29 IOL, LPS 5/363, Memo of Colonel Alexander Walker, 28 January 1810.
30 House of Commons Sessional Papers &c., 58, 12.
Part Two: The Conquest of India
1: No Retreat
1 Kaye, Life &c. . . . of John Malcolm, I, 320–1.
2 PRO, WO 1/357, 381–2.
3 British Parliamentary Papers: East India Company Affairs, 11, 824–5.
4 Gleig, I, 24.
5 Wellesley, II, 131.
6 Mathur, 11–12.
7 HMC, Bathurst, 363,
8 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,665, 10.
9 Asiatic Journal, 3rd series, I, 601.
10 James, Iron Duke &c., 77.
11 Hardinge, 36.
12 Wellesley, IV, 226–7.
13 Lenman, ‘The Weapons of War &c.’, JSAHR, LVI, passim.
14 PRO, Adm 2/5119.
15 PRO, WO 1/854, 519.
16 Hastings, I, 35; II, 101–2.
17 British Parliamentary Papers: East India Company Affairs, 11, 234.
18 Hastings, I, 36.
19 Blacker, 375.
20 Records of the Delhi Residency and Agency, 242–43.
21 Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, new series, XVII, 669.
22 Butler, 192, 194.
23 Hastings, I, vi.
24 Asiatic Journal, 3rd series, I, 69–70.
25 PRO, WO 104/440.
26 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,667, 12–12d; 13,707, 8–14.
27 SRO, Elphinstone, GD 46/17/42, 24 June 1813.
28 Kaye, Life &c. . . . of John Malcolm, I, 51n, 208, 259; II, 416.
29 Wellesley, V, 161.
30 Cobbett’s Parliamentary Debates, II, 22–3, 105, 372–3, 976, 1078.
31 Norris, 6.
32 Butler, 193.
33 Blackwood’s Magazine, 52, 608.
34 Gleig, I, 464.
35 Ellenborough, II, 61–2.
2: The Cossack and the Sepoy
1 Abbott, I, 82, 96, 97, 98.
2 Burnes, I, 296.
3 PRO, FO 65/276, 9 March 1841.
4 PRO, FO 65/286, 31 January 1842.
5 Connolly, I, 155.
6 Ibid., 327, 329, 382–3.
7 Burnes, II, 136.
8 Hopkirk, Great Game, 152.
9 Kaye, War in Afghanistan, II, 37.
10 Burnes, II, 217.
11 Wood, 371–2.
12 Mackinnon, I, 88.
13 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,322, 1–2, 9–10, 13d.
14 IOL, LPS, 5/363, 27 March 1810.
15 De Lacy Evans, 50–3.
16 Asiatic Journal, I, 216–17.
17 Hastings, II, 17, 35.
18 De Lacy Evans, 50–3.
19 SRO, Brunton, GD 214/677, 1.
20 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,322, 104d.
