9 IOL, L.Mil 17/11/94, 106, 113–14, 180, 269, 273; Malhotra, 133.
10 Gilmour, 173.
11 Wilson, ‘The History of an Indian District &c.’, National Review, VI, 325.
12 Barrier, ‘The Punjab Disturbances &c.’, in Hardiman (ed.), Peasant Resistance, 230–7.
13 Buckley, 324.
14 Aitken, ‘The Coming Famine in India’, Contemporary Review, XCIII, 15.
15 Horne, 3, 23, 99–100.
16 O’Dwyer, 25.
17 Grant-Duff, ‘India: Political and Social &c.’, Contemporary Review, XXVI, 866.
18 Wilson, Indian Civil Service &c., 22.
19 Tupp, 42.
20 Bosworth-Smith, I, 291–2.
21 Horne, 121.
22 Lawrence, The India We Served, 275.
23 Dewey, 157.
24 Kipling, Departmental Ditties, ‘One Viceroy Resigns’.
25 Ricketts, ‘English Society and India’, Contemporary Review, CI, 688.
26 Anon, ‘The Romance of India’, Quarterly Review, XCCVI, 51.
27 Lytton, II, 4–5.
28 Wilson, Sport and Service, 36–7.
29 Kipling, Departmental Ditties, ‘One Viceroy Resigns’.
30 Forster, Letters, I, 186.
31 Lansdowne, 78–9, 92–3, 122–3.
32 Lyall, II, 68–9.
33 Gilmour, 151–3.
34 Lytton, II, 48–9.
35 Russell, The Prince of Wales’s Tour, 447.
36 Warburton, 213.
37 Lawrence, The India We Served, 239–41.
38 Curzon, in Nineteenth Century and After, XLIX, 949.
39 IOL, Mss Eur, Elgin, F 84/1, 5–6, 13.
40 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, i, 1440.
41 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,756, 528.
42 IOL, LPS, 10/2, P 3763.
43 The Times, 2 January 1912.
44 IOL, LPS, 10/264, i, n.n.
2: Not as Relics but as Rulers
1 Casserly, 223.
2 Devi and Ran, 36.
3 Adams, Western Rajputana, 58.
4 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,589, Pt III, 1–3; Gilmour 190.
5 Ibid., 191.
6 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,589, Pt I, 51.
7 BL, Ripon, Add Mss 43,511, 11d, 91.
8 Horne, 133–4.
9 Dyson, 114.
10 Copland, The British Raj &c., 61.
11 Lee-Warner, 305–6.
12 Reid, 53.
13 BL, Ripon, Add Mss 43,614, 52.
14 IOL, LPS, 10, 40, 98.
15 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,589, 25.
16 IOL, Mss Eur, Elgin, 84a, i, 89.
17 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,756, 235–36.
18 Lawrence, The India We Served, 187.
19 Copland, The British Raj &c., 63.
20 BL, Ripon, Add Mss 43,613, 165d.
21 Grimwood, 149–50.
22 Reid, 54–6.
23 Ibid., 58; The Times, 4 May 1891.
24 Willcocks, 75.
25 IOL, LPS, 10, 1 and 2.
26 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,589, Pt I, 1.
27 IOL, L.Mil 17/11/196, 22.
28 Raj, Economic Conflict, x.
29 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,758, 688d.
30 Copland, The British Raj &c., 134.
31 Mangan, 134.
32 Ibid., 133–4.
33 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,757, 203–4.
