Gobekli Tepe

by Andrew Collins

  Leick, Gwendolyn. A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology. New York: Routledge, 1998.

  Lemprière, John. Bibliotheca Classica: A Classical Dictionary. London: T. Cadell, 1788.

  Lewis-Williams, David, and David Pearce. Inside the Neolithic Mind. London: Thames and Hudson, 2005.

  Lindow, John. Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

  Lipinski, Edward. “El’s Abode: Mythological Traditions Related to Mount Hermon and to the Mountains of Armenia.” Orientalia Lovaniensa Periodica 2 (1971): 13–69.

  Lloyd, Seton, and William Brice. “Harran,” Anatolian Studies 1 (1951): 77–111.

  Logan, A. H. B. Gnostic Truth and Christian Heresy. London and New York: Continuum, 1996.

  Lombard, M. “Bored Stones, Lithic Rings and the Concept of Holes in San Shamanism.” Anthropology Southern Africa 25: 1 and 2 (2002): 17–27.

  Long, E. Croft. “The Placenta in Lore and Legend.” Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 51, no. 2 (April 1963): 233–41.

  Lubotsky, Alexander. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages. Vol. 7. Leiden, Netherlands, and Boston: E. J. Brill, 2008.

  Lüling, Günter. A Challenge to Islam for Reformation: The Rediscovery and Reliable Reconstruction of a Comprehensive Pre-Islamic Christian Hymnal Hidden in the Koran Under Earliest Islamic Reinterpretations. New Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publisher, 2003.

  MacBean, Alexander, and Samuel Johnson. A Dictionary of Ancient Geography. London: G. Robinson, 1773.

  Mackrel, Brian. Halley’s Comet over New Zealand. Willington, New Zealand: Reed Methuen, 1985.

  MacRae, George W., trans. “Apocalypse of Adam.” In The Nag Hammadi Library, edited by James M. Robinson. 3rd edition. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1996.

  Makowsky, Alexander. “Der diluviale Mensch im Loss von Brünn.” Mitt. Anthropol. Gesell. Wien 22 (1892): 73–84.

  Malan, the Reverend S. C. The Book of Adam and Eve. Montmartre, France: Charles Carrington, 1882.

  Mallowan, Max E. L., and Hilda Linford, “Rediscovered Skulls from Arpachiyah: Introductory Discussion.” Iraq 31 (1969): 49–58.

  Mallowan, Max E. L., and J. C. Rose. “Excavations at Tell Arpachiyah 1933.” Iraq 2 (1935): 1–178.

  Mann, Charles C. “The Birth of Religion: The World’s First Temple.” National Geographic Magazine 219, no. 6 (June 2011): 34–59.

  Mannermaa, Kristiina, Andrei Panteleyev, and Mikhail Sablin. “Birds in Late Mesolithic Burials at Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov (Lake Onega, Western Russia)—What Do They Tell About Humans and the Environment?” Fennoscandia archaeologica XXV (2008): 3–25.

  Maron, Anat, James S. O. McCullagh, Thomas F. G. Higham, et al. “Single Amino Acid Radiocarbon Dating of Upper Paleolithic Modern Humans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 18 (2012): 6878–81.

  Massey, Gerald. The Natural Genesis. Vol. 2. London: Williams and Norgate, 1883.

  McClintock, John, and James Strong. Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Vol. 3. New York: Harper, 1894.

  McKern, Sharon, and Thomas McKern, Tracking Fossil Man: An Adventure in Evolution. London: Wayland, 1970. Reprint, 1972.

  Mead, George Robert Stow. Fragments of a Faith Forgotten. London: Theosophical Publishing, 1900. Reprint, 1906.

  ———. Pistis Sophia. London: Watkins, 1921.

  Meijer, D. J. W., ed. Natural Phenomena: Their Meaning, Depiction and Description in the Ancient Near East. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Verhandelingen/ Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Letterkund, n.s., 152, 1992.

  Mellaart, James. Çatalhöyük: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia. London: Thames and Hudson, 1967.

  ———. Earliest Civilizations of the Near East. London: Thames and Hudson, 1965.

  Milik, J. T. The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumrân Cave 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.

  Milisauskas, Sarunas. European Prehistory: A Survey. New York: Springer, 2002.

  Millard, A. R. “The Etymology of Eden.” Vetus Testamentum 34 (1984): 103–6.

  Miller, O. D. Har-Moad; or The Mountain of the Assembly. North Adams, Mass.: Stephen M. Whipple, 1892.

  Mills, Watson E., ed. Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1990.

  Molleson, Theya, and S. Campbell. “Deformed Skulls at Tell Arpachiyah: The Social Context.” In The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East, edited by S. Campbell and A. Green. Oxford: Oxbow, 1995.

  Montelius, Oscar. “Palaeolithic Implements Found in Sweden.” The Antiquaries Journal 1, no. 2 (April 1921): 98–104.

