To the Letter
Page 37
Meyer, Jessica, Men of War: Masculinity and the First World War in Britain (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008)
Mitford, Jessica, Decca: The Letters of Jessica Mitford, edited by Peter Y. Sussman (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2006)
Motion, Andrew, Keats (Faber and Faber, London, 1997)
Mossiker, Frances, Madame de Sévigné: A Life and Letters (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1983)
Mullan, John, What Matters in Jane Austen? (Bloomsbury, London, 2012)
Nin, Anaïs and Miller, Henry, A Literate Passion: Letters of Anaïs Nin & Henry Miller, edited by Gunther Stuhlmann (Harcourt Brace & Company, San Diego, 1987)
Oldfield, Sybil, ed., Afterwords: Letters on the Death of Virginia Woolf (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2005)
The Paston Letters, edited by Norman Davis (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983)
Petrarch: The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters, introduced and selected by James Harvey Robinson (G.P. Putnam & Sons, New York and London, 1909)
Plath, Sylvia, Letters Home (Faber and Faber, London, 1975)
Pliny the Younger, The Letters of the Younger Pliny, translated by Betty Radice (Penguin Books, London, 1963)
Poster, Carol and Mitchell, Linda C., eds, Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present (University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina, 2007)
Richlin, Amy, ed., Marcus Aurelius in Love (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006)
Roberts, William, History of Letter-Writing: From the Earliest Period to the Fifth Century (William Pickering, London, 1843)
Robertson, J, The Art of Letter Writing (University Press of Liverpool, Liverpool, 1942)
Rosenmeyer, Patricia A., Ancient Epistolary Fictions: The Letter in Greek Literature (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001)
Rotunno, Laura Victorian Literature and Culture (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005)
Rummel, Erika, ed., The Erasmus Reader (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1990)
Seneca, Selected Philosophical Letters, edited by Brad Inwood (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007)
Sévigné, Madame de, Selected Letters (Penguin Books, London, 1982)
Stanhope, Philip (Second Earl of Chesterfield), Some Short Observations for the Lady Mary Stanhope Concerning the Writing of Ordinary Letters (Farmington, Conn., 1934)
Stanhope, Philip (Fourth Earl of Chesterfield), Letters to His Son and Others (Dutton, London, 1986)
Thomas, Katie-Louise, Postal Pleasures: Sex, Scandal and Victorian Letters (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012)
Tingey, John, The Englishman Who Posted Himself and Other Curious Objects (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2010)
Vaughn, Sally N., St Anselm and the Handmaidens of God (Brepolis, Turnhout, 2002)
Whyman, Susan E., The Pen and the People: English Letter Writers, 1660–1800 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009
Woolf, Virginia, Leave The Letters Till We’re Dead: The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Vol VI, edited by Nigel Nicholson (Hogarth Press, London, 1978)
Picture Credits
While every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders of illustrations, the author and publishers would be grateful for information about any illustrations where they have been unable to trace them, and would be glad to make amendments in further editions.
