History of the Jews
Page 91
Pissarro, Camille and Lucien
Pittsburg Platform
Pius V, Pope
Pius VI, Pope
Pius IX, Pope
Pius XII, Pope
Plato
Plumer, Lord
Poland: Jews in, before partitions; partitions of; Jews in Warsaw in 1880; and Versailles treaty; failure of Bolshevik invasion; Second World War, Holocaust; post-war anti-Semitism; immigration to Israel from; Jewish population in 1980s
Portugal, Jews in
Prado, Juan de
Prague
Pritchard, James
Promised Land
prophets
Protestantism
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
Proust, Marcel
Proverbs
Prussia, Jews in
Psalms
pseudepigraphs
Ptolemy
Pulgar, Fernando del
Pumbedita
Purim of Vincent
Pythagoras
Qumran
rabbis, rabbinate
Rabin, Yitzhak
Radbaz (David ben Solomon ibn abi Zimra)
radio
Rameses II
Rathenau, Walther
Rauter, Hanns
Raymond de Penaforte
Rebecca (wife of Isaac)
Rechabites
Reformation
Rehoboam
Rehovot
Reinach, Joseph
Reinach family
relativity theory
Remark (Moses ben Jacob Cordovero)
Renan, Ernst
responsa
Reubeni, David
Reuchlin, Johannes
Reuchlin codex
Reuter, Paul Julius
Revisionists (Union of Zionist-Revisionists, later Likud, q.v.)
Ricardo, David
Richard the Lionheart
Richelieu, Cardinal
Richmond, Ernest T.
Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich
Riesser, Gabriel
Rishon-le-Zion
Robles, Antonio Rodrigues
Rodgers, Richard
Roger of Wendover
Roman Catholic Church; see also Counter-Reformation
Romans, Roman empire
Rome (city), Jews in
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Rosenberg, Alfred
Rosenblatt, Zevi
Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen
Rosenzweig, Franz
Rosh Pinha
Rossi, Azariah dei
Rossini, G. A.
Roth, Cecil
Roth, Leon
Rothschild (N. M.)
Rothschild, Edmund de
Rothschild, Lionel (father of Ist Lord Rothschild)
Rothschild, Baron Louis
Rothschild, Miriam
Rothschild, Nathan, 1st Lord Rothschild
Rothschild, Nathan Mayer
Rothschild, Walter, 2nd Lord Rothschild
Rothschild family
Rubinstein, Anton and Nikolay
Rudolph II, Emperor
Rumania, and the Jews; in Second World War; immigration to Israel from
Ruppin, Arthur
Russia: Jews excluded from; partitions of Poland, Pale of Settlement; Jews in before the Revolution; Revolution; Second World War; and creation of state of Israel; immigration to Israel from; Jewish population in 1980s, big cities; Jews under Soviet rule; anti-Zionism
Ruth
Saadiah Gaon (Saadiah ben Joseph)
Sabbath
sacrifice, human
Sadat, Anwar
Sadducees
Safed
St Thomas, Jews in
Saladin
Salanter, Israel
Salome (widow of Alexander Jannaeus)
Salonika
Samaria, Samaritans
Sambari, Joseph ben Isaac
Samson
Samuel, passim
Samuel, Herbert
Sanhedrin
Sarah (wife of Abraham)
Sargon I
Sargon II
Sarnoff, David
Sassanids
Saukel, Fritz
Saul, King
Schary, Dore
Schechter, Solomon
Schenck, Joseph
Schiff, Jacob Henry
Schnitzler, Arthur
scholarship: Babylonian academies; medieval
Scholem, Gershom
Schönberg, Arnold
Scott, C. P.
scribes
Scythopolis
Sebaste (Samaria, q.v.)
