30 Anon, Railways in India, 33.
31 Andrew, Indian Railways &c., 27–8.
32 Hardinge, 63.
33 Macpherson, ‘Investment in Indian Railways &c.’, EcHR (2nd series), 8, 181.
34 Kennedy, A Railway Caution!, 13.
35 Anon, Railways in India, 3.
36 Annals of the Indian Administration, I, 125.
37 Ibid., IX, 366.
3: Gradual and Mild Correction
1 Records of the Delhi Residency, 70ff.
2 Directions for Settlement &c., 53–4.
3 SRO, GD 1/594, 4 September 1800; Gleig, I, 155.
4 Directions for Settlement &c., 19.
5 Panikar, 3–5, 7, 8.
6 Neale, ‘Land is Rule &c.’, in Frykenberg (ed.), Land, Control &c., 19.
7 Raychaudhuri, ‘Permanent Settlement &c.’, in Ibid., 163, 167.
8 Annals of the Administration, I, 2, 18.
9 Poddar, 49–68.
10 Cohn, ‘Structure and Change &c.’, in Frykenberg (ed.), Land, Control &c., 78.
11 Van Schendel, ‘“Madmen of Mymensigh” &c.’, IESHR, 22, 143.
12 By Authority! A Full Exposure &c., 14–15.
13 IOL, BH 106 (R/2 475/3) passim.
14 Rana, ‘Agrarian revolts &c.’, IESHR, 18, 294, 296, 299; Ray, Some Aspects &c., 167.
15 Land Revenue Policy, 150.
16 Panikar, 1.
17 Annals of the Administration, III, 326–33.
18 Hamid, ‘Dispossessions &c.’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 10, 57.
19 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, VII, 110–11, 113, 119, 126.
20 Ray, Economic Conflict &c., 4–5, 7.
21 Hamid, ‘Dispossessions &c.’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 10, 59.
22 Mukherjee, 284, 290.
23 Wood, ‘Peasant Revolt &c.’, in Hardiman (ed.), Peasant Resistance &c., 137–43.
24 Bradley-Birt, 198.
25 Van Schendel, ‘“Madman of Mymensigh” &c.’, IESHR, 22, 165.
26 NLS, Tweeddale, Ms 14,558, 30.
27 IOL, Wood, Ms Eur, F 78, 27–36d.
28 Mukherjee, 315.
29 Nigam, ‘Disciplining and Policing &c.’, IESHR, 27,151.
30 BL, Auckland, Add Mss 37,692, 40.
31 Chevers, 654–55.
32 Ibid., 6.
33 BL, Paton, Add Mss 41,300, 101–29.
34 Ibid., 1–2, 12.
35 Ibid., 339, 341.
36 British Parliamentary Papers: East Indies, 10, 217; Ibid., 13, 352.
37 BL, Paton, Add Mss 42,300, 409.
38 Ibid., 407–8.
39 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,600, 8–10.
40 Chevers, 535.
41 Hardiman, ‘Community, Patriarchy &c.’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 23, 90.
42 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, VII, 439.
43 Nigam, ‘Disciplining and Policing &c.’, IESHR, 27, 136–7.
44 BL, Ripon, Add Mss 43,614, 137, 142–142d.
45 Mathur, 97–9.
46 Ibid., 148–9.
47 BL, Paton, Add Mss 41,300, 358.
48 Campbell, Narrative &c., 33.
49 Hardinge, 83–4.
50 Campbell, Narrative &c., 43; Boal, 74.
51 Ibid., 77–8.
52 Pennier, 61.
53 Ibid., 69–70.
54 Chevers, 165n.
55 Ibid., 152–3.
56 IOL, LPS, 20/F 52, 51–6.
57 Chatterjii, ‘The Daroga &c.’, IESHR, 18, 37.
58 Chevers, 569, 573.
59 Reports . . . on the Administration of Criminal Justice under the Madras Presidency for the Year 1849, 13, 22, 28; Ibid. . . . for 1853, 3.
