The Age of Gold
Page 58
Sawyer, Lorenzo. Way Sketches: Containing Incidents of Travel across the Plains from St. Joseph to California. Selections from the Wisconsin Family Visitor. No publisher or date given.
Scherer, JamesA. B. The First Forty-Niner, and the Story of the Golden Tea-Caddy Minton, Balch & Co. : New York 1925
Schmidbaur, Hubert, ed. Gold: Progress in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology John Wiley & Sons : Chichester, England 1999
Schultz, CharlesR. Forty-Niners ’Round the Horn University of South Carolina Press : Columbia 1999
Scroggs, WilliamO. Filibusters and Financiers: The Story of William Walker and His Associates Russell & Russell : New York 1916
Shaw, Pringle. Ramblings in California: Containing a Description of the Country, Life at the Mines, State of Society, & C. James Bain, no date given. : Toronto:
Shaw, William. Golden Dreams and Waking Realities; Being the Adventures of a Gold-Seeker in California and the Pacific Islands. 1851 Arno Press : New York 1973
Sherman, William Tecumseh, and John Sherman. The Sherman Letters: Correspondence Between General and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891. Edited by Rachel Sherman Thorndike Charles Scribner’s Sons : New York 1894
Sherman, WilliamTecumseh. Home Letters of General Sherman. Edited by M. A. DeWolfe Howe Charles Scribner’s Sons : New York 1909
Sherman, WilliamTecumseh. Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman. 1875 Library of America : New York 1990
Shinn, CharlesHoward. Mining Camps: A Study in American Frontier Government Alfred A. Knopf : New York 1948
Shirley, Dame (Louise Amelia Knapp). California in 1851 [–1852]: The Letters of Dame Shirley. Edited by Carl I. Wheat Grabhorn Press : San Francisco 1933
Sinclair, John. Geological Aspects of Mining Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons : London 1958
Smith, Azariah. The Gold Discovery Journal of Azariah Smith. Edited by David L. Bigler University of Utah Press : Salt Lake City 1990
Snyder, EugeneE. Early Portland: Stump-Town Triumphant Bin- fords & Mort : Portland, Ore. 1970
Soulé, Frank; John H. Gihon James Nisbet. The Annals of San Francisco, Together with the Continuation, Through 1855. 1855 Lewis Osborne : Palo Alto, Calif. 1966 Although this was a joint work, Soulé was the lead author and moving spirit; for the sake of simplicity in the present text, statements made in the Annals have been attributed to him.
Spence, JonathanD. The Search for Modern China W.W. Norton : New York 1990
Spoehr, Alexander. “Hawaii and the Gold Rush: George Allan of the Hudson’s Bay Company Reports on His 1848 Pursuit of Captain John Sutter.” Hawaiian Journal of History 26 (1992): 123–32.
Starr, Kevin. Americans and the California Dream, 1850–1915 Oxford University Press : New York 1973
Starr, Kevin, and Richard J. Orsi, eds. Rooted in Barbarous Soil: People, Culture, and Community in Gold Rush California University of California Press : Berkeley 2000
Stellman, LouisJ. Sam Brannan: Builder of San Francisco Exposition Press : New York 1953
Stephens, L.Dow. Life Sketches of a Jayhawker of ’49 Nolta Bros. : San Jose, Calif. 1916
Sutherland, C.H. V. Gold: Its Beauty, Power and Allure McGraw-Hill : New York 1959
Sutter, JohnA. New Helvetia Diary: A Record of Events Kept by John A. Sutter and His Clerks at New Helvetia, California, from September 9, 1845, to May 25, 1848 Grabhorn Press : San Francisco 1939
Swan, JohnA. A Trip to the Gold Mines of California in 1848. Edited by John A. Hussey Book Club of California : San Francisco 1960
Taylor, Bayard. Eldorado, or, Adventures in the Path of Empire. 1850 Rio Grande Press : Glorieta, N.M. 1967
Taylor, R.R. Seeing the Elephant: Letters of R. R. Taylor, Forty-Niner. Edited by John Walton Caughey Ward Ritchie Press : No place given 1951
Timberlake, RichardH. Monetary Policy in the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History University of Chicago Press : Chicago 1993
Tocqueville, Alexisde. Democracy in America. 1835–40. Edited by J. P. Mayer. Translated by George Lawrence HarperCollins : New York 1988
Twain, Mark, and Charles Dudley Warner. The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. 1873. Edited by Ward Just Oxford University Press : New York 1996
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain’s Letters. 2 vols. Edited by Albert Bigelow Paine Harper & Bros. : New York 1917
Twain, Mark. Mark Twain’s San Francisco. Edited by Bernard Taper McGraw-Hill : New York 1963
Twain, Mark. Roughing It. 1871 American Publishing Co. : Hartford, Conn. 1891
Tyson, JamesL. Diary of a Physician in California: Being the Results of Actual Experience, including Notes of the Journey by Land and Water, and Observations on the Climate, Soil, Resources of the Country, etc D. Appleton & Co. : New York 1850
Unruh, John D. Jr. The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans- Mississippi West, 1840–60 University of Illinois Press : Urbana 1978
VanDorn, William G. Oceanography and Seamanship Dodd, Mead : New York 1974
VanNostrand, Jeanne, and Edith, M. Coulter. California Pictorial: A History in Contemporary Pictures, 1786 to 1859 University of California Press : Berkeley 1948
Varley, JamesF. The Legend of Joaquín Murrieta: California’s Gold Rush Bandit Big Lost River Press : Twin Falls, Idaho 1995
Villiers, Alan. The War with Cape Horn Charles Scribner’s Sons : New York 1971
Walker, William. The War in Nicaragua. S. H. Goetzel & Co. : Mobile, Ala. 1860 (republished by Blaine Ethridge Books, Detroit, 1971).
