1889

  63. The name is spelled BARRIT in the 1881 census, and also on his gravestone. He died aged sixty-two on 26 September 1927

  64. West Yorkshire Pioneer, Friday, 4 January 1889

  65. Leeds Mercury, weekly supplement, Saturday, 5 January 1889

  66. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Monday, 31 December 1888

  67. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Saturday, 29 December 1888

  68. Otley News, Friday, 4 January 1889

  69. (Bradford) Herald, 14 January 1889

  70. Yorkshire Post, Wednesday, 2 January 1889

  71. Illustrated Police News, Saturday, 5 January 1889

  72. Bradford Observer, Monday, 7 January 1889

  73. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Tuesday, 1 January 1889

  74. Ibid.

  75. Keighley Evening News, Saturday, 12 January 1889

  76. Bradford Telegraph, Monday, 31 December 1888

  77. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 3 January 1889

  78. History of the Royal Yorkshire Lodge (Minutes of 1 August), 19 July 1887 (p.50)

  79. William Thomas McGowan, Bradford Lodge of Hope, was Senior Warden in 1883. Lodge records (p.20)

  80. The Magicians of the Golden Dawn, by Ellic Howe (p.111)

  81. Bradford Observer, 3 January 1889

  82. Ibid.

  83. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Bradford, Saturday, 5 January 1889

  84. Illustrated Police News, 5 January 1889

  85. Bradford Daily Telegraph, 28 February 1889

  86. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 8 January 1889

  87. Keighley News, 19 January 1889

  88. Ibid.

  89. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Thursday, 17 January 1889

  90. Illustrated (Bradford) Weekly Telegraph, 19 January 1889

  91. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Wednesday, 16 January 1889

  92. The Great Beast: The Life of Aleister Crowley, by John Symonds, Rider & Company, London, 1951 (p.24)

  93. Bradford Observer, Wednesday, 13 March 1889

  94. Bradford Citizen, Saturday, 5 January 1889

  95. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Tuesday, 14 March 1889

  96. Leeds Evening Express, Saturday, 29 December 1888

  97. i) Bro Alderman Thomas Hill: Past Grand Warden Scientific Lodge No. 439 (Centenary History of the Scientific Lodge): Bradford Telegraph, 7 November 1885, and Worshipful Master, Bradford Lodge of Hope, 1883 (obituary in Bradford Observer, 2 October 1891)

  ii) Alderman John Hill: unknown whether he was a Freemason

  iii) Bro William Oddy: listed as a visitor to Acacia Lodge, No. 2321 (The Freemason, 12 November 1892); his grave at Undercliff Cemetery, Bradford, is engraved with the Freemasonic symbol of the compass and the square

  iv) Bro John Ambler: Bradford Lodge of Hope (Lodge records, p.20)

  v) Bro John Armitage: Bradford Lodge of Hope, and its Worshipful Master in 1894 (ibid.)

  vi) Bro James Freeman: Past Master, Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 1648 (Bradford Contemporary Biographies – Legal, circa 1890, Keighley Public Lib
rary, p.221)

  98. Otley News, 4 January 1889: ‘The Bradford and London police have been in active communication.’

  99. Home Office Confidential Entry Books, 1 November 1887–30 November 1890 (p.407: ‘Murder of J. Gill at Bradford’)

  100. Salisbury: Victorian Titan, by Andrew Roberts (p.448)

  101. Bradford Pioneer, Friday, 18 January 1889

  102. Ibid.

  103. Shipley Times, Saturday, 12 January 1889

  104. West Yorkshire Archive, Wakefield: A250/4 1859–1898. Disciplinary/Defaulters Book, Bradford City Police. PC171, Arthur Kirk, was fined two shillings for the offence.

  105. Shipley Times, 12 January 1889

  106. Hand-delivered letter to the coroner, Bradford Daily Telegraph, 25 January 1889

  107. Ibid.

  108. Keighley Herald, 15 March 1889

  109. Ibid.

  110. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Monday, 18 March 1889

  111. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 10 January 1889

  112. Bradford Observer, Friday, 11 January 1889

  113. Ibid.

  114. Keighley Gazette, Thursday, 17 January 1889

  115. Keighley News, Saturday, 12 January 1889

  116. Bradford Observer, Monday, 14 January 1889

  117. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Saturday, 25 January 1889

  118. Keighley News, 9 February 1889

  119. (JTR Letter) Sent from Alma Road N. Jany 1888 [sic: 1889]

  Note: On 15 January 1889, Jack the Ripper wrote, ‘I ripped up/little boy in Bradford,’ signed Jack Bane. (‘Bane’ means ruin, death, or destruction – Anglo-Saxon, bana, a murder)

  120. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Thursday, 14 March 1889

  121. Ibid.

  122. À propos of his membership of the Salvation Army, Dyer had sent a letter to the Bradford Observer on 13 February 1889 (p.7):

  ‘On Monday last, we published a statement from a correspondent to the effect that the man Dyer, a witness in the Manningham murder case, was not connected with the Salvation Army. This has drawn forth the following extraordinary communication, which reached us last night:–

  “Dear Captan of the salvation Army, I ham so glad that you have put in the paper that I never was a member of your Low lot of people only if captan hagget was her he would have no me. But it will save Late salvation John Thomas Dyer a lot of Penny and shillins in his pocket and it will make me into a gentleman and the money that I youst to give to keepe Black pudin Lucey and orane harert and Big Lazy followrs of Captons and Low peple it will take me to Liverpool from a week or tow.