  Movsisyan, Artak. The Sacred Highlands. Yerevan, Republic of Armenia: Yerevan University Publishers, 2004.

  Murdin, Paul, and Lesley Murdin. New Astronomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Reprint, 1985.

  Neef, Reinder. “Overlooking the Steppe-Forest: A Preliminary Report on the Botanical Remains from Early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe (Southeastern Turkey).” Neo-Lithics 2, no. 3 (2003): 13–15.

  Nichols, Aidan. Rome and the Eastern Churches: A Study in Schism. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1992. Reprint, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2010.

  Nikolaeva, N. A., and V. A. Safronov. Istoki slavianskoi i evraziiskoi mifologii. Moscow: Belyi Volk, 1999.

  Nuttall, Zelia. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations . . . Archaeological and Ethnological Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, vol. 2. Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, 1901.

  Oakley, Kenneth. Frameworks for Dating Fossil Man. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964. Reprint, Piscataway, N.J.: Aldine, 2002.

  O’Brien, Christian, with Barbara Joy O’Brien. The Genius of the Few. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, UK: Turnstone Press, 1985.

  Olofsson, Anders. Pioneer Settlement in the Mesolithic of Northern Sweden. Archaeology and Environment 16. Umeå, Sweden: Umeå University, 2003.

  Olyan, Saul M. Asherah and the Cult of Yahweh in Israel. Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series 34. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1988.

  Osborn, Henry Fairfield. Men of the Old Stone Age. New York: Scribner, 1916.

  Osipowicz, G., and M. Szeliga. “Functional Analysis of a Late-Palaeolithic Obsidian Tanged Point from Wolodz, District Brzozów, Podkarpacie Voivodship.” Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 39 (2004): 153–60.

  Oskian, Hamazasp. Die Klöster von Taron-Turuberan. Vienna: Mechitaristen, 1953.

  Özdoğan, M., and A. Özdoğan. “Çayönü: A Conspectus of Recent Work.” Paleorient 15, no. 1 (1989): 65–74.

  Özdoğan, Mehmet, and Nezih Başgelen, eds. Neolithic in Turkey: The Cradle of Civilization. Istanbul, Turkey: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, 1999.

  Peake, Harold, and Herbert John Fleure. The Corridors of Time. Vol. 2, Hunters and Artists. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1927.

  Peiser, F. E. “Eine babylonische Landkarte.” Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete 4 (1889): 361–70.

  Pentikäinen, Juha, ed. Shamanism and Northern Ecology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.

  Peregrine, Peter Neal. Encyclopedia of Prehistory: South and Southwest Asia. New York: Springer, 2001.

  Pererii Valentini, Benedicti. Commentariorvm et Disputationum in Genesim. Lugduni (Leiden, Netherlands): Ex officina Iuntarum, 1593.

  Perlès, Catherine. “L’outillage de pierre taillée néolithique en Grèce: approvisionnement et exploitation des matières premières.” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 114, no. 1 (1990): 1–42.

  Peters, J., and K. Schmidt. “Animals in the Symbolic World of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, South-eastern Turkey: A Preliminary Assessment.” Anthropozoologica 39, no. 1 (2004): 179–218.

  Pettitt, Paul B., and Erik Trinkaus. “Direct Radiocarbon Dating of the Brno 2 Gravettian Human Remains.” Anthropologie 38, no. 2 (2000): 149–50. />
  Pliny, Historiarum naturae, vol. 2, translated by Pierre Danès. Paris: Ioanem Paruum, 1532.

  Quinn, Esther Casier. The Quest of Seth for the Oil of Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

  Rao, S. R. Lothal. New Delhi, India: Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, Janpath, 1985.

  Rappenglück, Michael A. Eine Himmelskarte aus der Eiszeit? Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang, 1999.

  Rappoport, A. S. Mediæval Legends of Christ. London: Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934.

  Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo. Basketry as Metaphor: Arts and Crafts of the Desana Indians of the Northwest Amazon. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Cultural History 5. Los Angeles: University of California, 1985.

  Reilly III, F. Kent, and James F. Garber, eds. Ancient Objects and Sacred Realms: Interpretations of Mississippian Iconography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007.

  Reinink, G. J. “East Assyrian Historiography in Response to the Rise in Islam: The Case of John Bar. In Redefining Interaction in the Middle East Since the Rise of Islam, edited by J. J. Van Ginkel, H. L. Murre-Van den Berg, and T. M. Van Lint. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters, 2005.

  Ri, A. Su-Min. La Caverne des Trésors: Les Deux Recensions Syriaques. 2 vols. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters, 1987.

  Rìbas, Andrés Pérez de. History of the Triumphs of Our Holy Faith amongst the Most Barbarous and Fierce Peoples of the New World. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999. First published in 1645.