Second World War
Seleucus, Seleucids
Seligman, Joseph
Sennacherib
Septuagint
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur
Shabbetai Zevi
Shaftesbury, Lord
Shamir, Yizhak
Shammai the Elder
Sharett, Moshe
Sharon, Ariel
Sheba, Queen of
Shechem
shekhinah
Shenazar
Sherira, Rabbi
Shibboleth
Shomerin
Shuruppak
Sicarii
Sidon
Simeon ben Lakish
Simon bar Kokhba, see Bar Kokhba
Simon Maccabaeus
Sinai; monastery; Mount Sinai
Singapore
Singer, Isaac Bashevis
Singer, Paul
Sippar
Six Day War
Sixtus IV, Pope
Skippen, Philip
slavery: in biblical times; Malta slave-trade
Slouschz, Nahum
Sobibor
social Darwinism
Society for Jewish Culture and Sciences
Solomon, King
Solomon, Song of, see Song of Songs
Solomon, Wisdom of
Solomon ben Samson, Rabbi
Sombart, Werner
Song of Songs, Song of Solomon
Sonnenfeld, Rabbi Joseph Hayyim
South Africa
Soutine, Chaim
Spain, Jews in
Spalato (Split)
Spinoza, Baruch
Stalin
Stanley, Lord
Stavsky, Abraham
Stephen, St
Stern, Fritz
Stern Gang
stock exchanges
Stoeker, Adolf
Straton’s Tower
Strauss, Johann
Streicher, Julius
Stürmer, Der
Suez Canal
suicide
Sumer, Sumerians
Sura
Surinam
Switzerland, Jews in
Sykes-Picot agreement
synagogue
Syria; war against Israel; Jewish immigration to Israel from; see also Damascus
Syrkin, Nachman
Tabernacles, feast of
Tacitus
Talmud
tannaim
Tarragona
Tawney, R. H.
Tel Aviv
television
Templars, see Knights Templar
Temple: of Solomon; worship concentrated in; destroyed by Babylonians; rebuilt after Babylonian exile; Hellenization; Sadducees and; rebuilt by Herod; Jesus and; destroyed by Romans; Temple Mount
Ten Commandments, Decalogue
terrorism: Jewish, in post-war Palestine; against Jews
theatre
Theodore of Mopsuestia
Theodosius I, Emperor
Theodosius II, Emperor
Therapeuta
Theresienstadt
Theudas
Thirty Years War
Tiberias
Tiglath-pileser III
Times, The
Tirzah
Titus (son of Emperor Vespasian)
Tobit
Tolstoy, Count Leo
Torah; Aguda
th Yisra’el and
Toronto
Torquemada, Tomás de
Tosefta
Toussenel, Alphonse
trade, commerce
Transjordan; see also Jordan
Treblinka
Treitschke, Heinrich von
Trilling, Lionel
Tripoli
Trollope, Anthony
Trotsky, Leon
Truman, Harry S.
Trumpeldor, Joseph
Tucholsky, Kurt
Tunisia, immigration to Israel from
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich
Turin
Turkey (Ottoman Empire); and Shabbetai Zevi; in nineteenth century; and Kaiser Wilhelm II; and Versailles treaty
Turkey (modern state)
Tyre
Uganda, as Jewish national home
Ugarit
Ukraine, Jews in
Ummayid dynasty
Union of American Hebrew Congregations
Union of Zionist-Revisionists, see Revisionists
United Nations Organization (UN): and Palestine problem; and Arab refugees; and Suez Canal; Sinai peacekeeping force; and Arafat; and Amin
United States of America (North America, to Independence): Jews in, before 1881; Ashkenazi immigration to; and Zionism; Bolshevik scare and Jewish immigration; Jewish community in; Second World War; and creation of state of Israel; support for Israel
universities, medieval
Ur
Ur-Nammu
Usha
Ussishkin, Menachem
usury, see moneylending under money
Vaux, Père Roland de
Vega, Joseph de la
vegetarianism
Venice, Jews in
Versailles peace treaty
Vespasian, Emperor
Victor Emmanuel III, King, of Italy
Victoria, Queen
Vienna
Vilna
Vital, Hayyim
Voltaire
Wagner, Richard
Wailing Wall
Wallenberg, Raoul
Wandering Jew
war-crime trials
Warner Brothers
Warren, Sir Charles
Warsaw
Washington DC
Wasserman, Jakob
Waugh, Evelyn
Webb, Beatrice
Weber, Max
Weizmann, Chaim: and Zionism passim; and post-war reparations; Israel’s first president
Wellhausen, Julius
Wertheimer, Samson
Wesley, John
Wessely, Hartwig
West Bank
Wiesenthal, Simon
Wilhelm II, Kaiser
William III, King (William of Orange)
Wilson, President Woodrow
wisdom texts
Wise, Isaac Mayer
Wise, Rabbi Stephen
Wistrich, Robert
Witte, Count Serge
Wolf, Abraham
Wolf, Immanuel
Wolf, Joseph
Wolf, Lucien
Wolffsohn, Daniel
women: in the Bible; and Jewish scholarship
Woolley, Sir Leonard
