Mileta, C. 1998. “Verschwoerung oder Eruption? Diodor und die byzantinischen Exzerptoren ueber den Ersten Sizilischen Sklavenkrieg”. In Dissertatiunculae criticae, Festschrift fuer Guenther Christian Hansen, C.-F. Collatz, J. Dummer, J. Kollesch, M.-L. Werlitz (eds), 133–53. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann.
Millar, F. 1964. A Study of Cassius Dio. Oxford: Clarendon Press..
Moles, J. L. 1988. The Life of Cicero, trans. with intro. and comm. Warminster: Aris & Phillips..
Morrow, G. R. 1939. Plato’s Law of Slavery and its Relation to Greek Law. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press..
Nikolaidis, A. G. 1988. “Is Plutarch Fair to Nikias?”. Illinois Classical Studies 13(2): 319–33.
Nippel, W. 1984. “Policing Rome”. Journal of Roman Studies 74: 20–29.
Nippel, W. 1988. Aufruhr und “Polizei” in der Römischen Republik. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta..
Oliva, P. 1971. Sparta and her Social Problems. Prague: Academia..
Parker, R. 1989. “Spartan Religion” In Classical Sparta: Techniques Behind her Success, A. Powell (ed.), 142–72. London: Routledge.
Parramore, T. C. 2003. “Covenant in Jerusalem”. In Nat Turner: A Slave Rebellion in History and Memory, K. S. Greenberg (ed.), 58–76. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Patterson, O. 1970. “Slavery and Slave Revolts: A Socio-Historical Analysis of the First Maroon War, Jamaica 1655–1740”. Social and Economic Studies 19(3): 289–325.
Patterson, O. 1977. “Slavery”. Annual Review of Sociology 3: 407–49.
Patterson, O. 1982. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press..
Patterson, O. 2003. “Reflections on Helotic Slavery and Freedom”. See Luraghi & Alcock (2003), 289–309.
Pavlovskaja, A. I. 1979. “Les recherches des historiens soviétiques sur l’esclavage en Grèce et dans le monde hellenistique”. See Bieżuńska-Małowist & Kolendo (1979), 23–33.
Pelling, C. 1989. “Plutarch: Roman Heroes and Greek Culture”. In Philosophia Togata: Essays on Philosophy and Roman Society, T. Griffin & J. Barnes (eds), 199–232. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Pelling, C. 1995. “Plutarch and Roman Politics” In Essays on Plutarch’s Lives, B. Scardigli (ed.), 319–59. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Piccinin, P. 2001. “Le Dionysisme dans le bellum Spartacium”. La Parola del Passato 5 6(4): 272–96.
Piccinin, P. 2004. “Les Italiens dans le Bellum Spartacium”. Historia 53: 173–99.
Powell, A. (ed.) 1989. Classical Sparta: Techniques Behind her Success. London: Routledge..
Powell, A. & S. Hodkinson 1994. The Shadow of Sparta. London: Routledge..
Powell, A. & S. Hodkinson (eds) 2002. Sparta: Beyond the Mirage. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales..
Powell, A. & K. Welch (eds) 2002. Sextus Pompeius. London: Duckworth..
Price, R. [1979] 1996. Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas (with new introduction). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press..
Price, R. 2003. “Maroons and their Communities”. In The Slavery Reader, G. Heuman & J. Walvin (eds), 608–25. London: Routledge.
Raaflaub, K. A. 2003. “Freedom for the Messenians? A Note on the Impact of Slavery and Helotage on the Greek Concept of Freedom”. See Luraghi & Alcock (2003), 169–90.
Raaflaub, K. A. 2004. The Discovery of Freedom in Ancient Greece, rev. and updated, R. Franciscono (trans.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. First published in German as Die Entdeckung der Freiheit (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1985)..
Raskolnikoff, M. 1975. La recherche soviétique et l’histoire économique et sociale du monde hellénistique et romain. Strasbourg: Association pour l’étude de la civilisation romaine..
Rice Holmes, T. 1923. The Roman Republic and the Founder of the Empire: From the Origins to 58 BC, vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
Rickman, G. 1980. The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Robert, L. & J. Robert 1989. Claros I: Décrets Hellénististiques. Paris: Editions de Recherche sur les Civilisations..
Robinson, E. S. G. 1954. “Cistophoroi in the name of King Eumenes”. Numismatic Chronicle 14 (6th series): 1–8.
Rossbach, O. (ed.) 1910. T. Livi periochae omnium librorum. Leipzig: Teubner..
Rousseau, J.-J. [1762] 1968. The Social Contract, M. Cranston (trans.). Harmondsworth: Penguin..
