77. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 4 Mar., Cincinnati Commercial, 6 Mar. 1861.
78. Washington correspondence by John Hay, 26 Feb., New York World, 28 Feb. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 46.
79. Greeley to Beman Brockway, Washington, 28 Feb. 1861, Greeley Papers, DLC.
80. Frederick W. Seward, William H. Seward: An Autobiography from 1801 to 1834 with a Memoir of His Life and Selections from His Letters (3 vols.; New York: Derby and Miller, 1891), 2:511.
81. Charles Francis Adams diary, 28 Feb. 1861, Adams Family Papers, MHi.
82. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:391–392 (entry for 3 Dec. 1865).
83. Seward to Lincoln, Washington, 2 Mar. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
84. Reply to Mayor James G. Berret at Washington, DC, 27 Feb. 1861, CWL, 4:246–247.
85. Norman B. Judd, interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 28 Feb. 1876, Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 47.
86. F. B. Sanborn, Recollections of Seventy Years (2 vols.; Boston: R. G. Badger, 1909), 1:26–27.
87. CWL, 4:273.
88. John Bigelow diary, 27 Mar. 1861, New York Public Library.
89. Seward to his wife, Washington, 8 Mar. 1861, Seward, William H. Seward, 2:518.
90. J. W. Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase (New York: D. Appleton, 1874), 207; Charles Francis Adams diary, 5 Mar. 1861, Adams Family Papers, MHi.
91. James G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield (2 vols.; Norwich, CT: Henry Bill, 1884–1886), 1:286.
92. Louisville Journal, n.d., copied in the Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 11 Mar. 1861.
93. New York Herald, 28 June 1858.
94. Reminiscences of George B. Loring, New York Tribune, 9 Aug. 1885.
95. Washington National Intelligencer, 5 Mar. 1861.
96. Washington correspondence, 4 Mar., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 Mar. 1861.
97. Hay, “The Heroic Age in Washington,” in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 119.
98. Charles Francis Adams diary, 4 Mar. 1861, Adams Family Papers, MHi.
99. Cincinnati Commercial, 11 Mar. 1861.
100. Montgomery Meigs to his brother, John F. Meigs, Washington, 4 Mar. 1861, Meigs Papers, DLC.
101. John Z. Goodrich to John A. Andrew, Washington, 4 Mar. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
102. Washington correspondence, 4 Mar., New York Times, 5 Mar. 1861; New York Commercial Advertiser, 7 Mar. 1861; Washington National Intelligencer, 5 Mar. 1861; Gustave Koerner to his daughter Sophie, Washington, 4 Mar. 1861, in Thomas J. McCormack, ed., Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809–1896 (2 vols.; Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch Press, 1909), 2:118; Washington correspondence by J. Teasdale, editor of the Iowa State Register, 4 Mar., Iowa State Register (Des Moines), 20 Mar. 1861; The Liberator (Boston), 8 Mar. 1861; Edwin Greble to Mrs. Susan V. Greble, Baltimore, 4 Mar. 1861, Edwin Greble Papers, DLC.
103. Dodge to his wife Annie, Washington, 4 Mar. 1861, typescript in “Data Chronologically arranged for ready reference in preparation of a Biography of Grenville Mellen Dodge,” Dodge Papers, Iowa State Archives, Des Moines.
104. Manuscript reminiscences of John Caldwell Tidball, 124–127, DLC; Washington correspondence by Weed, 4 Mar., Albany Evening Journal, 6 Mar. 1861.
105. Washington correspondence, 6 Mar., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 10 Mar. 1861.
106. Washington correspondence, 5 Mar., New York Commercial Advertiser, 7 Mar. 1861.
107. Washington National Republican, 5 Mar. 1861.
108. Washington correspondence, 4 Mar., New York Times, 5 Mar. 1861; Koerner, Memoirs, 2:118; Washington correspondence, 6 Mar., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 10 Mar. 1861.
109. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, Special Senate Session, 1436–1439 (6 Mar. 1861).
110. Stanton to Buchanan, Washington, 12 Mar. 1861, Buchanan Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
111. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 23 Mar. 1861; New York Herald, 6 Mar. 1861.
112. Fiske, “When Lincoln Was First Inaugurated,” 8; [Mary Abigail Dodge], Gail Hamilton’s Life in Letters (2 vols.; Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1901), 1:314.
113. George A. Sala, Washington correspondence, n.d., London Telegraph, n.d., copied in the Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 2 Apr. 1864.
