Mishkin, Paul J., 4.1, 4.2
mismatch hypothesis
conflict of goals and
crisis of trust and
talented tenth idea and
Mississippi
Missouri
Moore, Karen Nelson
Morris, Arval
Moses, Robert
Mosk, Stanley, 4.1, 4.2
Motley, Constance Baker
Mullings, Sandra J.
Murray, Charles
Myrdal, Gunnar
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
Legal Defense Fund of, itr.1, 4.1
National Association of Scholars, n
National Citizen’s Rights Association, n
National Urban League, 1.1, 4.1
Nebraska
neoconservatives
New Deal
New York Building Trades Council
New York State
Ives-Quinn Act of
New York Times
New York Times Magazine
Nigeria, n
Nixon, Richard, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1
Nixon administration, 1.1, 1.2
nondiscrimination, principle of
Nutty Professor, The (film), itr.1
Obama, Barack, itr.1n, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2
affirmative action as defined by
O’Connor, Sandra Day, itr.1n, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Gratz dissent of, 4.1, 4.2
Grutter opinion of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP), 1.1, 1.2
Office of Minority Business Enterprise
Oklahoma
Olson, Theodore
one-drop rule
Oxford University
Pace v. Alabama
Pacific Legal Foundation, n
Painter, Theophilus S.
Parents Involved v. Seattle School District No. 1
Parks, Rosa
Pegler, Westbrook
Perry, Matthew
Philadelphia Plan
Phillips, Wendell, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
Playboy Club, n
Plessy v. Ferguson, 3.1, 3.2
Sweatt case and
Podberesky v. Kirwan, 2.1n
Post, Robert
Powell, Colin L.
Powell, Lewis F.
Bakke opinion of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9
cited in Fisher
cited in Gratz
cited in Grutter
cited in Hopwood
societal discrimination issue and, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Princeton University, 4.1, 4.2
Project 21, n
Proposal to Consider Race and Ethnicity in Admissions (University of Texas)
Proposition 209, California, itr.1, itr.2n, 1.1n, 1.2n, 1.3, 4.1
Clinton and
leadership of
1994 election and
UCLA program and
vote on
Quarles, Benjamin, n
race and racism
as admission criteria factor, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7
adoption and
color-blind
Constitution and
crisis of trust and
disparate-impact theory of
persistence of
in Plessy
reverse, see reverse discrimination
Race in Another America (Telles)
Race Relations Act (RRA) of 1976, British
racial profiling, 3.1, 4.1n
Rawls, John
Reagan, Ronald, 1.1, 1.2
administration of
Reason Foundation
Reconstruction, 2.1, 3.1n, 3.2n, 3.3, 4.1
Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby (Carter)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, see Bakke case
Rehnquist, William H., 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
affirmative action cases and
Gratz opinion of
reparations
class and
criticism of
higher education and
indirect victims and
justification of
left’s critique of
limited nature of
overcompensation and
privileged minorities and
slavery and, 2.1, 2.2
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
Republican Party, 1.1, 1.2n, 1.3, 1.4
1994 election and
reverse discrimination
and perception of mistreatment
Reynolds, William Bradford
Rice, Condoleezza
Richmond Plan
Roberts, John, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
Robinson, Richard
role-model theory
Romney, Mitt, itr.1n, 1.1
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1.1, 1.2n
Rubenfeld, Jed
Rubio, Marco
Rudenstine, Neil
Rustin, Bayard
Ruth, Babe, n
Sandel, Michael
Sander, Richard H.
Sarkozy, Nicolas
Scalia, Antonin, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2n
color-blind debate and, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
on Powell’s Bakke opinion
Scott, Tim
Senate, U.S., itr.1n, 1.1, 3.1
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
Shape of the River, The (Bok and Bowen)
Sheet Metal Workers Local 19
Shelby County v. Holder, 3.1n
Shultz, George P.
Simkins, Modjeska
Singh, V. P., n
slavery, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1
in Brazil
Constitution and, n
reparations issue and, 2.1, 2.2
Smith, Jerry E., 4.1, 4.2
societal discrimination, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Sotomayor, Sonia
Souter, David, 4.1, 4.2
South Africa, Republic of, itr.1n, 1.1, 2.1n, 5.1
affirmative action in
South Carolina State College
Sowell, Thomas
Sparks, Sam
Sri Lanka, n
State Department, U.S.