Ware, JosephE. The Emigrants’ Guide to California. 1849. Edited by John Caughey Da Capo Press : New York 1972
Warren, T.Robinson. Dust and Foam; or, Three Oceans and Two Continents; Being Ten Years’ Wanderings in Mexico, South America, Sandwich Islands, the East and West Indies, China, Philippines, Australia and Polynesia Charles Scribner : New York 1859
Wells, WilliamV. Walker’s Expedition to Nicaragua: A History of the Central American War; and Sonora and Kinney Expeditions Stringer & Townsend : New York 1856
Whipple, A. B. C. The Challenge William Morrow : New York 1987
Wienphal, Robert W., ed. A Gold Rush Voyage on the Bark Orion from Boston around Cape Horn to San Francisco, 1849–1850 Arthur H. Clarke Co. : Glendale, Calif. 1978
Williams, MaryFloyd. History of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1851: A Study of Social Control on the California Frontier in the Days of the Gold Rush. 1921 Da Capo Press : New York 1969
Wilson, Elinor. Jim Beckwourth: Black Mountain Man and War Chief of the Crows University of Oklahoma Press : Norman 1972
Wilson, LuzenaStanley. Memories Recalled Years Later for Her Daughter Corennah Wilson Wright. Eucalyptus Press : Mills College, Calif. 1937
Woods, DanielB. Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings Harper & Bros. : New York 1851
Wright, William (“Dan De Quille”). The Big Bonanza: An Authentic Account of the Discovery, History, and Working of the World-Renowned Comstock Lode of Nevada. Reprint of the 1876 edition. Introduction by Oscar Lewis Alfred A. Knopf : New York 1947
Wyman, Walker D., ed. California Emigrant Letters Bookman Associates : New York 1952
Illustration Credits
Sutter’s Fort: Library of Congress
The mill at Coloma: California State Library
North America circa 1852: map by Laura Hartman Maestro
Ready for anything: California State Library
Entering the mountains: Library of Congress
The Challenge: Peabody Essex Museum
Jean-Nicolas Perlot: Bancroft Library
A long tom: California State Library
Chinese miners: California State Library
California in the 1850’s: map by Laura Hartman Maestro
Home in the gold country: California State Library
A major river operation: Library of Congress
Water cannons: Bancroft Library
Comparing notes: California State Library
Abandoned ships: San Francisco Maritime Historical Park
Sam Brannan: Bancroft Library
San Francisco after the great fire of 1851: Library of Congress
John Frémont: Library of Congress
Jessie Frémont: Southwest Museum
William Sherman: Library of Congress
Leland Stanford: Bancroft Library
George Hearst: Bancroft Library
Mariano Vallejo: Bancroft Library
John Sutter: California State Library
James Marshall: California State Library
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank all the archivists and librarians who made the research for this book such a pleasure. The staffs at the Bancroft Library, the Huntington Library, the California State Library, the Beinecke Library, the Library of Congress, the California Historical Society, the Martha’s Vineyard Historical Society, the Nantucket Historical Association, the Oregon Historical Society, the Peabody Essex Museum, the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, the Southwest Museum, Stanford University’s Green Library, the Evans Library at Texas A&M University, and the Center for American History and the Perry- Castaneda Library at the University of Texas at Austin were thoroughly professional and most helpful.
The author would also like to thank Roger Scholl, William Thomas, and Chava Boylan of Doubleday, and Jim Hornfischer of Hornfischer Literary Management.
FIRST VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION, OCTOBER 2003
Copyright © 2002 by H. W. Brands
Anchor Books and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.
The Library of Congress has cataloged the
Doubleday edition as follows:
Brands, H. W.
The age of gold : the California Gold Rush and the new American
dream / H. W. Brands.—1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 509) and index.
1. California—Gold discoveries. 2. California—Gold discoveries—Social aspects. 3. United States—Civilization—1783–1865. 4. United States—Social conditions—To 1865.
I. Title.
F865 .B76 2002
979.4′04—dc21
2002023776
CIP
eISBN: 978-0-307-48122-1
www.anchorbooks.com
v3.0_r1
ALSO BY
H. W. BRANDS
A masterful biography of the Civil War general and two-term president who saved the Union twice—on the battlefield and in the White House.
“Once again, H.W. Brands has crafted a wonderful portrait of a great leader who endured and prevailed in hours of stress and strain. Brands’s U.S. Grant is a compelling figure, a man too often overlooked by history. This book rectifies that with grace and insight.”—JON MEACHAM, author of American Lion, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for biography
“There is a magnificent unity to this story of Grant’s leadership in both war and peace that is not found anywhere else. In this compelling narrative, Grant emerges more fascinating than ever before.”—DORIS KEARNS GOODWIN, author of Team of Rivals and No Ordinary Time, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for history
www.doubleday.com