Paris '44: The City of Light Redeemed
Page 61
19 Churchill. Vol 6. Page 281. Kersaudy. Page 377.
20 De Gaulle. Mémoires de Guerre. Plon, 1999. Page 645.
21 Ibid.
22 Lacouture. Page 42.
23 Lacouture. Page 43.
24 Mortimer-Moore, William. Free France’s Lion. Casemate, 2011. Pages 346–360.
25 Lacouture. Page 47.
26 Massu, Jacques. Sept ans avec Leclerc. Éditions du Rocher, 1997. Pages 219–220.
27 Girard, Christian. Journal de Guerre. L’Harmattan, 1975. Page 369.
28 Notin, Jean-Christophe. Leclerc. Perrin, 2005. Pages 330–331.
29 For a full translation of this speech, see Free France’s Lion by William Mortimer-Moore. Pages 402–403.
30 Lottman, Herbert. Pétain. Seuil, 1984. Pages 537–539.
31 Isorni, Jacques. Philippe Pétain. La Table Ronde, 1973. Page 476, & Beevor and Cooper. Page 191.
32 Beevor and Cooper. Page 194, & Boegner. Pages 352–353.
33 Kupferman, Fred. Laval 1883–1945. Champs Flammarion, 1988. Pages 512–513.
34 Lacouture. Pages 82–83.
35 Beevor and Cooper. Page 195.
36 Veillon, Dominique. Lieux de Mémoire et Commémoration. Essay for Paris 1944. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 491.
37 Castetbon, Philippe. Ici est tombé. Éditions Tirésias, 2004. Pages 36–41 and Pages 188–193.
38 Castetbon. Pages 219–225.
39 Bourget, Pierre. Paris ’44. Plon, 1984. Page 303.
40 Billotte, Pierre. Le Temps des Armes. Plon, 1972. Page 331.
41 Lambauer, Barbara. Otto Abetz et les Français. Fayard, 2001. Page 688.
42 Lambauer. Page 640.
43 Lambauer. Page 689.
44 Billotte. Page 330.
45 Billotte. Page 331.
46 Billotte. Pages 331–332.
47 Ibid.
48 Billotte. Page 332.
49 Taittinger, Pierre. Et Paris ne fut pas détruit. Nouvelles Éditions Latines, 1956. Page 174.
Select Bibliography
The following list contains those source books which have been used directly in my own account of events in and involving Paris during 1944. This list does not pretend to be exhaustive or to represent the full extent of my reading. It is simply intended to serve as an indicator of the wells where I have sipped, hoping that those readers who wish to know more can then acquire some of these books and develop a deeper knowledge of this fascinating chapter of Second World War history for themselves.
Amouroux, Henri. Le Peuple du Désastre. Laffont 1976.
Aron, Robert. De Gaulle before Paris. Putnam 1962.
Atkinson, Rick. An Army at Dawn. Little Brown 2003.
Atkinson, Rick. The Guns at Last Light. Little Brown 2013.
Aziz, Pierre. Tu trahiras sans vergogne. Fayard 1973.
Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway. Scribners 1969.
Barnet, Correlli. Editor. Hitler’s Generals. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1989.
Beach, Sylvia. Shakespeare and Company. Bison 1991.
Beevor, Antony. D-Day. Penguin Viking 2009.
Beevor, Antony, with Artemis Cooper. Paris after the Liberation. 1944–1949. Hamish Hamilton 1994.
Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2006.
Beevor, Antony. The Second World War. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2012.
Bergot, Erwan. La 2ème DB. Presses de la Cité 1980.
Berthon, Simon. Allies at War. Harper Collins 2001.
Béthouart, General Émile. Cinq Années d’Ésperance. Plon 1968.
Billotte, Pierre. Le Temps des Armes. Plon 1972.
Blumenson, Martin. The Battle of the Generals. Morrow 1993.
Blumenson, Martin. Editor. The Patton Papers. Da Capo 1974.
Blumenson, Martin. The Duel for France, 1944. Da Capo 2000.