34 IOL, BH 3/106 (R/2 475/3) passim.
35 BL, Ripon, Add Mss 43,615, 103d.
36 Sayagi Rao, ‘My Ways and Days’, Nineteenth Century and After, XLIX, 223.
37 Gilmour, 189.
38 Singh, Problems and Policies, 244.
39 IOL, LPS, 264, I, passim.
40 Copland, The British Raj &c., 235.
41 IOL, LPS, 264, I, P 2255; II, P 173.
42 Browning, 193–4.
43 Copland, The British Raj &c., 235; Mehta, ‘Relations &c.’, JIH, 50, passim.
44 Adams, Western Rajputana, 19–20, 115–16.
3: We are British Subjects
1 SRO, Whitton, GD 1/927, I, 107–8.
2 Spectator, 5 June 1875.
3 Ghose, Open Competition, 21n.
4 Lytton, II, 22.
5 O’Dwyer, 25.
6 Gupta, ‘The Agrarian League &c.’, in Hardiman (ed.), Peasant Resistance, 117.
7 Lytton, II, 21–2.
8 Singh, Problems and Policies, 28, 105–6.
9 Lansdowne, 74.
10 Ibid., 61.
11 Hansard, 4th series, XCIII, 75–6, 476, 1310–11.
12 Report of the Calcutta University Commission, XII, 41.
13 The Economist, 22 November 1877.
14 Morier Williams, ‘Facts on India’, Contemporary Review, XXXII, 419.
15 Calcutta University Calendar, 1866–67; Ibid., . . . 1867–68, appendices.
16 Report of the Calcutta University Commission, XI, 17.
17 Ibid., X, 122.
18 Ibid., I, 49; Gosh, ‘Social Reform in India’, National Review, VIII, 367.
19 Report on the Working of the Dispensaries . . . in the Central Indian Agency for 1912, 2–3.
20 Von Albertini, 69.
21 Poddar, 62.
22 Quoted in Edinburgh Review, January 1858, 46.
23 Dyson, 36.
24 Ghose, The Open Competition, 5.
25 Chunder, I, 115.
26 Ibid, II, 386, 408–9.
27 Renfold, 205–6.
28 Ibid.
29 Kipling, Letters, I, 35.
30 Wolf, II, 131.
31 IOL, LPJ, 5/410 passim.
32 Renfold, 35.
33 Dilke, II, 194.
34 Argov, 14.
35 Ibid., 81.
36 Narain, ‘Interaction &c.’, JIH, 57, 404.
37 Narain, Press and Politics, 275–6.
38 Kipling, Letters, I, 99.
39 Narain, Press and Politics, 67–8.
40 Forbes, 83.
41 Argov, 31.
42 The Times, 6 August 1892.
43 Campston, ‘Some Early Indian Nationalists &c.’, EHR, 76, 296.
44 Tribe, 275, 280.
45 Narain, ‘Interaction &c.’, JIH, 57, 406, 412.
46 Ibid., 407.
47 Ibid., 413.
48 Narain, Press and Politics, 32.
49 Lancet, 8 January 1898.
50 Malhotra, 148.
51 Paul, 15–18; Popplewell, Intelligence &c., 32.
52 Argov, 74.
53 Lancet, 28 February 1898; Paul, 60.
54 Gilmour, 137.
55 Ibid., 170.
56 Ibid., 245.
57 PRO, WO 88/1, 293–4.
58 Narain, Press and Politics, 172.
59 Wilson, Sport and Service, 264.
60 Webber, 71–2.
61 Renfold, 296.
62 Argov, 105
63 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,756, 202.
4: Not Worth the Candle
1 Hopkirk, Great Game, 363.
2 Lytton, II, 65.
3 Ibid., 133–4.
4 PRO, FO 65/1213, 299–300.
5 Cobbold, 200.
6 Friedberg, 389–90.
7 IOL, L.Mil 17/5/1739, 17.
8 PRO, WO 105/42, ‘Memo . . . Military Requirements for the Defence of India’, 4.
9 Durand, The Making of a Frontier, 41.
10 Allworth, 7.
11 Rwykin (ed.), Russian Colonial Expansion, 215–16.
12 Vernon, ‘Soviet Historians &c.’, Indian History Congress, 484.
13 Memo from Lawrence in, NLS (Printed Books) IP/AA/31/1.
14 Notes on the Maps of Central Asia and Turkestan, passim.
15 Mackenzie, ‘The Conquest &c.’, in Rwykin (ed.), Russian Colonial Expansion, 19n.
16 O’Donovan, II, 58.
17 Allworth, 159, 217–18.
18 PRO, WO 110/9, 5.
19 Vernon, ‘Soviet Historians &c.’, Indian History Congress, 487.
20 Lytton, II, 103–04.
21 Mackenzie, ‘The Conquest &c.’, in Rwykin (ed.), Russian C
olonial Expansion, 225.