60 Ibid. . . . for 1849, 7–12.
61 Chevers, 343, 447, 544–6, 554.
62 Ibid., 435.
63 Reports . . . on the Administration of Criminal Justice under the Madras Presidency for the Year 1849, 5.
64 Chevers, 755–9.
4: A Hearty Desire
1 Fraxi, 380.
2 NAM, Daniel, 7 June 1836.
3 Bloch, 133–4.
4 Carver, 14.
5 Hyam, 117; Kaye, Life &c. . . . Charles, Lord Metcalfe, I, 82, 111–12.
6 Hyam, 115.
7 Haight, ‘Male Chastity &c.’, Contemporary Review, 219, 252–53.
8 Westminster and Foreign Quarterly, LIII, July 1850, 475.
9 Weeks, 37.
10 McCalman, ‘Unrespectable Radicalism &c.’, PP, 104, 101.
11 Fraxi, 133–7.
12 Westminster and Foreign Quarterly, LIII, July 1850, 457.
13 Fraxi, 380–1.
14 Ibid., xliv-xlvi.
15 Hamilton, II, 19.
16 Penzer, 139, 171.
17 NLS, Halket, Ms 14,207, 17d–18.
18 Fraxi, 380.
19 Westminster and Foreign Quarterly, LIII, July 1850, 488.
20 Harvey, ‘Prosecutions &c.’, HJ, 21, 943.
21 Bloch, 425.
22 Harvey, ‘Prosecutions &c.’, HJ, 21, 939–40.
23 Chevers, 707.
24 Williamson, II, 428–9.
25 Brodie, 76–7.
26 IOL, L.Mil 5/408, passim.
27 Mukherjee, ‘Satan let loose &c.’, PP, 93, 128.
28 Ryder, 129.
29 IOL, LPS, 5/364, Elphinstone to Nepean, 17 November 1817.
30 Krishnamurty, 81, 83.
31 Ibid., 40–1, 45, 50–1.
32 NLS, Minto, Ms 11,322, 105d-106.
33 Beaven, I, 18–19; Williamson, I, 450–1.
34 Brodie, 58–9.
35 Ibid.
36 SRO, Elphinstone, GD 46/17/42, 20 March 1813.
37 Henderson, 298.
38 Fraxi, 74–5.
39 NLS, Halket, Ms 14,207, 17d-18.
40 Mackenzie, Life in the Mission &c., I, 278, 287.
41 British and Foreign Medical Review, 15, January 1845, 73.
42 Lancet, 31 January 1829.
43 Lancereux, 295–6.
44 Lancet, 31 January 1852.
45 IOL, L.Mil 5/376, 120.
46 Ibid., 132–3, 282–3.
47 Hyam, 117.
48 Warburton, 3–10.
49 Anon (Lieutenant of the Bengal Establishment), The Cadet’s Guide &c., 43.
50 Goodbehere, ‘The Letters &c.’, JSAHR, LVII.
51 Anon (A Lady), East India Sketchbook, 29.
52 Mackenzie, Life in Mission &c., I, 270.
53 Lehmann, 80.
54 Medical Times and Gazette, new series, 5 (1852), 477.
55 Lancet, 12 and 19 September 1829.
56 Cust, Sorrows of an Anglo-Indian &c., 14.
57 Buck, 29.
58 Veitch, 38.
59 Anon (A Lady), East India Sketchbook, 126.
60 IOL, Mss Eur, Horwood, C 570, 18.
61 BL, Ramsbottom, Add Mss 59,876, 1d, 10.
62 Anon, ‘Duelling &c.’, Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1844, Pt III, 240.
63 E.g., The Indian Cookery Book: A Practical Handbook to the Kitchen in India (Calcutta, c. 1860).
64 Neill, 151.
65 Ives, 73.
66 Beare, 82.
67 Macphail’s Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal, I, February 1846, 60.
68 Matthew, The Story of St Andrew’s Church, Bombay, 2–10.
69 NRO, Leslie, MC 64/2/4; Hoole, Personal Narrative &c., 81.
70 AJ, I, 145.
71 Macphail’s Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal, II, March 1846, 140.
72 Beare, 85–8.
73 Hoole, Personal Narrative &c., 131–2, 138–9.
74 The Oriental Baptist, I, February 1847, 58–9; Ibid., IV, April 1850, 283.
75 NLS, Tweeddale, Ms 14,558, 1–26.
76 Strachan, 10.
77 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, VII, 249.