Boegner, Philippe. Editor. Carnets du Pasteur Boegner, 1940–1945. Fayard 1992.
Boissieu, Alain de. Pour Combattre avec de Gaulle. Plon 1981.
Boterf, Herve le. La Vie Parisienne sous l’Occupation. 2 vols. Éditons France Empire 1975.
Bourderon, Roger. Rol-Tanguy. Tallandier 2004.
Bourdan, Pierre. Carnet de Retour avec la Division Leclerc. Trémois 1945.
Bourget, Pierre. Paris 44. Plon 1984.
Bradley, General Omar. A General’s Life. Simon and Schuster 1983.
Braibant, Charles. La guerre à Paris. Corrêa 1945.
Branet, Jacques. L’Escadron. Flammarion 1968.
Bruce, Colonel David. Edited Nelson Lankford. OSS against the Reich. Kent State UP 1991.
Burleigh, Michael. Moral Combat. Collins 2010.
Callil, Carmen. Bad Faith. Jonathan Cape 2006.
Carrington, Lord. Reflect on Things Past. Collins 1988.
Castetbon, Philippe. Ici est tombé. Éditions Tirésias 2004.
Cazaux, Yves. Journal secret de la Libération. Albin Michel 1975.
Chaban-Delmas, Jacques. L’Ardeur. Stock 1975.
Chambrun, René de. Pierre Laval. Traitor or Patriot. Scribners 1984.
Choltitz, Dietrich von. De Sébastopol à Paris. Éditons J’ai lu 1969.
Cobb, Matthew. The Resistance. Simon and Schuster 2010.
Cobb, Matthew. Eleven Days in August. Simon and Schuster 2013.
Collins, Larry & Dominique Lapierre. Is Paris Burning? Gollancz 1965.
Compagnon, General Jean. Leclerc. Flammarion 1994.
Cook, Don. Charles de Gaulle, A Biography. Putnam 1983.
Crémieux, Francis. La vérité sur la Libération de Paris. Belfond 1971.
Crémieux-Brilhac, Jean-Louis. La France Libre. 2 vols. Gallimard 1996.
Curtis, Michael. Verdict on Vichy. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2002.
Dansette, Adrien. Histoire de la Libération de Paris. Fayard 1966.
Debu-Bridel, Jacques. De Gaulle et le CNR. Paris France Empire 1978.
D’Este, Carlo. Decision in Normandy. Collins 1983.
D’Este, Carlo. Patton—A Genius for War. Harper Collins 1995.
D’Este, Carlo. Eisenhower, Allied Supreme Commander. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2003.
Dronne, Raymond. La Libération de Paris. Éditions France Empire 1970.
Dronne, Raymond. Carnets de Route. Éditons France Empire 1984.
Duff-Cooper, Alfred. Old Men Forget. Hart-Davis 1953.
Edsell, Robert. Monuments Men. Preface Publishing 2009.
Egremont, Max. Under Two Flags: The Life of Major-General Sir Edward Spears. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1997.
Favreau, Bertrand. Georges Mandel—ou la passion de la République. Fayard 1996.
Feliciano, Hector. The Lost Museum. Basic Books. New York. 1995.
Fenby, Jonathan. The General. Simon and Schuster 2010.
Fest, Joachim. Plotting Hitler’s Death. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1996.
Forget, Dominique. Le Général Leclerc et la 2è DB. Heimdal 2008.
Fraser, General Sir David. War and Shadows. Penguin Allen Lane 2002.
Galante, Pierre. Hitler Lives and the Generals Die. Sidgwick and Jackson 1982.
Galtier-Boissière, Jean. Mon Journal pendant l’Occupation. La Jeune Parque 1944.
Gaulle, Charles de. Mémoires de Guerre. Plon 1999 edn.
Gaulle, Philippe de. Mémoires Accessoires, 1921–1946. Plon 1997.
Gaulle, Philippe de & Michel Tauriac. De Gaulle Mon Père. vols 1&2. Plon 2003.