22 Ibid.
23 Lytton, 133.
24 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,536, 13.
25 Roberts, Forty Years &c., 406n.
26 Ibid., 457.
27 Roberts in India, 64.
28 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,537, 21–2.
29 Roberts in India, 120.
30 Ibid., 164.
31 Illustrated London News, 24 January and 24 April 1880.
32 Robson, ‘Kandahar Letters &c.’, JSAHR, 69, 149.
33 Robson, ‘Maiwand, 27 July 1880’; Ibid., 51, passim.
34 Roberts in India, 293; Omissi, 12.
35 PRO, FO 65/1236, 134–6.
36 Holdich, 3, 10.
37 Gordon, A Varied Life, 171–3.
38 Morris, ‘British Secret Service &c.’, HJ, 27,661.
39 Hopkirk, Great Game, 416–17.
40 PRO, FO 65/1213, 10–11; FO 65/1235, 86.
41 PRO, FO 65/1235, 85, 136.
42 PRO, FO 65/1236, 22.
43 PRO, FO 65/1236, 48.
44 PRO, FO 65/1236, 39, 268, 327.
45 PRO, FO 65/1236, 5; Holdich, 126.
46 Fuller, 337–8; Rwykin (ed.), Russian Colonial Expansion, 229.
47 PRO, WO 110/9/8.
48 Holdich, 156.
49 French, 75–80.
50 Morris, ‘British Secret Service &c.’, HJ, 27, 666.
51 PRO, HD 2/1, 8, 9, 12, 16.
52 PRO, HD 2/1, 9, 10.
53 PRO, HD 2/1, 5.
54 PRO, HD 2/1, 104, 105, 109.
55 PRO, FO 65/1347, 1–2, 40–6, 47–8, 54–7, 163.
56 Le Mesurier, 19.
57 PRO, WO 33/49, ‘Memo on the Strategic Situation in Central Asia’, 2.
58 Lansdowne, 78–9.
59 Jefferson, ‘Lord Salisbury’s Conversation &c.’, Slavonic and Eastern European Review, XXXiX, 217–18.
60 PRO, FO 539/51, 2–3.
61 PRO, WO 106/48, passim.
62 Cobbold, 231.
63 PRO, WO 65/1574, 179d.
64 Cobbold, 200.
65 Rwykin (ed.), Russian Colonial Expansion, 65.
66 PRO, HD 3/117 and 118.
67 PRO, WO 105/42; IOL, L.Mil 17/5/1739.
68 PRO, HD 3/118B.
69 Narain, Press and Politics, 254–5.
70 Daily Graphic, 28 August 1898.
71 PRO, FO 800/140, 56.
72 Addy, 69.
73 PRO, FO 800/140, 145.
74 E.g. Fleming, Bayonets to Lhasa (1961) and French, Younghusband, 154–252.
75 PRO, HD 3/125, I, Hardinge to Stevenson, 17 June 1904.
76 PRO, HD 3/125, II, passim.
77 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,695, 2, 55, 87, 97.
78 Cobbold, 311.
79 Morris, ‘Intelligence and its interpretation &c.’, in Andrew and Noakes (eds), Intelligence and International Relations, 81.