p6 Courtesy of the British Postal Museum and Archive, London, UK/© Royal Mail Group Ltd./The Bridgeman Art Library; p8 Courtesy of the British Postal Museum and Archive, London, UK/© Royal Mail Group Ltd. /The Bridgeman Art Library; p16 Courtesy of Bloomsbury Auctions; p22 Courtesy of Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images/The Bridgeman Art Library p33 Courtesy of the Vindolanda Trust; p35 ©Adam Stanford and the Vindolanda Trust; p36 © the Vindolanda Trust; p39 © the Vindolanda Trust; p50 Source: Wikimedia Commons; p56 Courtesy of De Agostini Picture Library/A. Dagli Orti/The Bridgeman Art Library p63 Courtesy of Private Collection/Photo © Agnew’s, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library; p67 Used with kind permission of Bernard Barker; p73 Courtesy of De Agostini Picture Library/G. Nimatallah/The Bridgeman Art Library; p75 ©Jim Linwood; p83 Photography © The Art Institute of Chicago; p84 Courtesy of Universal Studios Licensing LLC; p87 Courtesy of Private Collection/© Look and Learn/The Bridgeman Art Library; p96 Courtesy of Universal History Archive/UIG/The Bridgeman Art Library; p103 Courtesy of Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; p107 © The British Library Board (General Reference Collection C.40.b.35); p123 Courtesy of British Library, London, UK/© British Library Board. All Rights Reserved/The Bridgeman Art Library; p125 Courtesy of Universal History Archive/UIG /The Bridgeman Art Library; p128 Courtesy of Palazzo Barberini, Rome, Italy/The Bridgeman Art Library; Courtesy of Hever Castle, Kent, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library; p130 © The British Library Board. (Add. 22587, f.22v); p135 Courtesy of Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; p140 ©Simon Annand; p151 Courtesy of Musee de la Ville de Paris, Musee Carnavalet, Paris, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library; p163,167,178,182,185,188 Courtesy of Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images/The Bridgeman Art Library; p191 Photo © Neil Holmes/The Bridgeman Art Library; p192 Courtesy of Private Collection/© Look and Learn/The Bridgeman Art Library p194 ©Bonhams; p199 Courtesy of The Albert Einstein Archives, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel/Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images/The Bridgeman Art Library/; p208 Courtesy of Photo Pierpont Morgan Library/Art Resource/Scala, Florence; p210 Courtesy of Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; p213 Courtesy of Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; p217 Courtesy of Private Collection/The Stapleton Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; p218 © The British Library Board. (C.71.cc.8); p227 Courtesy of The Royal Mail/The British Postal Museum; p229 Courtesy of Private Collection/Ken Welsh /The Bridgeman Art Library; p247 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images; p255 Courtesy of Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.; p262 Source: Wikimedia Commons; p264 © Zoe James; p265 © Royal Magazine; p266 Courtesy of The British Postal Museum and Archive, London UK, 2013; p276 Courtesy of The British Postal Museum and Archive, London UK; p280 Courtesy of Trustees of the Watts Gallery, Compton, Surrey, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library; p282 Courtesy of Westmount Public Library Postcard Collection, Westmount, Québec, Canada; p292 From the collection of William B. Beekman, courtesy Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, Inc.; p294 Copyright ©Estate of Vanessa Bell courtesy of Henrietta Garnett/The British Postal Museum and Archive, London UK; p297 From the collection of William B. Beekman, courtesy Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, Inc.; p298 From the collection of William B. Beekman, courtesy Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, Inc.; p307 From the collection of Edward White, courtesy Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, Inc.; Photograph by Tom Palumbo; p308 From the collection of Edward White, courtesy Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, Inc.; p309 From the collection of Edward White, courtesy Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, Inc.; p314 Used by kind permission of Rachael Hetherington; p316 Courtesy of the University of Sussex archive; p331 Copyright © Peanuts Worldwide LLC.; p337 Courtesy of Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; p342 Courtesy of Keats House, Hampstead, London, UK / Photo © Neil Holmes/The Bridgeman Art Library; p346 Courtesy of Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images/The Bridgeman Art Library; p349 Courtesy of Warshaw Collection of Business Americana –Telegraph, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution; p351 Photo Soichi Sunami © The Anaïs Nin Trust; ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images; p362 Courtesy of Private Collection/Photo © Mark Gerson/The Bridgeman Art Library; p378 Courtesy of Gerald Hughes collection, Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University; p382 © The British Library Board. (The Olwyn Hughes archive); p391©Dan Murphy; p394 Courtesy of BBN Technologies; p402 Courtesy of the Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin; p411,414,422 Used with kind permission of Bernard Barker; p428 ©Deb Olin Unferth; p435 Courtesy of Stephen Ongpin; p436 Courtesy of ADAGP, Pa
ris and DACS, London 2013/Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images/The Bridgeman Art Library; p439 © Derek Harper; p443 Courtesy of The British Postal Museum and Archive, London UK
Permission Credits
While every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders, the author and publishers would be grateful for information about any copyright material where they have been unable to trace them, and would be glad to make amendments in further editions.