21 BL, Auckland, Add Mss 37,689, 11.
22 HMC, Wellington, 2, 457.
23 Nott, I, 47.
24 Norris, 83.
25 Fuller, 226.
26 Norris, 180.
27 Kaye, War in Afghanistan, I, 296–97.
28 Sterling, vi–vii, viii–ix.
29 Sala, 88.
30 Anon, Great Britain and Russia, 48.
31 Napier, 52.
32 Nott, I, 69.
33 Asiatic Journal, 3rd series, IV, 485–7, 491, 497–8.
34 Norris, 216, 218–19.
35 Nott, I, 100.
36 Burnes, II, 312.
37 Fane, II, 58.
38 NAM, Anon, 3rd NI, 85.
39 Kaye, War in Afghanistan, III, 32–3.
40 Mackinnon, I, 170–1.
41 BL, Broadfoot, Add Mss 40,182, 298.
42 PRO, FO 248/100, 20 June 1840.
43 Anon, ‘The Evacuation of Kabul’, Blackwoods, LIII, 276; Macrory, 114–15.
44 NAM, Daniel, 9 December 1838.
45 NAM, Anon, 3rd NI, 15; Kaye, 5.
46 Mackinnon, I, 79.
47 Ram, 88.
48 NAM, Anon, 3rd NI, 55.
49 Kaye, 42.
50 Fane, II, 172.
51 PRO, WO 164/441.
52 PRO, FO 248/100, n.d., 7 May 1840; Macrory, 107–8.
53 Norris, 353.
54 PRO, FO 248/100, 1 January 1842.
55 Sale, 47.
56 BL, Broadfoot, Add Mss 40,182, 136d; Eyre, 95; Norris, 446–50.
57 Havelock, I, 100–1.
58 Napier, 150.
59 Norris, 433.
3: The cast of a Die
1 Hansard, 3rd series, LXII, 382, 390.
2 Punch, 6 (1844), 118, 202.
3 Smith, Autobiography, 491.
4 Lambrick, Sir Charles Napier &c., 14, 22, 23, 25.
5 Ibid., 61.
6 Napier, 179.
7 Ibid., 167.
8 Hansard, 3rd series, LXII, 382.
9 NAM, Waddington, n.p.
10 Lambrick, Sir Charles Napier &c., 174–5.
11 Napier, 516.
12 IOL, Mss Eur, Jacob, F 75/1, 113–15.
13 Ibid., 113, 119.
14 Hansard, 3rd series, LXII, 443–4.
15 Lambrick, Sir Charles Napier &c., 243.
16 Hardinge, 3–4, 9.
17 Ibid., 63, 121–2.
18 Ibid., 49, 64.
19 Ibid., 116.
20 BL, Broadfoot, Add Mss 40,127, 391–391d; Lawrence, Essays &c., 270.
21 SRO, RH 2/8/69, 26.
22 Mackinnon, II, 82, 119.
23 IOL, L.Mil 3/56, 45.
24 Hardinge, 119, 136–7.
25 NLS, Brown, Ms 2845, 16–16d, 18.
26 NAM, Tookey, 24.
27 NLS, Brown, Ms 2845, n.p.
28 Smith, Autobiography, 545.
29 Banerjee, Khalsa Raj, 202–3, 214.
30 IOL, Mss Eur, Pierce, A 106, 5.
31 Ram, From Sepoy to Subedar, 137.
32 Ibid., 138–9.
33 Mackinnon, II, 105, 114.
34 Smith, Autobiography, 552.
35 Ibid.
36 Mackinnon, II, 233.
37 NLS, Brown, Ms 2845, 66d.
38 Lawrence, Essays &c., 312.
39 Edwardes, A Year &c., I, 28.
40 Political Diaries of Lieutenant H. B. Edwardes, 5, 7.
41 BL, Cust, Add Mss 45,392, 64.
42 Edwardes, A Year &c., I, 19; Journals and Diaries of the Assistants to the Governor General &c., 59.
43 Edwardes, A Year &c., I, 306.
44 Stewart, ‘A Surgeon in the Second Sikh War &c.’, JSAHR, LXXI, 218.
45 Edwardes, A Year &c., I, 285.
46 Journals and Diaries of the Assistants to the Governor General &c., IV, 165–6.
47 Ryder, 38, 44.
48 Edwardes, A Year &c., II, 623–7.
49 IOL, Mss Eur, Pearse, B 115, 85d; Ryder, 46–7.
50 Ibid., 126.
51 Ibid., 132–3.
52 NLS, Grant, Ms 17,901, 135d.
53 NLS, Baird Smith, Ms 10,983, 14.
54 IOL, Mss Eur, Pearse, B 115, 21d; Ryder, 46–7.
55 Hansard, 3rd series, CIV, 755; Dublin University Magazine, XXXV (1850), 205.
56 NLS, Baird Smith, Ms 10,983, 25.
57 Stewart, ‘A Surgeon in the Second Sikh War &c.’, JSAHR, LXXI, 220.
58 Dublin University Magazine, XXXV (1850), 207.
59 Ibid.
4: Robust Bodies and Obstinate Minds
1 Hardinge, 221.
2 (Henderson), The Bengalee &c., 31.