80 IOL, LPS 10/270, passim.
81 Robertson, Chitral &c., 50–51.
5: Never at Peace
1 Younghusband, Indian Frontier Warfare, 141.
2 Hopkirk, Great Game.
3 Chums, 4 May 1898.
4 Chums, 24 August and 30 November 1898.
5 Henty, Through Three Campaigns.
6 Henty, The Soldier’s Daughter.
7 Daily Graphic, 31 August, 10 and 15 September 1897.
8 The Times, 4 October 1897.
9 Daily Graphic, 10 August and 18 December 1897.
10 Illustrated London News, 28 August and 30 October 1897.
11 Illustrated London News, 4 December 1897.
12 Daily Graphic, 15 November 1897.
13 Chums, 21 September 1898.
14 Mackenzie (ed.), Popular Imperialism and the Military, 65, 77.
15 Ibid., 149.
16 Parry, 308–9, 310.
17 Younghusband, Forty Years &c., 135–6.
18 R. Churchill, 359–60.
19 Parry, 297.
20 W. Churchill, Frontiers and Wars, 17.
21 Fincastle and Elliot-Lockhart, 229.
22 Moreman, ‘The British and Indian Armies &c.’, JICH, XX, 36.
23 W. Churchill, My Early Life, 149.
24 Moreman, ‘The Arms Trade &c.’, JICH, 23, 194–5.
25 Dunsterville, 130–1.
26 Moreman, ‘The Arms Trade &c.’, JICH, 23, 205.
27 Younghusband, Forty Years, 247.
28 Lindholm, 163.
29 Blood, 313.
30 Mason, Report on the Hindustani Fanatics, 14.
31 Walters, 35.
32 Hoghton, 19.
33 PRO, WO 106/108.
34 Fincastle and Elliot-Lockhart, 22.
35 Russell and Khan, ‘The Satirical Verses &c.’, MAS, 8, 11.
36 Younghusband and Younghusband, 85; Churchill, My Early Life, 145.
37 Warburton, 343.
38 Robertson, Chitral &c., 7, 30.
39 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, I, 312.
40 PRO, WO 106/290, 2, 13.
41 NAM, Alston, 8005-151-2, n.n.
42 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,537, 12.
43 SRO, Lindsay, RH 2/8/69, 36, 30–5.
44 James, Rise and Fall &c.
45 Hansard, 4th series, LIV, 283–4, 403.
46 Ibid., 3rd series, CCCII, 188–9; 314–18, 1038–9.
47 Durand, Life of Field Marshal Sir George White, I, 353.
48 Ibid., 348, 353.
49 Roberts in India, 359, 365.
50 Younghusband, Frontier Warfare, 52.
51 Lindsay, ‘Letters &c.’, JSAHR, LIV, 152, 154, 157, 160.
52 LHC, Moore 2 (H. E. Mitchell, ‘Reports on the Naga Hills &c.’, 8, 9, 16).
53 Ibid., 11.
54 NAM, Alston, 8005-151-2, n.n.
55 Hansard, 4th series, LIII, 2.
56 Moreman, ‘The Arms Trade &c.’, JICH, XXII, 194.
57 Minto, 35.
58 Willcocks, 225–6.
6: Conciliatory Sugar Plums
1 Wolpert, Morley &c., 236.
2 Ibid., 151.
3 Koss, 136–7, 142.
4 Das, India under Morley, 147–8; NLS, Minto, Ms 12,756, 196–7, 520.
5 Pandey, ‘Rallying round the Cow &c.’, Subaltern Studies, II, 110.
6 Low (ed.), 133.
7 Wolpert, Morley &c., 39.
8 Sedition Committee Report, 76.
9 Letter in The Times, 6 June 1908.
10 Koss, 103.
11 Ibid., 100.
12 The Times, 14 and 26 November 1906.
13 Hansard, 4th series, CLXV, 971; CLVIII, 1129; CLXII, 414.
14 NLS, Minto Ms 12,756, 204.
15 Ibid., 109–13, 494–5, 496, 528.
16 Barrier, ‘The Punjab Disturbances &c.’, in Hardiman (ed.), Peasant Resistance, 291–2.
17 Ibid., 493.
18 Wolpert, Morley &c., 107.
19 NLS, Minto, Ms 12,757, 188.
20 Ibid., 12,756, 520.
21 Ibid., 511.
22 Ibid., 203.
23 Ibid., 328.
24 Barrier, ‘The Punjab Disturbances &c.’, in Hardiman (ed.), Peasant Resistance, 251–2.
25 BL, Spender, Add Mss 46,391, 256.
26 Tripathi, 115, 132–3.
27 BL, Sydenham, Add Mss 50,832, 206–7.
28 The Times, 24 July 1909.
29 Ibid., 1 and 10 August 1908.
30 Popplewell, 143.
31 BL, Sydenham, Add Mss 50,833, 108.
32 Popplewell, Intelligence &c. 127–8.
33 Omissi, 20.
34 Sedition Committee Report, 58.
35 IOL, Mss Eur, Muspratt, F 223/92, 50.
36 Wolpert, Morley &c., 164.
37 Letter to The Times, 6 June 1908.
38 Arnold, ‘Industrial Violence in Colonial India &c.’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22, 241.
39 Casserly, 311.
40 ‘Xeres’, ‘On Tour with an Indian Proconsul’, Blackwoods, 201, passim.