Charlie Brown quotation on p. vii Copyright © Peanuts Worldwide LLC. Chris Barker and Bessie Moore letters used with kind permission of Bernard Barker. Extract from a Dylan Thomas letter to Nancy Thomas, taken from Dylan Thomas: The Collected Letters edited by Paul Ferris, published by Weidenfeld & Nicholson Ltd (Orion Publishing Group). Reproduced by kind permission of David Higham Associates. Extracts from Jack Kerouac letters: permission sought from the Estate of Jack Kerouac/Sterling Lord Literistic. Extracts from Virginia Woolf letters taken from The Letters of Virginia Woolf edited by Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautman, published by The Hogarth Press and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Reprinted by kind permission of The Random House Group Limited/The Society of Authors as the Literary Representative of the Estate of Virginia Woolf. Extracts from Leonard Woolf letters used by kind permission of The University of Sussex and the Society of Authors as the Literary Representative of the Estate of Leonard Woolf. Extracts from Vanessa Bell letters to Vita Sackville-West taken from The Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell edited by Regina Marler, published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. Copyright ©Estate of Vanessa Bell, courtesy of Henrietta Garnett. John Farrelly condolence letter to Leonard Woolf reproduced by kind permission of George Farrelly. Vita Sackville West letters reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Group Ltd, London on behalf of The Estate of Vita Sackville West. Copyright ©Vita Sackville West 1941. Extracts from Henry Miller and Anaïs Nin letters taken from A Literate Passion: The Letters of Anaïs Nin and Henry Miller edited by Gunther Stuhlmann, published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Permission to quote kindly granted by The Anaïs Nin Trust. All rights reserved. Extracts taken from Letters of Ted Hughes © Estate of Ted Hughes and reprinted by permission of Faber and Faber Ltd. Extracts taken from Letters Home © Estate of Aurelia Plath and reprinted by permission of Faber and Faber Ltd. Extracts from Mass Observation letters reproduced with kind permission of Curtis Brown Group Ltd, London on behalf of The Trustees of the Mass Observation Archive. Copyright © The Trustees of the Mass Observation Archive.
Index
Abelard, Pierre 74–81, 77n, 79n, 248
castration 77, 78
remembered 82–4, 341n, 351
Abracadabra (magazine) 30
Academy Club (Soho) 195
‘Act for the Setting of the Postage of England, Scotland and Ireland’ (1657) 134
Addison, Joseph 214
addresses 257–9, 263–5, 276–7
email 394
handwritten 261, 439n
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) 392–3
The Advancement of Learning (Bacon) 138
Age of Enlightenment 171
aging 55, 85, 90
Seneca on 56–7
‘airgraph’ service 389n
airmail 389n
Albee, Edward 303
Alberic of Monte Cassino 99
Alexander the Great 45
Ali Bongo (magician) 14
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll) 25
All The Year Round (journal) 279, 279n, 280
Alvarez, Al 369, 384n
Ambrosian Library (Milan) 72
America Online 408
American Airlines 391, 433
Amis, Kingsley 439
‘An Arundel Tomb’ (Larkin) 426
Antipater 45
The Antonine Itinerary 40
‘Aquamarine Girl’ (illusion) 13, 15, 27
Ariel poems (Plath) 195
Aristotle 97, 97n, 157
Armitage, Simon 381
Army Postal Service 389n
Arnulf of Orleans 100
Arpanet 393, 395
ars dictaminis 98
ars notariae 99
Arsinoe 45
Art Institute (Chicago) 82
Artemon 97
Asquith, Prime Minister Herbert Henry 266
Astrolabe 77
@ sign 394–5
Athenaeum 187
Atkin, Pete 29
Atkins, Jeff 18, 30
Atlantic (magazine) 248
Atticus 51, 54
auction houses 200
Bloomsbury Auctions 13–14, 18, 23–6
Bonhams 192, 194, 195
Christie’s 176, 185, 190n
Sotheby’s 176, 183, 195, 333, 334
Auden, W.H. 20, 23, 340, 398
Austen, Cassandra 206, 209, 212, 214–15, 220–1
Austen, Edward 209–11, 211n
Austen, George 209–11, 211n
Austen, Jane 97n, 200, 206–22, 281, 340
death 206–7, 221, 222
Austen-Leigh, James Edward 221
Bacon, Francis 138
Bancroft, Anne 437
Banks, Russell 407–8
Banks, Stephen 407
Barker, Bernard 424–5
Barker, Elizabeth see Moore, Elizabeth (Bessie)
Barker, Signalman H.C.