  From the Late Salvation Jony Thomas Dyer

  Think of me on the happy shore by and …”’

  123. Keighley News, 30 March 1889

  124. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Wednesday, 13 March 1889

  125. (JTR) Letter to City Police Office, 18 October 1888. Police Box 318. No. 215

  Chapter 17: ‘The Spirit of Evil’

  1. Post-trial affidavit of John Flemming, in The Necessity For Criminal Appeal as Illustrated by the Maybricks Case, edited by J. H. Levy, London, P. S. King and Son, Orchard House, Westminster, 1899 (p.484)

  2. Evidence of Edward Heaton – p.192, The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving, 1912 (Heaton’s shop was opposite the Cotton Exchange, now ‘right across the street’; reported in New York Herald, 21 August 1889)

  3. The Maybrick Case, by Alexander William Macdougall, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London, 1891 (p.76)

  4. Liverpool Daily Post, 8 September 1889; also Macdougall (p.75)

  5. Affidavit of Valentine Blake, J. H. Levy (pp.477–84)

  6. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving (p.58)

  7. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889

  8. New York Herald, Wednesday, 14 August 1889

  9. A barrister since 26 January 1871, practising out of Lincoln’s Inn, London. The Lawyer’s Companion and Diary, 1890 (p.65)

  10. Letter from Schweisso to Alexander Macdougall, London, 19 January 1890, Macdougall (pp.16–17)

  11. Letter from Charles Ratcliffe to John Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889 (Trevor Christie Collection)

  12. Evidence of Alice Yapp at magisterial inquiry, Macdougall (p.503), Irving (p.64)

  13. In the weekly The Freemason for 28 December 1889 is an end-of-year round-up of all Freemasons who died between January and December 1889. James Maybrick is not included in this list

  14. The Keystone, a Masonic weekly newspaper published in Philadelphia, USA, 30 September 1882

  15. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Trevor Christie (Trevor Christie Collection)

  16. Ibid.

  17. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889

  18. Letter from Caroline, Baroness von Roques, to the Prince of Wales. Dated 15 May 1891 (Courtesy of the Library of Freemasons’ Hall, GBR 1991 FMH HC9/C/31a-d)

  19. Letter from ‘Marlborough House’ to Shadwell Clerke, 16 May 1891. Return letter from Colonel Shadwell Clerke, dated 21 June 1891 – ‘Matter a legal one in which it’s impossible that H. R. H. can interfere.’

  20. The House of Lords, by Thomas Alfred Spaulding, T. Fisher Unwin, 1884 (p.123)

  Chapter 18: ‘The Maybrick Mystery’

  1. Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, by Leon Radzinowicz, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1957 (p.30)

  2. Ibid. (p.33)

  3. The Marquis of Salisbury, by Frederick Douglas How, Isbister & Co. Limited, London, 1902 (p.20)

  4. Radzinowicz (p.35)

  5. Ibid. (p.8)

  6. The Life of Sir Fitzjames Stephen, by his brother, Leslie Stephen, Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1895 (p.302)

  7. Prince Eddy and the Homosexual Underworld, by Theo Aronson, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995

  8. Radzinowicz (p.15)

  9. Politics and Law in the Life of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, by John Hostettler, Barry Rose Law Publishers Ltd, Chichester, England, 1995 (p.243)

  10. Radzinowicz (p.15)

  11. Sir Fitzjames Stephen, Summing up to Jury, Irving (p.352)

  12. Washington Evening Star, 20 August 1889

  13. 30 April 1889, Macdougall (p.73)

  14. Ibid. (p.74)

  15. The Life of Lord Russell of Killowen, by R. Barry O’Brien, Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1902. O’Brien writes, ‘When the Pigott [Parnell] crisis was over, I called on Russell. He was a new man. All traces of stress and anxiety had disappeared. He looked happy and joyous’ (p.243)

  16. The Life of Edward VII, J. Castell Hopkins, 1910 (p.209)

  17. Macdougall (p.410)

  18. Ibid. (p.576)

  19. Ibid.

  20. The Necessity for Criminal Appeal as Illustrated by the Maybrick Case, by J. H. Levy, P. S. King & Son, London, 1899 (p.vii)