Gildea, Robert. Marianne in Chains. Macmillan 2002.
Gilles, Christian. Arletty ou la liberté d’être. L’Harmattan 1988.
Gilot, Françoise. Vivre avec Picasso. Éditions 10/18. 1964.
Giolitto, Pierre. L’histoire de la Milice. Perrin 1997.
Girard, Christian. Journal de Guerre. L’Harmattan 2000.
Goudeket, Maurice. Close to Colette. Secker and Warburg 1957.
Gribius, André. La vie d’un officier. Éditons France Empire 1971.
Guérin, Alain. La Résistance. Le Livre Club Diderot 1976.
Guitry, Sacha. Quatre Ans d’Occup
ation. Éditions de l’Élan 1947.
Guy, Claude. En écoutant de Gaulle. Grasset 1996.
Hamilton, Nigel. Monty. 3 vols. Hamish Hamilton 1984.
Hansen, Randall. Disobeying Hitler. Faber and Faber 2014.
Harding, James. Sacha Guitry: The Last Boulevardier. Methuen 1968.
Hastings, Max. Overlord. Michael Joseph 1984.
Hoffmann, Peter. The History of the German Resistance, 1939–1945. MIT Press 1977.
Horne, Alistair. To Lose a Battle. Macmillan 1969.
Horne, Alistair. Seven Ages of Paris. Macmillan 2002.
Hostache, René. De Gaulle 1944: Victoire de la Legitimité. Plon 1978.
Huffington, Ariana Stasinopoulos. Picasso—Creator and Destroyer. Simon and Schuster 1988.
Ismay, General Lord. Memoirs. Heinemann 1960.
Isorni, Jacques. Philippe Pétain. Éditions La Table Ronde 1973.
Jackson, Julian. France—The Dark Years. Oxford UP 2001.
Junger, Ernst. Second Journal Parisien. Christian Bourgeois 1995.
Kaiser, Arthur. Un artisan Alsacien dans la Division Leclerc. Éditon Muller 2001.
Kaplan, Alice. The Collaborator: The Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach. Chicago UP 2000.
Kaspi, André. La Liberation de la France. Juin 1944–Janvier 1946. Perrin 1995.
Keegan, John. Six Armies in Normandy. Jonathan Cape 1982.
Kersaudy, François. Churchill and de Gaulle. Fontana 1990.
Kersaudy, François. De Gaulle et Roosevelt. Tempus 2006.
Kriegel-Valrimont, Maurice. Mémoires Rebelles. Éditons Odile Jacob 1999.
Kupferman, Fred. Laval, 1883–1945. Flammarion 1988.
Lacouture, Jean. De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944. Collins Harvill 1990.
Lacouture, Jean. De Gaulle: The Ruler, 1944–1980. Collins Harvill 1990.
Lambauer, Barbara. Otto Abetz et les français. Fayard 2001.
Langlade, Paul de. En suivant Leclerc. Au fil d’Ariane 1964.
Lehrer, Stephen. Wartime Sites in Paris. SF Tafel 2013.
Levisee-Touzé, Christine. L’Afrique du Nord dans la guerre. Albin Michel 1998.
Levisse-Touzé, Christine. Editor. Du Capitaine de Hauteclocque au Général Leclerc. Éditons Complexe 2000.
Levisse-Touzé, Christine. Editor. Paris 1944. Les Enjeux de la Libération. Albin Michel 1994.
Lormier, Dominique. La Libération de la France, jour après jour. Cherche Midi 2012.
Lottmann, Herbert. Pétain. Seuil 1984.
Lottmann, Herbert. The People’s Anger. Hutchinson 1986.
Lottmann, Herbert. The Fall of Paris, June 1940. Sinclair-Stevenson 1992.
Luck, Hans von. Panzer Commander. Cassell 1989.
Maggiar, Raymond. Les Fusiliers Marins de Leclerc. Éditions France Empire 1984.
Mangold, Peter. Britain and the Defeated French. IB Tauris 2012.