41 Baden-Powell, 17.
42 Fuller, Empire of India,
375–76.
43 Dewey, 204.
44 Anon, ‘Unrest in India’, Quarterly Review, 209, 248; Fuller, Studies in Indian Life, 343–4.
45 Ibid., 222.
Part Six: Disturbances and Departures
1: True to Our Salt
1 The Times, 17 August 1914.
2 Menezes, 266.
3 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, I, 545–6, 838, 1010–11, 1440.
4 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, 6.
5 NAM, Maxwell, 7402-28-109, 18 September 1884.
6 Durand, The Making &c., 21.
7 Younghusband, A Soldier’s Memories, 301–3, 311–12.
8 Browning, 31.
9 Cohen, ‘Mesopotamia in British Strategy &c.’, IJMES, 9, 172–3.
10 Moberley, I, 86–7.
11 IOL, L.Mil 17/5/3223, 6, 8, 13, 20.
12 IOL, L.Mil 17/3224, 22, 31, 39.
13 Moberley, I, 172–3.
14 Popplewell, ‘British Intelligence in Mesopotamia’, in Handel (ed.), Intelligence and Military Operations, 139.
15 Moberley, I, 343.
16 PRO, WO 33/768, 3749, 3852.
17 PRO, WO 32/5198, nos 99 and 102.
18 IOL, L.Mil 17/5/3250, 43.
19 PRO, WO 158/668, 149.
20 IOL, L.Mil 17/3250, 28–9, 60, 90, 111.
21 Macpherson and Mitchell, IV, 211, 215–16.
22 Macpherson, Horrocks and Beveridge, I, 152–3.
23 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, I, 19, 54; also 70, 204, 458.
24 PRO, WO 95/ 575, App. 116.
25 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, I, 23.
26 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, I, 826, 1292.
27 Martin, ‘The Influence of Racial Attitude &c.’, JICH, 14, 93, 94, 96.
28 IOL, L.Mil 5/827, 544.
29 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, 120, 121, 138, 189, 258, 649–50.
30 Anon, ‘A Lady Experiences &c.’, Blackwoods, 193, 783.
31 PRO, WO 32/8560.
32 IOL, L.Mil 5/827, 676–7.
33 Popplewell, Intelligence &c., 174–5.
34 PRO, WO 106/1413, GOC Singapore to WO, 3 September 1915.
35 Ibid.
36 Hopkirk, On Secret Service &c., 189–91.
37 Menezes, 281.
38 Gandhi, XIV, 484.
39 For an entertaining account of the activities of Mrs Besant and her fellow Theosophists, see P. Washington, Madame Blavatsky’s Baboon (New York, 1993).
40 Mortimer, ‘Annie Besant &c.’, Journal of Contemporary History, 18, 63–4.
41 Montagu, 16, 17, 59, 60.
42 Hansard, 5th series, 116, 2320, 2347.
43 Spectator, 20 July 1918.
44 Saturday Review, 13 July 1918.
45 Hansard, 5th series, 116, 2324, 2338, 2392–5.
46 IOL, L.Mil 5/827, 650.
47 IOL, L.Mil 5/825, 1216; 827, 840.
48 Simeon, ‘The Great TISCO Strike &c.’, IESHR, 30, 135–6.
49 Indian Munitions Board, 11.
50 Tomlinson, The Political Economy of the Raj, 58–9.
51 The Economist, 5 April and 1 November 1919.
52 Ray, Urban Roots &c., 82.
53 Mann, 43, 126–39.
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