3 British Parliamentary Papers: Indian Territories &c., 13, 116.
4 Blacker, 25–6; Asiatic Journal, I, 132–3.
5 IOL, LPS, 5/363, 23 March and 10 April 1812.
6 Blacker, 185n.
7 Murray, ‘Field Surgeon &c.’, JSAHR, LXXII, 40.
8 Wellesley, IV, 396, 446, 449.
9 SRO, Brunton, GD 214/677, 1.
10 Blacker, 63, 67–70.
11 IOL, LPS, 5/363, Elphinstone to Nepean, 17 November 1817.
12 Forbes, I, 339–40, 341–2; Beaven, I, 123; Elphinstone, I, 553–4.
13 British Parl
iamentary Papers: Indian Territories &c., 13, 25.
14 IOL, Mss Eur, Pearse, B 115, 84.
15 Anon, ‘The Battle of Chillianwallah’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1850, Pt III, 10.
16 Anon, ‘History as she is wrote’, JSAHR, XVI, passim.
17 Naval and Military Magazine, 1831, Pt I, 151.
18 Stewart, ‘A Surgeon in the Second Sikh War &c.’, JSAHR, LXXI, 220.
19 Welsh, I, 181–2, 194–5.
20 Fortescue, XII, 368.
21 Young, ‘The Siege of the Fort of Deeg’, JSAHR, LXIII, 37, 43.
22 Fortescue, XII, 332–3.
23 Birom, 71–2, 80.
24 Stewart, ‘A Surgeon in the Second Sikh War &c.’, JSAHR, LXXI, 221.
25 Anon (A Light Dragoon), ‘Reminiscences &c.’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1843, Pt III, 586.
26 Anon, ‘The Action at Ramnuggar’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1850, Pt III, 566.
27 Blacker, 19–20.
28 Ibid., 27; Hastings, I, 35.
29 SRO, Brunton, GD 214/682, 4.
30 Macrory, 94.
31 Young, ‘The Siege of the Fort of Deeg’, JSAHR, LXIII, 44.
32 Ibid., 52.
33 NAM, Pearson, 1, 4.
34 PRO, WO 64/ 438.
35 IOL, L.Mil 5/150.
36 Anon (Lieutenant of the Bengal Establishment), The Cadet’s Guide &c., 33.
37 SRO, Home, GD 1/384, 20 February 1806.
38 Ibid., 5 September 1807.
39 Officers of the Bengal Army, II, 473.
40 Bryant, ‘Scots in India &c.’, Scottish Historical Review, LXIV, 22.
41 SRA, Campbell, TD 219/110/70, 36, 37.
42 Goodbehere, ‘The Letters &c.’, JSAHR, LVII, 18–19.
43 SRA, Campbell, TD 219/110/70, 40, 107i, 121i, 131, 134, 137, 137i.
44 Hodson, ‘The Baraset Cadet Camp &c.’, JSAHR, II, passim ; NLS, Minto, Ms 11,306, 26, 38d.
45 Anon (Lieutenant of the Bengal Establishment), The Cadet’s Guide &c., 13–14, 41.
46 Anon (Madras Officer), A Sketch and a Review, 4.
47 Blacker, vi.
48 Anon (Madras Officer), A Sketch and a Review, 4, 7.
49 IOL, Mss Eur, Horwood, C 570, 26, 28.
50 Ibid., 80.
51 Peers, ‘Sepoys, Soldiers &c.’, JICH, 23, 214.
52 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,707, 38–39.
53 IOL, L.Mil 5/255.
54 IOL, Mss Eur, Anon, D 1146/6, 80.
55 Ram, 14–15.
56 Williams, An Historical Account &c., 373–4.
57 Ibid., 375.
58 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,307, 38–9; Asiatic Journal, 11, 274; Ibid., 13, 480.
59 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,322, 95.
60 Gupta, ‘The Vellore Mutiny &c.’, JIH, 49, 97.
61 SRO, Brunton, GD 214/677, 11ff; Goodbehere, ‘The Letters &c.’, JSAHR, LVII, 13.
62 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,322, 105d–106.