Martel, André. Leclerc: Le soldat et le politique. Albin Michel 1998.
Massiet, Raymond. La préparation de l’insurrection et la bataille de Paris. Payot 1945.
Massu, Jacques. Sept ans avec Leclerc. Éditons de Rocher 1997.
Massu, Suzanne. Quand j’étais Rochambelle. Grasset 1969.
Maule, Henry. Out of the Sand. Odhams 1964.
La Mazière, Christian de. Ashes of Honour. Wingate 1974.
Mesquida, Evelyn. La Nueve. Cherche-Midi 2011.
Michel, Henri. Paris Allemand. Albin Michel 1982.
Moisson, Pascale. Anecdotes sous la botte. L’Harmattan 1998.
Monod, Dr Robert. Les Heures Décisives de la Libération de Paris. Éditions Gilbert 1947.
Morgan, Ted. FDR—A Biography. Grafton 1985.
Mortimer-Moore, William. Free France’s Lion. Casemate 2011.
Mousseau, Jacques. Chaban-Delmas. Perrin 2000.
Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time, vol. 2: The Infernal Grove. Collins 1973.
Muracciole, Jean-François. La Libération de Paris. Tallandier 2013.
Neiberg, Michael. The Blood of Free Men. Basic Books 2012.
Neillands, Robin. The Battle of Normandy—1944. Cassell 2002.
Neitzel, Sönke. Tapping Hitler’s Generals. Frontline 2007.
Noguères, Henri. L’histoire de la Résistance en France. Robert Lafont 1981.
Nordling, Raoul. Sauver Paris. Éditions Complexe 2002.
Norwich, John Julius. The Duff Cooper Diaries. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2005.
Notin, Jean-Christophe. Leclerc. Perrin 2005.
Ousby, Ian. Occupation—The Ordeal of France 1940–1944. John Murray 1997.
Patton, General George S. War As I Knew It. Houghton Mifflin 1995.
Paxton, Robert O. Vichy France—Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944. Knopf 1972.
Picardy, Justine. Coco Chanel—The Legend and the Life. Harper Collins 2010.
Pierquin, Bernard. Journal d’un étudiant parisien sous l’occupation. Chez l’auteur. 1983.
Pisani, Edgard. Persiste et Signe. Éditions Odile Jacob 1991.
Pryce-Jones, David. Paris in the Third Reich. Collins 1981.
Pyle, Ernie. Ernie’s War. Random House 1986.
Ragueneau, Philippe & Eddy Florentin. Paris Libéré. Ils étaient là! France Empire 2011.
Repiton-Preneuf, Paul. 2e DB—La Campagne de France. Imprimerie Nationale 1994.
Schramm, Wilhelm von. Conspiracy among Generals. Allen and Unwin 1956.
Smith, Colin. Fighting Vichy—England’s Last War with France. Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2010.
Souhami, Diana. Gertrude and Alice. Harper Collins 1991.
Spears, General Sir Edward. Assignment to Catastrophe. 1954.
Taittinger, Pierre. … et Paris ne fut pas detruit. Nouvelles Éditions Latines 1956.
Thomas, Jean-Marie. Un Marin dans La 2e DB. Éditon Muller 2000.
Thurman, Judith. Secrets of the Flesh—A Life of Colette. Bloomsbury 1999.
Tillon, Charles. FTP. Julliard 1962.
Tobin, James. Ernie Pyle’s War. Free Press 1997.
Todd, Olivier. Malraux. Knopf 2005.
Valland, Rose. Les Carnets de Rose Valland. Fage Éditons 2011.
Vézinet, General Adolphe. Le général Leclerc. Éditions France Empire 1997.
Vézy, Édith. “Gargamelle”, mon ambulance guerrière 2è DB. L’Harmattan 1994.
Vigneras, Marcel. Rearming the French. Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, Washington 1957.
Vinatier, Jean. Le Cardinal Suhard. Le Centurion 1983.
Weber, Eugen. Action Française. Stanford UP 1962.
