Darjeeling

by Jeff Koehler

  37. Woolf, Growing, 135.

  38. Masani, Indian Tales of the Raj, 52.

  39. Kay, Far Pavillions, 146.

  40. Ibid., 10.

  41. Herbert, Flora’s Empire, 22.

  42. Lama, Story of Darjeeling, 90.

  43. Ibid., 147.

  44. Dozey, Concise History of the Darjeeling, 209.

  45. Wright, Hill Stations of India, 263.

  CHAPTER 11: NOSTALGIA

  1. Lila, “Darjeeling: Tea and Sympathy.”

  2. Burton, Raj at Table, 196.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid., 197.

  5. Steel and Gardiner, Complete Indian Housekeeper, 58.

  6. Ibid., 59.

  7. Ibid., 305.

  8. Ibid., 304.

  9. James, Portrait of a Lady, 3.

  10. Orwell, Burmese Days, 37.

  11. Brennan, Curries & Bugles, 219.

  12. Baker, Jigger, Beaker, & Glass, 38.

  13. Fleming, Man with the Golden Gun, 53.

  14. Greene, Heart of the Matter, 59.

  15. Ibid., 57.

  16. Ibid., 191.

  17. Maugham, Collected Short Stories, 91.

  CHAPTER 12: PLANTERS AND PLUCKERS

  1. Dozey, Concise History of Darjeeling, 207.

  2. Lama, Story of Darjeeling, 90.

  3. Kipling, Plain Tales from the Hills, 35.

  4. Moxham, Tea, 6.

  5. Ibid., 227–28.

  6. Lama, Story of Darjeeling, 86.

  7. O’Malley, Bengal District Gazetteer: Darjeeling, 85.

  8. Much of the information on these German missionaries comes from Pinn’s Darjeeling Pioneers, which particularly focuses on the Wernicke-Stölke families.

  9. Ibid., 84.

  10. Ibid., 89.

  11. Ibid., 95.

  12. Pinn, Louis Mandelli, 3. Much of the information on Mandelli comes from Pinn’s self-published monograph on the planter.

  13. Ibid., 8.

  14. O’Malley, Bengal District Gazetteer: Darjeeling, 84.

  15. Banerjee, Rajah of Darjeeling Organic Tea, 1–2. Many of the details on Samler come from Banerjee’s work plus stories from himself, passed on down through generations.

  16. Ibid., 2–3.

  17. Ibid., 3.

  18. Lama, Story of Darjeeling, 85.

  19. Pinn, Louis Mandelli, 8.

  20. Ukers, All About Tea, 2:156.

  21. Pinn, Louis Mandelli, 17.

  22. Ibid., 28. Pinn’s slim work is enclosed within coarse-grained, custard-yellow covers the texture of birch-tree bark. Printed in southern India on grayish mimeographed sheets, it includes cyclostyled pages that reproduce a number of Mandelli’s handwritten letters. In looping, upright, and mostly unjoined cursive, Mandelli’s writing is old-fashioned and measured, composed with studied steadiness in neatly spaced lines. There are no splotches or gatherings of ink from the pen pausing, no words scratched out. The lower loops of the f’s are narrow and pointed like Arthurian swords, the a’s curl around like cats’ tails, and the stems of the lowercase d’s bend over almost horizontally, a flourish that feels less a stylish dash of verve than, even then, something antiquated.

  23. Ibid., 29.

  24. Ibid., 33.

  25. Ibid., 29.

  26. Ibid., 50.

  27. Hume and Marshall, Game Birds of India, 83.

  28. Baker, Fauna of British India, 241.

  29. O’Malley, Bengal District Gazetteer: Darjeeling, 84.

  30. Ibid.

  CHAPTER 13: MIDNIGHT’S PLANTERS

  1. Vikram Mittal.

  2. Sandeep Mukherjee.

  3. Sethi, “Lord of the Leaf.”

  4. Guha, India After Gandhi, 215.

  5. Sandeep Mukherjee.

  6. Sinha, “Changing Flavour of Tea.”

  7. Ibid.

  8. Banerjee and Banerjee, Darjeeling Tea, 353.

  9. Paul, Story of Tea, 62.

  10. Banerjee and Banerjee, Darjeeling Tea, 374.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Ghosal, “China Buys 20,000 kg of Darjeeling Tea.”