114. Charles Francis Adams diary, 4 Mar. 1861, Adams Family Papers, MHi.
115. New York Herald, 6 Mar. 1861.
116. A. Oakey Hall, “The Great Lincoln Inauguration,” Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly 43 (Mar. 1897): 259.
117. Fiske, “When Lincoln Was First Inaugurated,” 8.
118. New York correspondence, 5 Mar., Washington States and Union, 6 Mar. 1861.
119. Isaac Sherman to Francis P. Blair, Sr., New York, 8 Mar. 1861, Blair-Lee Family Papers, Princeton University.
120. Montgomery correspondence, 7 Mar., Baltimore American, 12 Mar. 1861.
121. Benjamin Brown French, Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee’s Journal, 1828–1870, ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1989), 348 (entry for 6 Mar. 1861).
122. Ryland Fletcher to [Joseph] Barrett, Proctorsville, 9 Mar. 1861, Lincoln Collection, RPB.
123. Providence Journal, 5 Mar. 1861.
124. Justin S. Morrill to his wife, Washington, 5 Mar. 1861, Morrill Papers, DLC.
125. Albany Evening Journal, 5 Mar. 1861.
126. Samuel R. Curtis journal, 4 Mar. 1861, IHi.
127. New York Tribune, 5, 6 Mar. 1861.
128. New York Times, 5, 6 Mar. 1861.
129. Boston Atlas and Bee, 5 Mar. 1861.
130. Philadelphia correspondence, n.d., National Anti-Slavery Standard, (New York), 9 Mar. 1861.
131. Jersey City American Standard, 5 Mar. 1861, Howard Cecil Perkins, ed., Northern Editorials on Secession (2 vols.; New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1942), 1:625–626.
132. J. C. Welling to Charles Sumner, n.p., [5 Mar. 1861?], Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
133. Vallandigham, The Record of Hon. C. L. Vallandigham on Abolitionism, the Union, and the Civil War (6th ed.; Columbus, OH: J. Walter, 1863), 99.
134. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., Diary of George Templeton Strong, 1835–1875 (4 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1952), 3:106 (entry for 5 Mar. 1861).
135. New York Daily News, 5 Mar. 1861.
136. H. D. Faulkner to Lincoln, New York, 5 Mar. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
137. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 16 Mar. 1861.
138. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., diary entry for 4 Mar. 1861, Adams Family Papers, MHi.
139. Edward Everett journal, 4 Mar. 1861, Everett Papers, MHi.
140. Washington correspondence, 5 Mar., Charleston Mercury, 9 Mar. 1861.
141. Charleston Mercury, 5 Mar. 1861.
142. Washington States and Union, 21 Mar. 1861.
143. Wigfall to F. W. Pickens, Washington, 4 Mar. 1861, Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, I, 1:261 (hereafter OR).
144. John A. Campbell to his mother, Washington, 6 Mar. 1861, Campbell Papers, Alabama State Archives, copy, Doubleday-Catton Collection, DLC.
145. Lucius Quinton Washington to L. Pope Walker, Washington, 5 Mar. 1861, OR, I, 1:263.
146. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 9 Mar. 1861; Oliver Johnson to J. Miller McKim, [New York], 28 Mar. 1861, Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Manuscript Collection, Cornell University.
147. Douglass’ Monthly 3 (Apr. 1861):475.
148. Lydia Maria Child to John Greenleaf Whittier, Wayland, Massachusetts, 21 Jan. 1862, Child Papers, DLC.
149. The Liberator (Boston), 8 Mar. 1861; diary of Samuel J. May, 4 Mar. 1861, May Papers, Cornell University.
150. Wright to Chase, n.p., 7 Mar. 1861, Mary Scrugham, The Peaceable Americans of 1860–1861: A Study in Public Opinion (New York: Columbia University Press,
1921), 88.
151. Oliver Johnson to J. Miller McKim, New York, 7 Mar. 1861, Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Manuscript Collection, Cornell University.
152. London Times, 19 Mar. 1861.
153. London Punch, 30 Mar. 1861, in Herbert Mitgang, ed., Abraham Lincoln, A Press Portrait: His Life and Times from the Original Newspaper Documents of the Union, the Confederacy, and Europe (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 249.
154. Paris La Patrie, 29 Mar. 1861, ibid., 249.
155. George S. Converse to S. S. Cox, Columbus, 5 Mar. 1861, Cox Papers, RPB.
156. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 6 Mar. 1861.
157. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, Special Senate Session, 1439 (6 Mar. 1861).