63 Blacker, 252n, Beaven, I, 98.
64 BL, Blackwell, Add Mss 39,811, 78.
65 NLS, Tweeddale, Ms 14,559, 83.
66 Ibid., 96.
67 Beaven, I, 85.
68 NLS, Minto, 11,322, 3.
69 British Parliamentary Papers: Indian Territories &c., 35.
70 IOL, L.Mil 10/134, 3ff.
71 Fane, I, 256–7.
72 BL, Blackwell, Add Mss 39,812, 7–7d.
73 Ryder, 3.
74 NAM, Cottrill, 1, 3.
75 NAM, Tookey, 3d.
76 IOL, L.Mil 5/3/289.
77 Morehead, II, 562–3.
78 NLS, Tweeddale, Ms 14,559, 1, 29.
79 IOL, L.Mil 5/407, 171, 175.
80 IOL, L.Mil 5/376, 120, 132–3, 232–3.
81 Ibid., 133.
82 Morehead, I, 20.
83 Stuart, II, 214.
84 IOL, L.Mil 3/289.
85 Morehead, I, 365–7.
86 IOL, L.Mil 3/289; Morehead, I, 369, 379.
87 Anon (A Light Dragoon), ‘Reminiscences &c.’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1843, Pt III, 389.
88 McGuffie, ‘Lake’s Mahratta Campaign &c.’, JSAHR, XXIX, 57.
89 NAM, Plumb, 2.
90 Young, ‘The Siege of the Fort of Deeg &c.’, JSAHR, LXIII, 42.
91 Hastings, II, 249.
92 Ryder, 105.
93 Birom, 72.
94 IOL, L.Mil 5/318. The letters in this file are unnumbered; Private Tolney lived in Sandwich, Kent, and approached the Company for prize money in March 1816 and August 1817.
95 PRO, WO 64/438 and 441.
96 PRO, WO 64/440.
97 IOL, Mss Eur, Nicholls, F 175/33, 17.
98 Birom, 24.
99 IOL, LPS, 5/364, ‘Copies of Letters from an Officer on the Staff, the Poona Brigade’.
100 IOL, L.Mil 3/56, 329.
101 IOL, L.Mil 13/1196, 597 (for issue of revolvers).
102 Blacker, 212–13.
103 Birom, 87–8.
104 Ibid., 86–7.
105 Mackenzie, A Sketch of the War &c., II, 25.
106 Goodbehere, ‘The Letters &c.’, JSAHR, LVII, 9.
107 IOL, L.Mil 3/56, 171; British Parliamentary Papers: The Indian Territories &c., 59.
108 IOL, L.Mil 3/56, 598d.
109 IOL, L.Mil 5/364, Elphinstone to Hastings, 23 March 1817.
110 IOL, L.Mil 5/363, Carnac to Governor of Bombay, 23 March and 10 April 1812.
111 Blacker, 110.
112 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,665, 2–48.
113 Young, ‘The Siege of the Fort of Deeg’, JSAHR, LXIII, 43.
114 BL, Broadfoot, Add Mss 40,127, 38.
115 PRO, FO 248/100, 1 January 1842.
116 Records of the Delhi Residency and Agency, 45.
117 Blacker, 280.
Part Three: The Raj Consolidated
1: European Gentlemen
1 Harrington, 56–8.
2 In private hands.
3 Anon (A Light Dragoon), ‘Reminiscences &c.’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1843, Pt III, 586.
4 Anon, The College of Fort William &c., 1–2.
5 Kaye, Life &c. . . . Charles, Lord Metcalfe, I, 106.
6 Wellesley, I, 54.
7 Gleig, I, 155.
8 SRO, Read, GD 1/594, 4 September 1800.
9 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,600, 41, 81–3.
10 Lahore Political Diaries, IV, 6.
11 Anon, The College of Fort William &c., 5–6, 9; Wellesley, II, 131–2, 346.
12 NRO, De Grey, WLS 11/8, 1 September 1798.
13 Colley, 168–9.
14 Wellesley, II, 323–4.
15 Ibid., III, 64.
16 Egan, 4.
17 Naval and Military Miscellany, I (1827), 147.
18 Kaye, Life &c. . . . Charles, Lord Metcalfe, I, 2, 13.
19 Records of the Delhi Residency, 2.
20 Edwardes, A Year &c., I, 113 and note.
21 Anon (Henderson), 117–18.
22 Ibid., 189.
23 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,739, 6d ff.