  13. Banerjee and Banerjee, Darjeeling Tea, 374.

  14. Moshavi, “Reading Trouble in Darjeeling’s Tea Leaves.”

  15. Banerjee and Banerjee, Darjeeling Tea, 525.

  16. Bera, “Simmering Discontent over Tea.”

  17. Griffiths, Tea, 349.

  18. Banerjee and Banerjee, Darjeeling Tea, 353–54.

  19. Ghosal, “Darjeeling Tea Prices Fall 50 Percent.”

  20. Chakrabarty, “New Champ Takes Darjeeling Cup.”

  21. Monna, “India Set to Sip Jungpana Darjeeling.”

  22. Ukers, All About Tea, 1:415.

  CHAPTER 14: CRISES

  1. Barth, “Why India Won’t Be the Next China.”

  2. Sanyal, Land of the Seven Rivers, 120, citing Angus Maddison.

  3. Ibid., 234, citing Angus Maddison.

  4. World Bank Web site, “India Overview.”

  5. Indrawati, “To End Extreme Poverty.”

  6. Chandrasekhar, “Chronic Famishment.”

  7. World Bank Web site, “India Overview.”

  8. Ibid.

  9. “TB Claims a Life Every 90 Seconds in Country.”

  10. “Delhi Is the Most Polluted City: WHO Study.”

  11. U.S. Energy Information Agency overview of India.

  12. Sannial, History of Darjeeling, 21.

  13. Lama, Story of Darjeeling, xvi.

  14. Ibid., x.

  15. Gupta, “Turmoil May Take Toll on Tea Trade.”

  16. Sharma, “Conversation With: Gorkha Leader Bimal Gurung.”

  17. “Will Not Delay Gorkhaland.”

  18. “GJM Reverses Decision.”

  19. Gazmer, “Darjeeling Cool to CM Visit.”

  20. National Tea and Coffee Development Board of Nepal.

  21. Bolton, “European Blenders Establishing Himalayan Brand.”

  22. Chakrabarty, “New Champ Takes Darjeeling Cup.”

  23. Ghosal, “Darjeeling Tea Prices Fall 50 Percent.”

  24. Darjeeling District Web site, “Geography.”

  PART IV: AUTUMN FLUSH

  1. 1.$Mariage Frères Web site, “CASTLETON, FTGFOP1.”

  CHAPTER 15: POSITIVE WINDS

  1. Ghosal, “China Buys 20,000 kg of Darjeeling Tea.”

  2. Ghosal, “South Korea Imports 1,500 Tonne.”

  3. Ghosal, “European Trade Council.”

  CHAPTER 16: SOIL

  1. Banerjee, Rajah of Darjeeling Organic Tea, 8.

  2. Makaibari Tea Estate blogspot, “Makaibari, 1970.”

  3. Krishna, Sacred Animals of India, 53.

  4. Ibid., 58.

  5. Banerjee, Rajah of Darjeeling Organic Tea, 5.

  6. Ibid., 14.

  7. Lord of Darjeeling.

  8. Ibid.

  9. Banerjee, Rajah of Darjeeling Organic Tea, 28.

  CHAPTER 17: CELESTIAL INFLUENCES

  1. Bio-Dynamic Association of India Web site, “Rudolf Steiner & Bio-Dynamic Agriculture.”

  2. Lord of Darjeeling.

  3. Storl, Culture and Horticulture, 36.

  4. Ibid., 37.

  5. Cole, Voodoo Vintners, 16.

  6. Bio-Dynamic Association of India Web site, “Bio-Dynamic Farms in India.”

  7. Datta, “For That Exclusive Cuppa.”

  8. Steiner, Agriculture Course, 3.

  9. Bio-Dynamic Association of India Web site, “Bio-Dynamic Farming Recipes.”

  10. Demeter Web site, “Biodynamic Preparations.”

  11. Bio-Dynamic Association of India Web site, “Bio-Dynamic Farming Recipes.”

  12. Demeter Web site, “Biodynamic Preparations.”

  13. Steiner, Agriculture Course, 77.

  14. Ibid., 78.

  15. Banerjee, Rajah of Darjeeling Organic Tea, 81.

  16. Demeter Web site, “Particularities of Demeter.”

  17. Srinivasa, “Storm in a Tea Cup.”

  18. Mazumdar, “
2-Leaf Booty.”

  19. Starkel, “Ambootia Landslide Valley.”

  20. “Ambootia—‘Healthy Soils, Healthy People.’”