Webster, Paul. Pétain’s Crime. Macmillan 1990.
Whitcombe, Elizabeth. Never a Dull Moment. Ashmole Books 1994.
Williams, Charles. Pétain. Little Brown 2005.
Occupied Paris
Pierre Taittinger, Head of the Paris Municipal Council in which he represented the exclusive Vendôme district. Like Boineburg-Lengsfeld, Abetz and Nordling, Taittinger pleaded fulsomely with von Choltitz not to destroy the city he loved but was, nevertheless, arrested as a collaborator and barred from public life after the war. (Photo: Roger-Viollet/The Image Works.)
Otto Abetz, Nazi Ambassador to Occupied France. An avowed Francophile married to a French woman, also an art thief and despoiler of his wife’s country. When Henriot was killed, Abetz negotiated Georges Mandel’s return to France, which weighed against Abetz at his postwar trial. He advised von Choltitz against destroying Paris and von Choltitz’s statement helped save Abetz from the death penalty. (Photo: Roger-Viollet/The Image Works.)
Vichy Prime Minister Pierre Laval thought collaboration was the most realistic way to mitigate Nazi demands upon his defeated country, even saying he hoped Germany would defeat the Soviet Union. Yet, when Mandel was murdered, Laval cried, “I cannot cover up these horrors any longer.” His attempts to form an interim government were scuppered by the Germans and he was forcibly taken into custody on 17 August. Departing from the Matignon, knowing his guards would switch to de Gaulle, L
aval said, “I envy you.” De Gaulle, however, would never forgive Laval’s weathercock politics and he died a traitor’s death in late 1945. (Photo: Roger-Viollet/The Image Works.)
Vichy propaganda minister Philippe Henriot hectored many young Frenchmen into joining the anti-resistance Milice from 1943 onwards. When he was assassinated at his Rue Solferino apartment on 28 June posters appeared saying, “He told the truth—They killed him.” To de Gaulle’s disgust Henriot was given a state funeral in Notre Dame. (Photo: Roger-Viollet/The Image Works.)
In vengeance for Henriot, French politician Georges Mandel was returned to France from Buchenwald during early July 1944 simply so the Milice could murder him. Mandel’s assassin, Milicien Jean Mansuy, was captured at the Liberation posing as a résistant. (Photo: Roger-Viollet/The Image Works.)
Georges Bidault who replaced Jean Moulin. Bidault greeted Dronne, Granell and Michard to the Hotel de Ville on the evening of 24 August with the words, “Bien joué.”—“Well played.” (Photo: Memorial du Maréchal Leclerc et de la Libération de Paris, Musée Jean Moulin, Ville de Paris.)
Liberators
Captain Alain de Boissieu. Sent by Leclerc to see de Gaulle in December 1943 to ascertain that Leclerc’s division would be chosen to join in the Normandy campaign, Boissieu returned with a letter from de Gaulle appointing Leclerc “interim” military governor of Paris, signifying that Leclerc’s division was chosen to liberate the French capital and re-establish the French state. (Photo: Memorial du Maréchal Leclerc et de la Libération de Paris, Musée Jean Moulin, Ville de Paris.)
Colonel—later General—Pierre Billotte. After escaping from German captivity via Russia, Billotte served as de Gaulle’s ADC from 1942 to 1944 when he replaced Colonel Malaguti as Leclerc’s third battle-group commander. Billotte led the 2e DB’s southern advance into the city which took the liberation. After the war Billotte befriended General von Choltitz. (Photo: Memorial du Maréchal Leclerc et de la Libération de Paris, Musée Jean Moulin, Ville de Paris.)
A former WW1 fighter pilot and cavalry officer, Colonel Paul de Langlade brought enough personnel into Leclerc’s 2e DB to form two tank regiments, including valuable officers like André Gribius. Langlade’s battlegroup helped close the Falaise Gap and liberated western Paris. (Photo: Memorial du Maréchal Leclerc et de la Libération de Paris, Musée Jean Moulin, Ville de Paris.)