Rout, L. B. 1976. The African Experience in Spanish America: 1502 to the Present Day. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..
Rubinsohn, W. Z. 1971. “Was the Bellum Spartacium a Servile Insurrection?” Rivista di filologia e d’instruzione classica 99: 290–99.
Rubinsohn, W. Z. 1987. Spartacus’ Uprising and Soviet Historical Writing, J. G. Griffith (trans.) Oxford: Oxbow Books..
Rubinsohn, W. Z. 1993. Die grossen Sklavenaufstände der Antike: 500 Jahre Forschung, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft..
Rubinsohn, Z. 1970. “A Note on Plutarch, Crassus X.1”. Historia 19: 624–27.
Russell, D. A. 1973. Plutarch. London: Duckworth..
Sacks, K. 1990. Diodorus Siculus and the First Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press..
Scardigli, B. (ed.) 1995. Essays on Plutarch’s Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press..
Schofield, M. 1999. Saving the City: Philosopher-Kings and Other Classical Paradigms. London: Routledge..
Schwartz, S. B. 1992. Slaves, Peasants and Rebels: Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press..
Schwartz, S. B. 2003. “Resistance and Accommodation in Eighteenth-century Brazil”. In The Slavery Reader, G. Heuman & J. Walvin (eds), 626–34. London: Routledge.
Scullard, H. H. [1959] 1982. From the Gracchi to Nero, 5th edn. London: Routledge..
Shaw, B. D. 2001. Spartacus and the Slave Wars: A Brief History with Documents. Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s..
Sherk, R. K. 1969. Roman Documents from the Greek East: Senatus consulta and Epistulae to the Age of Augustus. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press..
Smith, N. D. 1991 “Aristotle’s Theory of Natural Slavery”. In A Companion to Aristotle’s Politics, D. Keyt & F. D. Miller (eds), 142–55. Oxford: Blackwell.
Štaerman, E. M. 1971. “Der Klassenkampf der Sklaven zur zeit des roemischen Kaeserreiches”. Jahrbuch fuer Wirtschaftsgeschichte 2: 307–35.
Štaerman, E. M. 1979. “L’étude de l’esclavage dans les prvinces romaines” See Bieżuńska-Małowist & Kolendo (1979), 35–46.
Stampacchia, G. 1976. La Tradizione della guerra di Spartaco da Sallustio a Orosio. Pisa: Giardini..
Stanev, N. 1981. “Un heros condamné: configurations a l’appréciation de la posterité” See Danov & Fol (1981), 95–101.
Ste Croix, G. E. M. de 1981. The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World: From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests. London: Duckworth..
Ste Croix, G. E. M. de 2002. “The Helot Threat”. See Whitby (2002), 190–95. First published in Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London: Duckworth, 1972).
Stone, S. 1994. “The Toga: From National to Ceremonial Costume”. In The World of Roman Costume, J. L. Sebesta & L. Bonfante (eds), 13–45. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Strasburger, H. 1965. “Poseidonios on Problems of the Roman Empire”. Journal of Roman Studies 55: 40–53.
Stylianou, P. J. 1998. A Historical Commentary on Diodorus Siculus, Book 15. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
Swain, S. C. R. 1990. “Hellenic Culture and the Roman Heroes of Plutarch”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 110: 126–45. Reprinted in Essays on Plutarch’s Lives, B. Scardigli (ed.), 229–64 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
Talbert, R. J. A. 1989. “The Role of Helots in the Class Struggle at Sparta”. Historia 38: 22–40.
Tarn, W. W. 1932. “Alexander Helios and the Golden Age”. Journal of Roman Studies 22: 135–60.
Thompson, F. H. 2003. The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Slavery. London: Duckworth..
Titchener, F. B. 1991. “Why d
id Plutarch Write about Nicias?”. Ancient History Bulletin 5: 153–8.
Todorov, T. 1981. “De l’Origine de Spartacus”. See Danov & Fol (1981), 199–201.
Treadgold, W. T. 1980. The Nature of the Bibliotheca of Photius. Washington, DC: Centre for Byzantine Studies, Dumbarton Oaks..
Urbainczyk, T. 2004. Spartacus. London: Duckworth..
van Wees, H. 2003. “Conquerors and Serfs: Wars of Conquest and Forced Labour in Archaic Greece”. See Luraghi & Alcock (2003), 33–80.
Vavrinek, V. 1975. “Aristonicus of Pergamum: Pretender to the Throne or Leader of a Slave Revolt?”. Eirene 13: 109–29.
Velkova, Z. 1981. “Der Name Spartakus”. See Danov & Fol (1981), 195–8.