78 The Oriental Baptist, II, March 1848, 90.
79 Memorial of the Hindu Inhabitants, 8.
80 Powell, ‘Maulana Rahmet &c.’, JRAS.
81 Macke
nzie, Life in Mission &c., I, 29.
82 Hoole, Madras, Mysore &c., xl–xliii.
83 Hoole, Personal Narrative &c., 124.
84 Macphail’s Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal, V, July 1846, 438.
Part Four: The Mutiny
1: The Sahib Paid No Attention
1 RID, I, 3.
2 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,489, 30d.
3 SRO, Lindsay, GD 254/713, 17, 28.
4 Raj, Economic Conflict &c., 58–9.
5 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,488, 54.
6 Hibbert, 59–60.
7 Ashburner, ‘Gujarat Disturbances &c.’, Bombay Gazetteer, I, i, 434–5.
8 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,489, 35.
9 Ibid., 3–4d; Hibbert, 51.
10 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,489, 11d, 13–13d.
11 Mutiny Correspondence, I, 3.
12 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,489, 147.
13 Kaye, Sepoy War &c., II, 426–27.
14 Ashburner, ‘Gujarat Disturbances &c.’, Bombay Gazetteer, I, i, 433.
15 Gubbins, 95–6.
16 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,489, 36.
17 Gubbins, 13.
18 Cadell, ‘The Outbreak of the Indian Mutiny &c.’, JSAHR, LV, 121.
19 IOL, H 725, 149.
20 RID, I, 454.
21 Ibid., 105.
22 Kaye, Sepoy War, II, 244–5.
23 Ibid., 246–7.
24 Mutiny Correspondence, I, 20–1, 23.
25 BL, Pierce, Add Mss 42,500, 2–2d, 83.
26 BL, Rose, Add Mss 42,807, 71–2.
27 Kaye, Sepoy War, II, 423–4.
28 Cave-Brown, I, 98–9.
29 IOL, Mss Eur, Horne, D 533, i, 7–8, 10, 12, 14.
30 Mathur, 187–9.
31 Young, Delhi – 1857, 63, 207.
32 Coopland, 83, 85, 87.
33 BL, Pierce, Add Mss 42,500, 40.
34 RID, I, 275; Stokes, Peasant Armed, 7–8.
35 BL, Pierce, Add Mss 42,500, 9.
36 IOL, H 725, 390–1.
37 Thornhill, 10, 20, 68, 71.
38 IOL, H 725, 151.
39 Mutiny Correspondence, I, 47.
40 Forbes-Mitchell, 5.
41 NLS, Grey, Ms 15,394, 2–8d.
42 Mutiny Correspondence, I, 121.
43 Gupta, Nana Sahib &c., 38; IOL, H 725, 615–16.
44 Gupta, Nana Sahib &c., 53, 64, 70.
45 Gubbins, 102–3.
46 Ibid., 118; BL, Bruce, Add Mss 44,003, 113.
47 Kaye, Sepoy War, II, 268–9 and notes.
48 Ibid., II, 284n.; Hibbert, 202.
49 Kaye, Sepoy War, II, 270–1; also Mukherjee, ‘Satan let loose &c.’, PP, 128, passim; and English, ‘The Kanpur Massacre &c.’, Ibid., 42, passim for an academic debate of the possible social and political significance of the terror and counter-terror in June–July 1857.
50 Dunlop, 47–8.
51 NAM, Potiphar, 9.
52 Mukherjee, ‘Satan let loose &c.’, PP, 129, 110.
53 Mutiny Correspondence, I, 193.
54 Forbes-Mitchell, 16–19; Lang, Lahore to Lucknow, 121.
2: Very Harrowing Work
1 Medical News, 19 July 1858.
2 Ibid.; Kiernan, European Empires &c., 48.
3 J. Brown, ‘Notes of the Surgery of the Indian Campaign &c.’, Monthly Journal of Medical Sciences, VI, 328 and passim; Lancet, 3 July 1858.