Steele, Shelby, itr.1, 2.1
Stevens, John Paul, 1.1n, 1.2n, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
Stewart, Potter, 3.1, 4.1
stigma hypothesis
“best black” syndrome and
as cost of affirmative action, 2.1, 2.2
performance gaps and
welfare and
strict scrutiny
in Bakke
in Gratz
in Grutter
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 1.1, 3.1
Sturm, Susan
Sumner, Charles
Supreme Court, Brazilian
Supreme Court, California, 1.1, 4.1
Supreme Court, U.S., itr.1, itr.2n, 1.1n, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1
disparate-impact theory and, 3.1, 3.2
diversity rationale and
Harlan declaration invoked by
member turnover in
preemptive challenges issue and
Sweatt family brief and, 4.1, 4.2
Title VII and, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
see also specific cases
Swain v. Alabama
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Sweatt, Heman Marion, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Sweatt v. Painter, 4.1, 4.2
talented tenth idea, 2.1, 4.1
Teles, Steven M.
Telles, Edward E.
Texas, 1.1, 5.1n
Top Ten Percent Law of, see Top Ten Percent Law
Texas, University of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
Sweatt case and
see also Fisher v. University of Texas; Hopwood v. University of Texas Law School
; Thernstrom, Abigail
Thernstrom, Stephan
Thomas, Clarence, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1n, 5.1
appointment of
color-blind debate and, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
Harlan declaration invoked by
Michigan’s affirmative action program criticized by
Title VII, 1.1, 1.2
color-blind debate and
Supreme Court and, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
Top Ten Percent Law, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
in Fisher, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
Tourgée, Albion
Traynor, Roger B.
Trouble with Diversity, The: How We Learned to Love Identity and Ignore Inequality (Michaels)
Truman, Harry, n
Tushnet, Mark
Tuskegee Institute, n
United Nations
United States Reports
United Steelworkers of America
United Steelworkers v. Weber
University of California v. Bakke, see Bakke case
Van Alstyne, William
Vorenberg, James
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1n
Vulcan Society
Wal-Mart
Warren, Earl
Warren, Elizabeth
Washington, Booker T.
Washington State
Washington University Law School, n
Washington v. Davis
welfare, stigmatization of
West, Allen
White, Byron, 1.1n, 4.1
Whitten, Jamie L.
“Why No Preferences for Fundamentalist Christians or For Neo-Nazis?” (Rubenfeld)
Wilkins, David
Wilkins, Herbert P.
Will, George
Wilson, Peter
Wilson, William Julius
Wood, Peter W.
Wood, Thomas
Woodson, Carter G., n
World War II
internment of Japanese citizens in, 2.1, 3.1
Wright, J. Skelly
Wygant v. Jackson [Michigan] Board of Education, 1.1
Yale Law Journal
Young, Coleman
Young, Whitney M., Jr.
A Note About the Author
Randall Kennedy is the Michael R. Klein Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. He received his undergraduate degree from Princeton and his law degree from Yale. He attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar and is a former clerk to Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. He is the author of five previous books, including Race, Crime, and the Law, for which he received the Robert F. Kennedy Book Award. A member of the bars of the Supreme Court of the United States and the District of Columbia, and of the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, he lives in Massachusetts.
Other titles by Randall Kennedy available in eBook format
Interracial Intimacies • 978-0-307-82457-8
Nigger • 978-0-307-53891-8
The Persistence of the Color Line • 978-0-307-37980-1
Race, Crime, and the Law • 978-0-307-81465-4
Sellout • 978-0-307-37720-3
For more information, please visit www.pantheonbooks.com
ALSO BY RANDALL KENNEDY
The Persistence of the Color Line:
Racial Politics and the Obama Presidency
Sellout: The Politics of Racial Betrayal
Interracial Intimacies: Sex, Marriage, Identity, and Adoption
Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
Race, Crime, and the Law
Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law Page 31