Verbrugghe, G. P. 1972. “Sicily 210–70 BC: Livy, Cicero and Diodorus”. Transactions of the American Philological Association 103: 535–59.
Verbrugghe, G. P. 1973. “The ‘Elogium’ from Polla and the First Slave War”. Classical Philology 68: 25–35.
Verbrugghe, G. P. 1974. “Slave Rebellion or Sicily in Revolt?”. Kokalos 20: 46–60.
Verbrugghe, G. P. 1975. “Narrative Pattern in Posidonius’ History”. Historia 24: 198–204.
Vidal-Naquet, P. 1986. The Black Hunter: Forms of Thought and Forms of Society in the Greek World. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press..
Vogt, J. 1975. Ancient Slavery and the Ideal of Man, T. Wiedemann (trans.). Oxford: Blackwell. Originally published in German as Sklaverei und Humanität: Studien zur antiken Sklaverei und ihrer Erforschung (Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1965)..
Walbank, F. 2000. “Athenaeus and Polybius”. In Athenaeus and his World, D. Braund & J. Wilkins (eds), 161–9. Exeter: Exeter University Press.
Wallinga, H. T. 1992. “Bellum Spartacium: Florus’ Text and Spartacus’ Objective”. Athenaeum 70(80): 25–43.
Weber, M. 1976. The Agrarian Sociology of Ancient Civilisations, R. I. Frank (trans.). London: New Left Books..
Weiler, I. 2003. Die Beendigung des Sklavenstatus im Altertum. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Sozialgeschichte. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner..
Welwei, K.-W. 1974. Unfreie im antiken Kriegsdienst. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner..
Welwei, K.-W. 2004. “War die Krypteia ein grausames Terrorinstrument? Zur Entstehung einer Fiktion”. Laverna 15: 33–46.
Westermann, A. 1839. ΠΛΡΛΔΟΞΟΓΡΛΦΟΙ Scriptores Rerum Mirabilium Graeci. London.
Westermann, W. L. 1945. “Between Slavery and Freedom”. American Historical Review 50(2): 213–27.
Whitby, M. 1994. “Two Shadows: Images of Spartans and Helots”. In The Shadow of Sparta, A. Powell & S. Hodkinson (eds), 87–126. London: Routledge.
Whitby, M. (ed.) 2002. Sparta. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press..
Wiedemann, T. 1981. Greek and Roman Slavery. London: Routledge..
Wilson, N. G. 1994. Photius: The Bibliotheca. London: Duckworth..
Wyke, M. 1997. Projecting the Past. London: Routledge..
Yarrow, L. M. 2006. Historiography at the End of the Republic: Provincial Perspectives on Roman Rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
Yavetz, Z. 1988. Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Rome. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction..
Ziegler, K. 1955. “Die Herkunft des Spartacus”. Hermes 83: 248–50.
Index
Achaeus 55, 56
Acragas (Agrigentum) 12, 39, 86, 89
Africanus, Publius 13
Agrigentum see Acragas
Agyrium 81
Alexander the Great 70, 77, 114–15
Alexandria 71, 73
Andreau, J. 117, 119, 124
Antiochus see Eunus
Aptheker, H. 6, 7, 118, 120, 121
Appian Way 2
Appian 13, 22, 34, 46–8, 51
on the Roman Republic 102–7
on Spartacus 71–3
Aquillius, Manius 59, 62
armies see slave armies
Athenaeus 18, 25, 27, 29, 37, 53–4
on helots 95, 96
and Posidonius 83, 85–6
quotes Theopompus 91
Arethusa, fountain of 89
Aristonicus 14, 15, 16, 36, 43, 60–61, 87–8
in Appian’s history 105
in Augustine’s City of God 123
Aristotle 24, 73, 78, 79
describes slaves as animate tools 92
advises that slaves should not speak a common language 99, 123–4
Athenion 32, 45–6, 54, 57–60
Athens 12, 24
Laurion silver mines of 18
Athenians and Pelasgians 79
Antony, Mark 70
Attalus III 15, 61, 62
in Florus’ history 110
Attica 12, 18, 25, 126, 127
attitudes to slave revolts
ancient 1–9, 81–90, 100–115
modern 1–9, 100–115
Augustine 112, 113–15, 123