  Rice, Michael. Egypt’s Making. London: Routledge, 2003.

  Roberts, Alice. The Incredible Human Journey. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. Reprint, 2010.

  Robinson, James M., ed. The Nag Hammadi Library. 3rd edition. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1996.

  Róheim, Géza. Hungarian and Vogul Mythology. Monographs of the American Ethnological Society 23. Locust Valley, N.Y.: J. J. Augustin, 1954.

  Rohl, David. Legend: The Genesis of Civilization. London: Century, 1998.

  Rómer, Dr. Flóris. Műrégészeti Kalauz különös tekintettel Magyarországra. Pest, Hungary: Nyomatott Emich Gusztáv Magy. Akad. Nyomdásznál, 1866.

  Roscoe, the Reverend John. The Baganda: An Account of Their Native Customs and Beliefs. London: Macmillan, 1911.

  Rosenmüller, E. F. C. The Biblical Geography of Central Asia. Translated by Rev. N. Morren. Edinburgh: Thomas Clark, 1836.

  Roux, Georges. Ancient Iraq. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK: Penguin, 1966. Reprint, 1980.

  Rubtsov, Vladimir V. “Tracking the Alien Astroengineers.” RIAP Bulletin 4, no. 4 (October–December 1998).

  Russell, James R. Zoroastrianism in Armenia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987.

  Sagan, Carl, and Ann Druyan. Comet. London: Michael Joseph, 1985.

  Sale, George. The Koran, Commonly Called the Alcoran of Mohammed. 2 vols. London: C. Ackers for J. Wilcox, 1734. Editions consulted: vol. I—London: J. Walker, 1812; vol. 2—Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle, 1833.

  Santillana, Giorgio de, and Hertha von Dechend. Hamlet’s Mill: An Essay on Myth and the Frame of Time. Boston: Gambit, 1969. Reprint, Jaffrey, N.H.: David R. Godine, 1977.

  Šatavičius, Egidijus. “Brommian (Lyngby) Finds in Lithuania.” Lietuvos archeologija 25 (2004): 17–45.

  Sauer, James A. “The River Runs Dry.” Biblical Archaeology Review 22, no. 4 (July–August 1996): 52–54, 57, 64.

  Sayce, A. E. “Two Accadian Hymns.” In Records of the Past, vol. 11, Assyrian Texts, edited by S. Birch, 130–32. London: Samuel Bagster, 1878.

  Schirmer, Wulf. “Some Aspects of Building at the ‘Aceramic-neolithic’ Settlement of Çayönü Tepesi.” World Archaeology 21, no. 3 (1990): 363–87.

  Schmidt, Klaus. “Boars, Ducks, and Foxes: The Urfa Project 99.” Neo-Lithics 3, no. 99 (2002): 12–15.

  ———. “Death Cult Temple and Bog Bodies of Ireland.” Television interview by Dr. Graham Phillip. Ancient X-Files, National Geographic Channel, 2012.

  ———. Göbekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-eastern Anatolia, Berlin, Germany: ex oriente e.V., 2012.

  ———. “Göbekli Tepe and the Early Sites of the Urfa Region: A Synopsis of New Results and Current Views.” Neo-Lithics 1, no. 1 (2002): 9–11.

  ———. “Göbekli Tepe Excavations 2005.” In Kazı sonuçları toplantısı 2 cilt, Canakkale 2006, 97–110. Ankara, Turkey: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Dösim Basımevi, 2007.

  ———. “Göbekli Tepe, Southeastern Turkey. A Preliminary Report on the 1995–1999 Excavations.” Paléorient 26, no. 1 (2000): 45–54.

  ———. “Göbekli Tepe—the Stone Age Sanctuaries: New Results of Ongoing Excavations with a Special Focus on Sculptures and High Reliefs.” Documenta Praehistorica 37 (2010): 239–56.

  ———. Sie bauten die ersten Tempel: Das rätselhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitjäger. Munich, Germany: C. H. Beck, 2006.

  ———. “The 2003 Campaign at Göbekli Tepe (Southeastern Turkey).” Neo-Lithics 2/03 (2003): 2–8.

  Schmidt, Klaus, and Oliver Dietrich. “A Radiocarbon Date from the Wall Plaster of Enclosure D of Göbekli Tepe.” Neo-Lithics 2, no. 10 (2010): 82–83.

  Schoch, Robert. Forgotten Civilization: The Role of Solar Outbursts in Our Past and Future. Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions, 2012.

  Schodde, the Reverend George H. The Book of Enoch. Andover, Hampshire, UK: Warren F. Drapper, 1882.

  Segal, J. B. Edessa: “The Blessed City.” Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

  Seth, Dr. Mesrob Jacob. Armenians in India (“Hindoos in Armenia”). Calcutta, India: Armenian Church Committee of Calcutta, 1982.