4 The Naval Brigade &c., 139; IOL, L.Mil 3/667, 26 February 1858 for example of prisoners taken during an engagement.
5 Anon, ‘The Pursuit of Tatya Topi’, Blackwoods Magazine, LXXXVII, 175.
6 Medical News, 7 August 1858.
7 Majendie, 264.
8 NRO, MC 6/Cubitt 1, 5–6 November 1857.
9 Coopland, 107; Cave-Brown, 1, 194n; SRO, Lindsay GD 254/713, 31.
10 NAM, Potiphar, 38; Lang, 59.
11 NRO, MC 6/Cubitt 1, 1 January 1858.
12 Thornhill, 306, 313.
13 Majendie, 186–7.
14 IOL, Mss Eur, Chardin Johnson, A 161/b, 30; NAM, Potiphar, 7; SRO, Lindsay, GD 254/17, 31; Young, Delhi – 1857, 26.
15 Pearson, 233.
16 NAM, Potiphar, 53; RID, I, 479.
17 Stokes, Peasant Armed, 88.
18 Ibid., 92.
19 Mutiny Correspondence, II, 56.
20 Press Lists &c. . . . Political Department from 1859 to 1863, 125, 132, 140.
21 Lang, 100.
22 NAM, Potiphar, 53.
23 Hibbert, 321.
24 NLS, Grey, Ms 13,396, 30–1.
25 Russell, I, 290–1.
26 Majendie, 178–9; Bourchier, 95.
27 NLS, Grey, Ms 13,396, 32–33d.
28 RID, I, 531.
29 Press Lists &c. . . . Political Department from 1859 to 1863, 122.
30 Ibid., 103, 110.
31 BL, Bruce, Add Mss 43,996, 116–116d; 44,003, 29d–30.
32 Mutiny Reports, I, 189, 190–2; Russell, I, 170–1.
33 BL, Pierce, Add Mss 42,500, 46, 48, 67.
34 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,489, 120; RID, I, 206, 397ff ; Ibid., II, 2, 9, 10, 11, 16, 25, 30, 117.
35 IOL, Mss Eur, Horne, D 533, 82; Thornhill, 38–9.
36 RID, II, 39.
37 BL, Bruce, Add Mss 44,003, 8, 29d.
38 BL, Bruce, Add Mss 44,002; IOL, Mss Eur, Horne, D 533, 44; Gubbins, 169; Cave-Brown, I, 175–6; Press Lists &c. . . . Political Department from 1859 to 1863, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 38, 48, 77.
39 BL, Bruce, Add Mss 43,996, 128d; Mutiny Correspondence, I, 290, 303, 357; Ibid., II, 2; Press Lists &c. . . . Judicial Department, 95.