letters to Bessie 66–70, 92–4, 114–19, 172–5, 201–5, 232–5, 267–70, 286–9, 319–22, 356–7, 385–7, 410–13, 416–19, 420–3, 424–6
personal history 68, 117n, 231, 319, 321, 323, 328–9, 389n, 416, 424–5
Barnard, Megan 403–7, 409
Barrett Browning, Elizabeth 186, 296, 336, 345–8
Bartleby, The Scrivener (Melville) 256–7
Baynes, Pauline 187
Beauharnais, Eugene de 182
Bechtold–McNally Gang 262
Beekman, Bill 302–4
Beinecke Library (Yale) 405
Being John Malkovich (film) 84
Bell, Clive 290, 291–2, 302
Bell, Vanessa (née Stephen) 290, 293–4, 302–4
Bender, Aimee 427
benevolentiae captatio 99
Berg Collection 299
Bernard d’Agesci, Auguste 82
Between the Acts (Woolf) 293n
Birley, Eric 32–3
Birley, Robin 31–3, 38
birthday letters 40–2
Birthday Letters (Hughes) 368–9
Black Sun Press 25
Blackshaw, Susan 34–5
Blackwood’s Magazine 242
Blake, Harrison 245–6
Bloomsbury Auctions 13–14, 18, 23–6
Bloomsbury group 291, 316n, 401
Boccaccio 86, 89, 90, 263
Bodleian Library (Oxford) 104, 405
Boleyn, Anne 127–33
Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) 391, 393
Boncompagno of Signa 95–6, 98
Boncompagnonus (Boncompagnus) 95, 97
The Bonfire of the Vanities (Wolfe) 299
Bonhams 192, 194, 195
book group 252–3
‘born digital’, defined 405
Bosworth, Harry 15
Boureau, Alain 96, 101n
Bowman, A.K. 36
Brabourne, Lord 221
Braham, Lord (First Lord of the Admiralty) 190
Brawne, Fanny 337–43
Bray, William Reginald 263–6
Breton, Nicholas 108–9
Britannia (journal) 34
British Library 383, 405
British Museum 21n, 34, 39, 121, 404
British Postal Museum and Archive 282
Brontë, Charlotte 186, 187, 190
Brooks, ‘Pretty’ Frank 262
Brown, Charles 336, 338
Brown, Richard D. 236n
Browning, Robert 336, 345–8
elopement 345
Burge, James 84
business letters 97, 108, 121, 240, 283
Bussy-Rabutin, Roger de (Count de Bussy) 150, 155
Byron, George Gordon Lord 197
Calpurnia 71, 72
Cameron, Samantha 23
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 424
Caninius Rufus 58
Canterbury, Archbishop of 99
Capmas, Charles 156
Capmas manuscript 156
cards 282, 330–4, 402
Carlyle, Thomas 222–3
‘Carmo & the Vanishing Lion’ (illusion) 15
Carrey, Jim 84
The Carriers Cosmographie (Taylor) 136n
Carroll, Lewis 25, 192, 275–9
Cassady, Neal 307, 310–11
Catherine of Aragon 127
Catherine de Medici 186
Cecil, Sir Robert 124–6
Celene 309, 312n
censorship 134, 136–8
‘The Challenge Handcuff Act’ 13
Champmesle, Mademoiselle de 154
Charles II, King 136
Charles, Prince 440
Chartier, Roger 101n
Chekhov 186
Chen Kwan Yi 283
The Cherry Orchard (Chekhov) 186
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl 156–8, 163, 164, 165
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl 163–71, 197, 271
widow of 163–4
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl 171
Chiavaroli, Neville 80n
Ching Ling Foo 15
Cho, Margaret 427
A Choice of Shakespeare’s Verse (ed Hughes) 382
Christianity 74–5, 76–8, 79n, 81, 101–2, 135
Christie’s 176, 185, 190n
Chung Ling Soo (William E. Robinson) 14–15
Churchill, Winston 196, 441
Cicero, Marcus Tullius 50–4, 55n, 82, 85, 87, 98, 101, 105, 107, 157
Clarissa (Richardson) 216, 217