24 Wellesley, V, 174.
25 Broughton, 3.
26 Ryder, 66–7, 95.
27 Leopold, ‘British Applications &c.’, EHR, LXXXIV, 584 and note.
28 Welsh, I, 2.
29 Hastings, I, 31–2.
30 Gilchrist, ix.
31 Ibid., 232ff.
32 Beaven, I, 19.
33 Asiatic Journal, I, 7.
34 NLS, Halket, Ms 14,207, 116.
35 IOL, Mss Eur, Knolles, C 598, 8 May 1819.
36 BL, Blackwell, Add Mss 39,811, 12.
37 Forrest, 125.
38 NAM, Becher, n.d.
39 SRO, Read, GD 1 594/2, 21 December 1797.
40 Cohn, ‘The Command of Language &c.’, Subaltern Studies, IV, 310.
41 IOL, L.Mil 5/383, 6–8, 17d.
42 Webber, 72.
43 Asiatic Journal, 3rd series, I, 145.
44 Forrest, 168–70.
45 BL, Cust, Add Mss 45,390, 266.
46 NLS, Halket,
Ms 14,207, 17.
47 Beaven, I, 84–5.
48 Hastings, I, 109–110.
49 SRO, Elphinstone, GD 46/17/42, 10 April 1814.
50 Tod, II, 900–1.
51 Forrest, 163.
52 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,840, 96.
53 Hastings, I, 12.
54 Fane, I, 263–65, 268.
55 BL, Hyde, Add Mss 42,105, 5.
56 Beaven, I, 18–19.
57 Buck, 27.
58 Anon (Henderson), 73.
59 Anon, ‘Duelling &c.’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1844, Pt III, 237.
60 Ibid., 238–39.
61 Kiernan, The Duel &c., 297.
62 BL, Broadfoot, Add Mss 40,127, 30d.
63 Cust, Memories, 87.
64 Sleeman, Rambles &c., II, 255–6.
65 BL, Blackwell, Add Mss 38,911, 17.
66 Welsh, I, 4.
67 SRO, Read, GD 594/2, 1 October 1798.
68 NLS, Oswald, Ms 9008, 8.
69 Buck, 9.
70 Williamson, II, 116–19.
71 Ibid., I, 220–5.
72 SRO, Home, GD 1/384, 15 May 1811; BL, Blackwell, Add Mss 39,811, 17; BL, Cust, Add Mss 45,390, 58; NLS, Oswald, 9006, 2d.
73 Fane, II, 193–4.
74 NAM, Pearson, I, 58–9.
75 IOL, Mss Eur, Chambers, A 172, passim.
76 Williamson, I, 213.
77 Ibid., 162,
78 PRO, WO 71/217.
79 Anon (Madras Officer), A Sketch &c., 17.
80 IOL, Mss Eur, Pearse, B 115, 86.
81 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,756, 338.
2: Utility and Beneficence
1 Forbes, II, 74–6.
2 The Oriental Baptist, IV, 286.
3 Kublicek, ‘The Role of the Shallow-Draught Steamer &c.’, International Journal of Maritime History, 6, 87.
4 Chunder, I, 140–1.
5 British Parliamentary Papers: East Indies, 15, 205.
6 Andrew, Indian Railways &c., 86–7.
7 BL, Auckland, Add Mss 13,709, 94d.
8 Kaye, Life &c. . . . Charles, Lord Metcalfe, I, 55.
9 Tod, II, 900–1.
10 IOL, LPS, 20, F 52, 55–6.
11 IOL, LPS, 5/363, Memo, 20 January 1810.
12 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,840, 45–46.
13 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,712, 9; East India Military Calendar (1823), 151–2.
14 NLS, Walker, Ms 17,739, 33.
15 Chevers, 3n.
16 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,722, 6.
17 Mill, II, 213, 517–18.
18 British Parliamentary Papers: East Indies, 6, 48.
19 Macaulay, VII, 389.
20 NLS, Walker, Ms 13,840, 45–6, 48.
21 Mehta, Lord Hastings &c., 208–10.
22 IOL, LPS, 5/363, Memo 28 January 1810.
23 Hardinge, 206.
24 Memorial of the Hindu Inhabitants &c., 8.
25 BL, Auckland, Add Mss 37,689, 34–6.
26 Methur, 98–9, 112–13.
27 BL, Auckland, Add Mss 37,692, 10.
28 IOL, BH 3/106 (R/2 475/3) passim.
29 British Parliamentary Papers &c., 15, 680, 682.
Raj Page 86