40 RID, II, 39, 92.
41 Ibid., I, 304–5, 444; II, 135, 316.
42 Ibid., I, 39, 92.
43 Ibid., I, 341; II, 130, 138.
44 Mutiny Reports, I, 148, 229.
45 Ibid., II, 245.
46 Ibid., I, 142; II, 275, 288.
47 Forbes-Mitchell, 47.
48 IOL, Mss Eur, Chardin Johnson, A 161/b, 5.
49 RID, I, 92, 202.
50 IOL, L.Mil 5/290.
51 IOL, L.Mil 5/295.
52 BL, Rose, Add Mss 22,807, 1–17.
53 Stokes, Peasant Armed, 54n.
54 BL, Bruce, Add Mss 44,002, 5.
55 Stokes, Peasant Armed, 53–4.
56 BL, Holmes, Add Mss 41,488, 47–51d.
57 Mutiny Records, II, 283.
58 IOL, H 725, 615–626d.
59 Bhadra, ‘Four Rebels &c.,’, Subaltern Studies, IV, 263–73.
60 Powell, ‘Maulana Rahan Allah &c.’, JRAS.
61 BL, Bruce, Add Mss 44,003, 80–80d; 44,004, 1, 64.
62 Thornhill, 114.
63 Bhadra, ‘Four Rebels &c.’, Subaltern Studies, IV, 243–5; Thornhill, 102–3.
64 Majendie, 187.
65 Bhadra, ‘Four Rebels &c.’, Subaltern Studies, IV, 242.
66 BL, Pierce, Add Mss 42,500, 24–24d; Dunlop, 3.
67 Kaye, Sepoy War, II, 257n.
68 IOL, H 725, 393.
69 Forbes-Mitchell, 182–6.
70 IOL, L.Mil 3/1196, 427, 567.
71 IOL, R/2/240, 12 November 1858.
72 Ashburner, ‘Gujarat Disturbance’, Bombay Gazetteer, I, i,444–8.
73 Forbes-Mitchell, 76–7.
74 Bhadra, ‘Four Rebels &c.’, Subaltern Studies, IV, 235.
75 Stokes, Peasant and the Raj, 143–51.
76 Downs, ‘Fear and Loathing &c.’, IESHR, XXVII, passim.
77 Stokes, Peasant and the Raj, 127.
78 Ibid., 149.
79 Churcher, 60–6.
80 IOL, L.Mil 17/2/503, 41.
81 Dunlop, 94.
82 Press Records &c. . . . Judicial from 1859 to 1863, 74.
83 RID, I, 209.
84 IOL, L.Mil 3/667, 77.
85 NLS, Grey, Ms 13,396, 9, 9d, 10d.
3: Like Elephants on Heat
1 Saturday Review, 4 July 1857.
2 Thackeray, ‘A History of India &c.’, Quarterly Review, LXVIII, 377.
3 Leopold, ‘Br
itish Applications &c.’, EHR, LXXXIX, 581.
4 Thackeray, ‘A History of India &c.’, Quarterly Review, LXVII, 402.
5 Chamber’s Information for the People, I, 188, 370.
6 Illustrated London News, 10 March 1849.
7 Ibid., 28 February 1846.
8 Dickens, II, 459; 473.
9 Bosworth-Smith, II, 275, 279, 289, 295.
10 Punch, 12 September 1857.
11 Manchester Guardian, 7 October 1857.
12 Edinburgh Evening Courant, 29 September 1857.
13 Crooke, ‘Songs of the Mutiny’, Indian Antiquary, XL, 123, 168; Edwardes, Red Year, 180–2.
14 Harrington, 165–7.
15 Fast Day Sermons, 27, 66.
16 Dickens, VII, 459, 472–3.
17 Hansard, 3rd series, CXLVIII, 148, 703.
18 Invergordon Times and General Advertiser, 19 January 1858.
19 Paxton, ‘Mobilising Chivalry &c.’, Victorian Studies, 36, 8.
20 BL, Duberly, Add Mss 47,218C, 34.
21 Grant, First Love, Last Love, II, 76.
22 Atheneum, 18 September 1858.
23 Gibney, II, 176.
24 Punch, 18 October 1857.
25 The Times, 3 November 1857.
26 Hansard, 3rd series, CXLVI, 146, 1323–4, 1456–61.
27 Ibid., 147, 446.
28 Saturday Review, 25 July 1857.
29 Fast Day Sermons, 75, 147–8.
30 Hymn for the General Thanksgiving of the Suppression of the Indian Mutiny.
31 Edinburgh Review, CVII, 2.
32 The Times, 3 November 1857; the same point was made in the Manchester Guardian, 7 October 1857.
33 Saturday Review, 4 July 1857.
34 National Review, VI, 3.
35 BL, Cust, Add Mss 43,395, 355.
36 Fourth Report on Colonisation and Settlement, 149, 202.
37 IOL, Mss Eur, Montagu, D 528/9, 215.
38 IOL, Mss Eur, Chelmsford, E 264/1, ii, 44.
39 I am indebted for this point to the late General Sir Ouvry Roberts.
40 Malleson, 88n.
41 IOL, L.Mil 17/2, 5, 503.
42 Mason, Report on the Hindustani Fanatics, 3–4.
43 Chaudhuri, 19.
44 IOL, L.Mil 3/1196, 323.
45 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,758, 688d, 692.
46 National Review, VI, 15.
47 Ibid., 7.
48 Spectator, 9 May 1868.
Part Five: Tr iumphs and Tremors
1: Low and Steady Pressure
1 Indus Valley State Railway, Administrative Report, Appendix i.
2 Kipling, Letters, I, 100–1.
3 Gilmour, 168.
4 Arnold, ‘The “Discovery” of Malnutrition &c.’, IESHR, 31, 6–7; Klein, ‘When the rains failed &c.’, Ibid., 21, 195; Rajaskhar, ‘Famine and peasant mobility &c.’, Ibid., 34, 121, 124.
5 Annual Medical and Sanitary Report . . . Mysore 1877, 11.
6 Buckley, 277–8.
7 Mulhotra, 134.
8 IOL, Mss Eur, Elgin, F 84/1, 19, 25; Malhotra, 116–17.
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