  Settegast, Mary. Plato Prehistorian. Cambridge, Mass.: Rotenberg Press, 1986. Reprint, Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press, 1990.

  Shea, David, and Anthony Troyer. The Dabistán; or, School of Manners: Translated from the Original Persian. Vols. 1 & 3. Paris: Benjamin Duprat; London: Allen and Co., 1843.

  Shtrunov, Alexander, “The Origin of Haplogroup I1-M253 in Eastern Europe.” Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy 1, no. 2 (2010): 1–11.

  Shu-P’Ing, Teng. “The Original Significance of Bi Disks: Insights Based on Liangzhu Jade Bi with Incised Symbolic Motifs.” Journal of East Asian Archeology 2, no. 1–2 (2000): 165–94.

  Silva, Francisco vaz da. Archaeology of Intangible Heritage. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.

  Smith, George. The Chaldean Account of Genesis. New York: Scribner, Armstrong, 1876.

  Smith, William. Smith’s Bible Dictionary. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1884.

  Solecki, Ralph S., Rose L. Solecki, and Anagnostis P. Agelarakis. Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave. College Station: Texas A&M University, 2004.

  Solecki, Rose. “Predatory Bird Rituals at Zawi Chemi Shanidar.” Sumer 33 (1977): 42–47.

  Solecki, Rose L., and Ralph S. Solecki. “The Zagros Proto-Neolithic and Cultural Developments in the Near East.” In Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave. Austin: Texas A&M University, 2004.

  Speiser, E. A. Genesis. 2nd edition. New York: Doubleday, 1978.

  Spence, Lewis. The Magic and Mysteries of Mexico. London: Rider, 1922.

  Stanford, Dennis J., and Bruce A. Bradley. Across Atlantic Ice: The Origins of America’s Clovis Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.

  Steadman, Sharon R., and Gregory McMahon, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: 10,000–323 BCE. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

  Strabo. Geography. Translated by H. L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: Wm. Heinemann, 1917–1932.

  Straus, Lawrence Guy, Berit Valentin Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner, eds. Humans at the End of the Ice Age. New York: Springer, 1996.

  Strecker, W., and H. Kiepert. Beiträge zur geographischen erklärung des rückzuges der zehntausend durch das armenische hochland. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1870.

  Stroumsa, Guy G. Another Seed: Studies in Gnostic Mythology. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1984.

  Surovell, Todd A., Vance T. H
olliday, Joseph A. M. Gingerich, et al. “An Independent Evaluation of the Younger Dryas Extraterrestrial Impact Hypothesis.” PNAS 106, no. 43 (2009): 18155–58.

  Tabakow, Philip. “Reflections on a Fulbright Year in Bahrain.” Bridgewater Review 25, no. 1, (June 2006): Article 7.

  Takala, H. The Ristola Site in Lahti and the Earliest Postglacial Settlement of South Finland. Lahti, Finland: Lahti City Museum, 2004.

  Tavernier, Giovanni Battista. Viaggi nella Turchia, nella Persia, e nell’ Indie. Rome: Giuseppe Corvo, 1688.

  Tedlock, Dennis. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life. New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1985, 1996.

  Thorsson, Edred. Futhark: A Handbook of Rune Magic. New York: Weiser, 1984.

  Trifonov, V. A., et al. “The Dolmen Kolikho, Western Caucasus: Isotopic Investigation of Funeral Practice and Human Mobility.” Proceedings of the 6th International Radiocarbon and Archaeology Symposium 54, no. 3–4 (2012): 761–69.

  Tripković, B., M. Milić, and S. Shackley. “Obsidian in the Central Balkans.” Abstracts Book of 13th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, 163–79, September 18–23, 2007, Zadar, Croatia.

  Turner, John D., and Orval S. Wintermute, trans. “Allogenes.” In The Nag Hammadi Library, edited by J. M. Robinson. 3rd edition. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1996.

  Uyanik, Muvaffak. Petroglyphs of South-eastern Anatolia. Graz, Austria: Akademishe Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1974.

  Verhoeven, Marc. “Person or Penis? Interpreting a ‘New’ PPNB Anthropomorphic Statue from the Taurus Foothills.” Neo-Lithics 1, no. 1 (2001): 8–9.

  Vita Adae et Evae, see “The Books of Adam and Eve.” Charles, 1913.

  Vogel, J. C., and H. T. Waterbolk. “Groningen Radiocarbon Dates V.” Radiocarbon 6 (1964): 349–69.

  Walker, R. A., “The Real Land of Eden.” Still Trowelling: Newsletter of the Ancient and Medieval History Book Club 11 (ca. 1986).

  Walter, Mariko Namba, and Eva Jane Neumann Fridman. Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture, vol. 1. Google e-book: ABC-CLIO, 2004.

  Warren, William. Paradise Found. London: Sampson Row, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1885.