158. John E. Wool to Sarah Wool, Washington, 5 Mar. 1861, Wool Papers, New York State Library.
159. Washington correspondence, 4 Mar., Alexandria, Virginia, Gazette, 5 Mar. 1861.
160. Robert Y. Conrad to E. P. W. Conrad, Richmond, 6 Mar. 1861, “The Break-Up of a Nation: Robert Y. Conrad’s Letters at the Virginia Secession Convention,” Winchester-Frederick Historical Society Journal 8 (1994–1995):4
161. James C. Taylor to Stephen A. Douglas, Christiansburg, Virginia, 18 Mar. 1861, Douglas Papers, University of Chicago.
162. Baltimore Sun, 5, 6 Mar. 1861.
163. Washington correspondence by J. Teasdale, editor of the Iowa State Register, 4 March, Iowa State Register (Des Moines), 20 Mar. 1861.
164. Missouri Republican (St. Louis), n.d., copied in Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 7 Mar. 1861.
165. Baltimore correspondence, 4 Mar., Cincinnati Gazette, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 7 Mar. 1861.
166. John Pendleton Kennedy journal, 4, 5 Mar. 1861, and Kennedy to George S. Bryan, Baltimore, 15 Mar. 1861, letterpress copy, Kennedy Papers, Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore; Kennedy to [Abram] Comingo, Baltimore, 9 Mar. 1861, Civil War Papers, Maryland Historical Society.
167. Baltimore American, 5 Mar. 1861.
168. Baltimore Clipper, 9 Mar. 1861.
169. Gilmer to Stephen A. Douglas, Greensboro, 8 Mar. 1861, Douglas Papers, University of Chicago.
170. Raleigh Standard, 9 Mar., copied in the New York Daily News, 12 Mar. 1861.
171. Worth to his brother, Asheboro, 16 Mar. 1861, in Joseph Grégoire de Roulhac Hamilton, ed., The Correspondence of Jonathan Worth (2 vols; Raleigh: Edwards & Broughton, 1909), 1:134.
172. Nashville Republican Banner, 6 Mar. 1861.
173. Knoxville Whig, 9 Mar., copied in the Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 16 Mar. 1861.
174. Washington Daily Globe, 6 Mar. 1861.
175. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 4, 5 Mar., Boston Journal, 5 Mar. 1861.
176. Louisville Democrat, 6 Mar. 1861.
177. Mobile Register, n.d., quoted in the Louisville Democrat, 12 Mar. 1861.
178. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Washington], 20 Mar. 1861, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
179. Washington correspondence, 4 Mar., New York Times, 5 Mar. 1861.
180. Thomas A. R. Nelson to W. G. Brownlow, Jonesboro, Tennessee, 13 Mar. 1861, Knoxville Tri-Weekly Whig, 16 Mar. 1861.
181. Message to Congress, 4 July 1861, CWL, 4:424.
Chapter 21. “A Man So Busy Letting Rooms in One End of His House”
1. Memorandum by John G. Nicolay, 3 July 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 46.
2. Henry J. Raymond, The Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Derby and Miller, 1865), 720.
3. Francis B. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln: The Story of a Picture (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 276.
4. Robert Wilson to William H. Herndon, Sterling, Illinois, 10 Feb. 1866, Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI](Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 207.
5. Columbus Ohio Statesman, 8 Nov. 1860.
6. Charles E. Stuart to Jacob Thompson, Kalamazoo, 30 Apr. 1857, quoted in David Edward Meerse, “James Buchanan, the Patronage, and the Northern Democratic Party, 1857–1858” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1969), 44–45.
7. Muriel Bernitt, ed., “Two Manuscripts of Gideon Welles,” New England Quarterly 11 (1938):594.
8. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 7 Mar., Cincinnati Commercial, 8 Mar. 1861.
9. Hanscom quoted in Ben: Perley Poore, “Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” in James Parton, ed., Some Noted Princes, Authors, and Statesmen of Our Time (Norwich, CT: Henry Bill, 1886), 352.
10. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 8 Mar., Cincinnati Commercial, 9 Mar. 1861.
11. Seward to his wife, Washington, 16 Mar. 1861, Frederick W. Seward, William H. Seward: An Autobiography from 1801 to 1834 with a Memoir of His Life and Selections from His Letters (3 vols.; New York: Derby and Miller, 1891), 2:530.
12. Schuyler Colfax to his mother, Washington, n.d. [mid-Mar. 1861], O. J. Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1886), 173.
13. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 6 Apr. 1861.