  21. Storl, Culture and Horticulture, 37.

  22. Fukuoka, One-Straw Revolution, 119.

  23. Prime, Hinduism and Ecology, ix.

  24. Ibid., 9.

  25. Ibid., 80.

  26. Ibid., 9.

  27. Rufus, History of Alexander, 198.

  28. Prime, Hinduism and Ecology, 60.

  CHAPTER 18: INITIATIVES

  1. Steiner, Agriculture Course, 29.

  2. Krishna, Sacred Animals of India, 76.

  3. Kansara, “Animal Husbandry in the Vedas,” 279.

  4. Basak, “Despite Challenges.”

  5. Ghosal, “Tea Tourism.”

  6. Basak, “Despite Challenges.”

  7. Chhetri, “Kanchenjungha in View.”

  8. Lord of Darjeeling.

  9. Mazumdar, “2-Leaf Booty.”

  10. Lord of Darjeeling.

  11. Niyogi, “Iconic Makaibari Tea Changes Hands.”

  12. Dutt, “Tata Global Buys 10.59% More in Kanan Devan.”

  13. Mary, “Tea Totallers.”

  14. Ibid.

  15. Krishnakumar, “Tata Tea Handed Control.”

  16. Mary, “Ta-Ta to All That.”

  17. Dutt, “Tata Global Buys 10.59% More in Kanan Devan.”

  CHAPTER 19: BACK DOWN THE HILL

  1. Drexler, “Look at Jaya Teas.”

  2. Bajaj, “After a Year of Delays.”

  3. O’Connor, “Starbucks Opens Its First Tea Bar.”

  4. Rao, “Why India’s Yuppies Want Starbucks.”

  5. Speaking of Siva, 88.

  6. Lord of Darjeeling.

  RECIPES

  1. Campbell, “Note on the Lepchas of Sikkim,” 382–83.

  2. Lady Resident, Englishwoman in India, 201.

  3. Simpson, London Ritz Book of Afternoon Tea, 56.

  4. Brennan, Curries & Bugles, 190.

  5. Chhetri and Sinha, “Rain Civic Respite but Tourist Headache.”

  6. Smith, Afternoon Tea Book, 104.

  7. Steel and Gardiner, Complete Indian Housekeeper, 252.

  Bibliography

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  ———. White Mughals: Love and Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century India. London: HarperCollins, 2002.

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  DARJEELING AND THE HIMALAYAS

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  Hooker, Joseph Dalton. Himalayan Journals: Notes of a Naturalist. Vol. 2. Rev. ed. London: John Murray, 1855.

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  The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 7. London: Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1878.

  Lama, Basant B. The Story of Darjeeling. 2nd ed. Kurseong, India: Nilima Yonzone Lama Publications, 2009.

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  ———. Louis Mandelli: Darjeeling Tea Planter and Ornithologist. London: Fred Pinn, 1985.

  ———. The Road of Destiny: Darjeeling Letters, 1839. Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1990.

  Sannial, Hurry Mohun. A History of Darjeeling. 1880 ed. Translated by Gargi Gupta, Shipra Bhattacharyya, and Aditi Roy Ghatek. Bath, UK: Pagoda Tree Press, 2009.

  Twain, Mark. Following the Equator. Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005.

  Wright, Gillian. Hill Stations of India. New Delhi: Penguin, 1998.

  BENGAL, ASSAM, AND OTHER REGIONS OF INDIA

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  Dutta, Krishna. Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History. Updated ed. Oxford: Signal, 2009.

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  TEA

  Banerjee, Gangadhar, and Srijeet Banerjee. Darjeeling Tea: The Golden Brew. Lucknow, India: International Book Distributing, 2007.