  21. Sir Charles Russell’s letter to Sir Matthew White Ridley, 21 November 1895. Received Home Office 26 November 1895. HO code: A50678D-267

  22. Evidence of Mary Cadwallader, Macdougall, 1891 (p.480)

  23. Macdougall (p.469)

  24. Evidence of Alice Yapp, given at the magisterial inquiry, Macdougall (p.477)

  25. Macdougall, 1896 (p.118)

  26. Ibid. (p.123)

  27. Macdougall, 1891 (pp.476–7)

  28. The Student’s Hand-Book of Forensic Medicine and Medical Police, by H. Aubrey Husband, E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1877 (pp.287–8)

  29. Ibid.

  30. Dr Humphreys’ evidence at inquest, Macdougall, 1896 (p.123)

  31. Macdougall, 1891 (p.53)

  32. Macdougall, 1896 (p.19)

  33. Macdougall, 1891 (p.54)

  34. Ibid. (p.72)

  35. Macdougall, 1896 (p.121)

  36. Stamped: Received, Home Office, 20 August 1889: A50678D

  37. Edwin gave evidence that the only days lunch was taken to the office were Wednesday, 1 May and Thursday, 2 May. Macdougall (p.78)

  38. Her affairs with Edwin Maybrick and Williams (a London lawyer) were not made public as was that with Brierley. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Christie (Trevor Christie Collecti
on)

  39. Statement by Robert Edwin Reeves (Convict 289) given at H.M. Prison, Lewes, Sussex, on 27 January 1894. Stamped: Home Office, 1 February 1894. HO 144/1639/A50678

  40. Ibid.

  41. Ibid.

  42. Ibid.

  43. Home Office: 30 January 1894. HO 144/1638 A50678D/16

  44. Macdougall, 1891 (p.241)

  45. Records of Liverpool Cotton Association Limited. Board Meeting: ‘Transfer of shares from James Maybrick (decd) to Edwin Maybrick.’ (Board Minute Book/Vol.2/6 Dec 1888–15 Oct 1894)

  46. Dr Humphreys in his evidence said, ‘If Mrs Maybrick said her husband was not to take any drink, except as a gargle, she was carrying out my orders.’ Macdougall, 1896 (p.188)

  47. Liverpool Courier, 29 June 1889

  48. Letter from Charles Ratcliffe to John Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889

  49. Macdougall, 1891 (pp.315–17)

  50. Ibid. (p.82)

  51. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Trevor Christie, circa 1942 (Trevor Christie Collection)

  52. Affidavit of Alfred Brierley, n. d. but August 1889. Macdougall, 1896 (p.221)

  53. Liverpool Daily Post, 3 June 1889

  54. Cover of New Statesman magazine, 15 March 1985

  55. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Trevor Christie (Christie Collection)

  56. Etched in Arsenic by Trevor Christie, 1968 (p.56)

  57. Liverpool Daily Post, 14 August 1889 (See Macdougall, 1896, p.78). Note: In his evidence at cross-examination, Michael Maybrick said the opposite, claiming, on Wednesday, 8 May, that Mrs Briggs had sent him a telegram (Irving, p.24). Who informed Michael Maybrick that his brother was ‘very ill’ on Tuesday, 7 May? In evidence given at the ‘trial’, Dr Humphreys deposed: ‘on Tuesday (7 May) I saw Mr. Maybrick in the morning and he appeared better. He said, “Humphreys, I am quite a different man all together today.”’

  58. Liverpool Daily Post, 14 August 1889

  59. Irving (p.72)

  60. Yapp’s deposition at magisterial hearing. Macdougall, 1896 (p.41)

  61. Alice Yapp’s evidence at the ‘trial’. Irving (p.66)

  62. Ibid.

  63. Ibid.

  64. Accusations that Yapp was spying on behalf of Michael Maybrick are plausible. Nurse Over, who preceded Yapp as the children’s nanny, speaks of her as ‘“of an exceedingly prying nature, and says that on several occasions the cook, Humphreys, said that she opened letters, and that as soon as Mrs. Maybrick’s back was turned, she was prying about in her room. The letter Mrs. Maybrick sent for reference for the girl Parker, she held over a kettle, steamed it, and opened it so as to know what she had said.” Over’s impression of Alice Yapp is confirmed by a Mr M. R. Levy, who has made a statement, which is interesting in view of the increasing public interest in Alice Yapp. He says: “Last October I went to Battlecrease to see Mrs. Maybrick and found she had gone to Southport. I asked if I might write a letter to her, and was shown into a room for that purpose. I wrote the letter supposing I was alone in the room. Just as I had finished something caused me to turn, and I found Alice Yapp leaning over my shoulder and perusing the letter. It made me so angry that I struck her.”’ New York Herald, Sunday, 18 August 1889