World Jewish Congress
writing, early
Yadin, Yigael
Yahweh
Yare, Obadiah ben Abraham, of Bertinoro
Yavne’el
Yellin-Mor, Nathan
Yemen
yeshivot
Yesud ha-Ma’ala
Yiddish
Yom Kippur War
Yugoslavia, Jews in
zaddik
Zadkine, Ossip
Zadok of Lublin
Zalman, Elijah ben Solomon, see Elijah ben Solomon
Zanuck, Darryl
Zealots
Zechariah
Zedekiah (governor of Judaea)
Zedekiah (prophet)
Zephaniah
Zeurubbabel
Zevi, Shabbetai, see Shabbetai Zevi
Zikhron Yacov
Zionism; Palestine as national home for Jews, see under Palestine; and Hebrew language; Tsarist Russia and; USA and; religious or secular plans for; Britain and; Jewish opposition to; Ashkenazi support for; First Zionist Congress; Soviet Union and; last phase of; ultimate aim of; condemned by UN; see also Israel
Ziusudra
Zohar (Sefer-ha-Zohar)
Zola, Émile
Zukov, Adolphe
Zunz, Leopold
Acknowledgments
This is a personal interpretation of Jewish history. The opinions expressed (and any errors) are my own. But my debt to many scholars will be clear to anyone who looks at the source notes. I am particularly grateful to the editors of the Encyclopaedia Judaica, which has proved an indispensable guide, and to the valuable compilation edited by H. H. Ben Sasson, A History of the Jewish People. My understanding has been illuminated by the monumental studies of S. W. Baron, S. D. Goitein and G. G. Scholem, and I have also been greatly helped by the works of such historians as Cecil Roth, Alexander Marx, Alexander Altmann, Hyam Maccoby, Jonathan I. Israel, Michael Marrus, Ronald Sanders, Raul Hilberg, Lucy Davidowicz, Robert Wistrich and Martin Gilbert. On Jewish beliefs and opinions I have found particularly useful books by Samuel Belkin, Arthur A. Cohen and Meyer Waxman. Chaim Raphael and Hyam Maccoby both generously read the entire text and made many helpful suggestions and corrections. I am also much indebted to the copy editor, Peter James, and to my son, Daniel Johnson, who worked on the text, and especially to my editor at Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Linda Osband, who on this as on earlier occasions has rendered my book incomparable services. Finally I must thank Lord Weidenfeld for his courage in making it possible for me to tackle this vast and daunting subject.
From the Reviews
“A tour de force…. A remarkable achievement.”
—Arthur Hertzberg, The New York Times Book Review
“An absorbing, provocative, well-written, often moving book, an insightful and impassioned blend of history and myth, story and interpretation.”
—Merle Rubin, Christian Science Monitor
“Johnson has put together in one volume an extraordinary amount of useful information, and talks realistically about the Jews of the last four centuries, to which he devotes more than half of his book.”
—Arnaldo Momigliano, The New York Review of Books
“Paul Johnson’s new book is to be welcomed. It is powerful reminder of Jewish achievement throughout the ages.”
—Martin Gilbert, Commentary
“Johnson brings to his subject a vitality that can’t be matched in any of the professional one-volume histories…. His writing is dramatic without histrionics, graphic without being highly colored.”
—John Gross, The New York Times
ALSO BY PAUL JOHNSON
Modern Times
A History of the English People
Intellectuals
The Birth of the Modern
A History of the American People
Copyright
A HISTORY OF THE JEWS. Copyright © 1987 by Paul Johnson. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBound™.
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* From nathin, gibeonite descendant.
* Halévy, with La Juive (1835), created the new French opera form. His daughter Geneviève, later the famous hostess, married his best student, Georges Bizet. His nephew, Ludovic Halévy, wrote the libretto for Bizet’s Carmen, most popular of all French operas. His great nephew was the celebrated historian, Élie Halévy. See Myrna Chase, Elie Halévy: An Intellectual Biography (Columbia 1980).