Augustus 22, 48, 66, 93, 104
in Florus’ history 108–9, 110
nicknamed Thurinus as a child 135
Baldwin, B. 64, 65, 126
Bales, K. 4, 119, 121
Beard, M. 103, 112–13
Blossius 43
Bradley, K. 18, 31–3, 40, 45, 48–50, 55, 58, 117, 121
Brazil 31–5, 120
Brundisium 23
Bulla Felix 52–3, 126
Cassius governor of Cisalpine Gaul 46
Caecilius of Kale Akte 18, 37
Caesar, Julius 23, 50, 81, 104, 113
in Florus’ history 110
Cambridge Ancient History 100–101
Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic 101
Capozza, M. 122
Capua 17, 22, 23, 48, 49, 71
Caribbean 6, 31
Cartledge, P. 119
Cassius Dio 52, 53
Catiline 23
in Florus’ history 108
Cato the Elder 99, 145
Chios 29–31, 37, 38, 53–4, 74
Chians 91
Cicero 23, 36, 37, 41, 43, 65, 68–70
using Spartacus as a comparison 78
Cilicia 11, 36, 37, 43, 110
Cilician 56, 57, 60
Cilician pirates 48
Cimbri 17, 19
Cinadon 26
Citizens of the City of the Sun see Heliopolitae
City of God see Augustine
City of the Sun see Heliopolitae
Claros 43
Cleon 12, 42, 54, 56, 58
brother of 139
Cleopatra 70
Colophon 36, 43
Communist Manifesto 2, 118
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Excerpts of 45, 55, 56, 63
and the text of Diodorus’ history 83–90, 122
Cossinius 46
Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi 68
Crassus, Marcus Licinius 22, 34, 47, 48, 61–2, 66–72, 102
in Orosius’ history 112
Crassus, Publius Licinius 61–2
Crawford, M. 103, 112–13
Crixus 22, 46, 51, 71
Crucifixion 2, 48, 60, 71, 112
Curtisius, Titus 23
Curtius Rufus, Quintus 77
Dahomay, J. 3, 118
Damophilus 11, 84–5
daughter of 82, 85, 86–7, 89
Deipnosophistae see Athenaeus
Delos 12, 18
Demeter 42
Demosthenes 25, 26
Descaut, R. 117, 119, 124
Digest 7, 79
Dio Cassius see Cassius Dio
Dio Chrysostom 76, 98
Diodorus Siculus passim but see especially 81–90
Dionysus 67, 143
Drimakos 30–31, 37, 38, 44, 53–4, 56, 74
Dubois, L. 35
Ducat, J. 92
Duff, T. 70
Engels, F. 2
Enna 11, 12, 38, 39, 44
Damophilus and Megallis from 84
Ephesus 25
Equites 11, 17
Eumenes 11, 15, 16
Epaminondas 27
Eunus 11, 41, 42, 45, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60
death of 138
as king 75
remembers favour 89
slaves approach 84
from Syria 83
Eutropius 66
Excerpts see Constantine
Farrington, B. 40
Figueira, T. 98
Finley, M. I. 2, 3, 4, 8, 100, 118, 121
Flaccus, Gaius Fulvius 13, 42, 106
Florus 37, 52, 60, 62
on the Roman Republic 107–11, 112, 113
Forrest, W. G. G. 122
freedom 1–9, 75–80
Frontinus 66
Genovese, E. 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 51, 118, 120
Glaber, Varinius 71
gladiators 8, 21, 22, 23, 49, 67, 71
goals of slaves see intentions of slaves
Gracchus, Gaius 11
in Florus’ history 108
his reforms 41
the Gracchi brothers 111, 123
Gracchus, Tiberius 13, 43, 100, 103, 104, 105, 113
in Florus’ history 108
in the Epitome of Livy 125
Green, P. 121, 122
Gregory of Nyssa 79
Griffith, J. G. 64, 101–2
Grünewald, T. 136, 146
Guide to Greece see Pausanias
Hermeias 85, 87, 139
Herodian 94
Haiti 8 see also St Domingue
Halicyae 19, 20, 21, 44
Hannibal 10, 136
Heliopolis 43, 125 see also Heliopolitae
Heliopolitae 15–16, 43
helots 3, 24–8, 37–8, 68, 73–4, 91–9
aims of 75
leaders of 73–4
status of 91–9
Herakleia 21
Herdonius 60
Herodotus 79, 136–7
Hesychius of Alexandria 73
historians 1–9, 81–90, 100–115
Hypsaeus, Lucius 39
Iambulus 43, 79
ideology 75–80
Ilhéus, Eugeno Santa of 33–4
intentions of slaves 75–80
Ithome, Mount 24, 27, 38, 128
Jamaica 5–6, 32, 120
Jugurtha 16
Justin 61, 79
Kubrick, S. 67
Laureion see Athens
leaders see slave leaders and Athenion, Cleon, Crixus, Eunus, Oenomaus, Salvius, Spartacus, Varius
Slave Revolts in Antiquity Page 25