14. John Hay to William Leete Stone, Washington, 15 Mar. 1861, Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 5.
15. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 24 Mar. 1861, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 31.
16. “White House Sketches, No. 13,” New York Citizen, 24 Nov. 1866, in William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War-Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 199.
17. John Hay, “The Heroic Age in Washington,” lecture of 1871, in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 126.
18. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 21 Jan., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 24 Jan. 1863.
19. Washington correspondence, 12, 22 Mar., Cincinnati Gazette, 13, 25 Mar. 1861.
20. “A Disappointed Office-seeker Discourseth to his Brothers,” Washington, 20 Mar., New York Evening Post, 26 Mar. 1861.
21. Schurz to his wife, Alton, 25 July 1860, in Frederic Bancroft, ed., Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz (6 vols.; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913), 1:120.
22. Washington correspondence, 18 Mar., New York Tribune, 19 Mar. 1861.
23. John Hay, “The Heroic Age in Washington,” Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 125.
24. Herndon, “Lincoln’s Individuality,” Emanuel Hertz, ed., The Hidden Lincoln: From the Letters and Papers of William H. Herndon (New York: Viking, 1938), 418.
25. Henry Clay Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (1892; Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1940), 438–439.
26. Washington correspondence, 18 Mar., New York Tribune, 19 Mar. 1861.
27. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 14 Mar., Cincinnati Commercial, 15 Mar. 1861.
28. Washington correspondence, 24 Mar., Philadelphia Press, 25 Mar. 1861.
29. Hawkins Taylor to William Butler, Washington, 22 Mar. 1861, O. M. Hatch Papers, IHi.
30. Fessenden to Elizabeth Warriner, Washington, 17 Mar. 1861, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
31. Henry Villard, Memoirs of Henry Villard, Journalist and Financier: 1838–1900 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 1:156.
32. Helen Nicolay, Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Century, 1912), 259.
33. New York Times, 4 Apr. 1861.
34. Washington correspondence, 18 Mar., New York Herald, 19 Mar. 1861.
35. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, Special Senate Session, 1496 (23 Mar. 1861).
36. Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, Quincy, Illinois, 26 Mar. 1861,
AL MSS DLC.
37. William O. Stoddard, “White House Sketches, No. 2,” New York Citizen, 25 Aug. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House, ed. Burlingame, 151, 57; Robert Colby to Lincoln, New York, 18 May 1861, AL MSS DLC; Washington correspondence by Noah Brooks, 7 Nov., Sacramento Daily Union, 4 Dec. 1863, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 83.
38. John Russell Young, “Lincoln as He Was,” Pittsburgh Dispatch, 23 Aug. 1891.
39. Stoddard, “White House Sketches, No. 2,” New York Citizen, 25 Aug. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House, ed. Burlingame, 151, 57.
40. William H. Osborn to N. P. Banks, New York, 26 Dec. 1863, Banks Papers, DLC.
41. John W. Starr, “Lincoln and the Office Seekers,” typescript dated 1936, addenda, p. 6, Lincoln files, “Patronage” folder, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee.
42. John Russell Young, “John Hay, Secretary of State,” Munsey’s Magazine, 8 Jan. 1929, 247; Young in the Philadelphia Evening Star, 22 Aug. 1891, p. 4, cc. 3–6, p. 4, c. 1; Young, writing in 1898, quoted in T. C. Evans, “Personal Reminiscences of John Hay,” Chattanooga, Tennessee, Sunday Times, 30 July 1905.
43. Joseph Bucklin Bishop, “A Friendship with John Hay,” Century Magazine 71 (Mar. 1906):778.
44. Mitchel to Hay, East Orange, New Jersey, 12 Feb. 1905, Hay Papers, RPB.
45. James T. DuBois and Gertrude S. Mathews, Galusha A. Grow: Father of the Homestead Law (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), 266–267.
46. Michael Burlingame, “The Authorship of the Bixby Letter,” in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 169–184.
47. Hay to Garfield, Washington, 16 Feb. 1881, Hay Papers, RPB.
48. Washington correspondence, 6 Mar., New York World, 8 Mar. 1861, Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 54.
49. Schuyler Colfax to [Daniel D. Pratt], Washington, 7 Dec. 1860, Pratt Papers, Indiana State Library, Indianapolis.
50. Hay, “Life in the White House in the Time of Lincoln,” Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 131–132.
51. Robert L. Wilson to William H. Herndon, Sterling, Illinois, 10 Feb. 1866, HI, 206–207.
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