by Mei Fong
Lost Daughters of China, The (Evans), 188
Lotus (matchmaking site), 120–21
Lu (god of Prosperity), 140–41, 158
M
Ma Ke, 137–38, 157–61
Ma Ke’s No. 3 People’s Hospital’s Section on Palliative Care, 157–60
Malaysia, 5
manufacturing, xi–xii, 8, 9, 13–14, 18
Mao Zedong, 43, 45, 47, 149, 193
death of, after 1976 earthquake, 4
dowries and era of, 109
filial piety and, 87
on population control, 53
Ma Qingju (Green Chrysanthemum), 65–67
Marketplace, 172
Márquez, Gabriel García, 40
marriage
aging population and, 147
anxiety, 125
bachelors seeking, 116–24
birth certificates and, 125
certificates, 192
Chinese society and, 41
economics of, 117
ending in divorce, 102
fake, 6
law for property, 120
“Leftover Women” campaign and, 126
legal age for, 70, 102, 121
Little Emperors and, 102–3, 104
markets, 120–21
See also runaway brides
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50
matchmaking, 120–24
materialism, 138, 155, 161
Maternal Management Organization, 204
Ma Xiaohong, 209
Ma Yinchu, 53, 223n
medical insurance, 154, 156
Meigon (adopted child of Brian Stuy), 177–78
Meikina (adopted daughter of Brian and Jeannine Stuy), 176, 177
migrant workers, 15, 30
Min, Yong, 86, 88, 92, 104, 106
Ministry of Civil Affairs, 164, 174, 176
Ministry of Education, 127, 181
Ministry of Health, 62, 79, 195
mistresses, 197
MIT Technology Review, 97
Miyazaki, Hayao, 97
Mormons, 175
mortality rates, 56
Mosher, Steve, 61
“Mother” (song), 87, 106
Motorola, 141–42
Mount Penglai, 158–60
multiple births, 192–95, 198, 205, 212
museums, 38–41
Muslims, 158, 162
Myanmar, 12, 130
N
names, Chinese, ix
Nanjing, 96
Nanjing University, 125
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab, 51
National Bureau of Statistics, ix, 218n
National College Entrance Exams, 100
National Maternal and Infant Health Law, 207–8
National Moral Hero awards, 87, 92, 96, 106
National Museum (Beijing), 38
National People’s Congress, 62, 150
National Population and Family Planning Commission, 48, 52, 58, 59, 62, 66, 72–73
National Public Radio, 84
National Science Institute, 91
negotiation/rule bending, 6
Netherlands, 51, 172–73
networking events, 124
New Peace, 108–13, 121, 130
Newton, Grace, 182
New York Times, 113
nianhua (New Year pictures), 39–40, 41
Nien Rebellion, 114
Ninghai, 117, 120
North Korea, 130
No-Scalpel Vasectomies, 24–25
No Turning Back, 103
nuclear families, 125
number 8, 4–5
nursing homes, 150, 151
O
Olsder, Geert Jan, 51, 56–57
Olympics, 2008 Beijing, 4–5, 11, 28–30, 32–37, 96
one-child family risk, 104
one-child policy
beginnings of, x, 48
believed to be voluntary, 77
bias against females and, 133
crafted by military scientists, xiii
critics of, 57, 156
decentralizing, 71
as detrimental in countries bordering China, 129–30
effects of, xiii, 11–12, 48–49, 208
elderly population and, 157
ending of, 208
enforcement of, 70
exceptions to, 5–6, 71
excesses of, x
fines, 6, 11, 25, 37, 61, 67, 71–72, 73, 75–76, 78–82, 151, 187, 188, 195, 196
legal challenges to, 80–81
number of averted births as result of, xiv, 10
percent of China’s urban households subject to, 86
propaganda, 26
quantity vs. quality in, 126
reform of, 58–64
shidu parents of, 41
studies on, 90–92
successful aspect of, xii, 209
supporters of, xv, 57
as temporary, 49
urban Chinese females benefit from, 128–29
See also aging population; earthquake in Sichuan (2008); economics; family-planning officials; gender imbalance; labor shortage; Little Emperors; multiple births; population control symposium (1979, in Chengdu); sports program; two children
Only-Child Declaration, The, 93
only-child generation. See Little Emperors
Opium Wars, 28
P
Pang, Matthew, 78
Panshi, 155
parasite, 126
Parkinson’s, 165
Pearl River Delta, xi
Peking University, 53, 95, 97, 194
Peking University Third Hospital, 191
Peng Liyuan, 127–28
pensions, 7, 41, 156
People’s Daily, 96
People’s Republic of Amnesia, The (Lim), 41
Philadelphia Inquirer, 189
pig, 39
Pinetree home nursing services company, 143–49
Pinetree lifestyle services company, 141–43
Plomin, Robert, 207
Politburo, China’s, 62
Polo, Marco, 47
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 23
population, xii, 46–50, 54–56, 58, 209–10
abortion and, 80
growth internationally, 49–50
issues, awards for solving, 77
Olympics (Beijing, 2008) and control of, 28
slowing growth of, 48
upgrading quality of, 126
Western ideas on reducing, 51
without one-child policy, 10
See also Olsder, Geert Jan; population control symposium (1979, in Chengdu); population police
Population Bomb, The (Ehrlich), 49, 50
population control symposium (1979, in Chengdu), 52–54
population police, 65–84
legal challenges and, 80–81
social compensation fees/fines and, 78–81
Uncle Li on workings of, 81–83
Population System Control (Song), 57
Potts, Malcolm, xv, 219n
“Prayer for the Wild at Heart Kept in Cages, A” (Williams), 104
prostitution, 129
Puning City, Guangdong, 78
Q
Qing-era, 114
Qingxue (Little Stream), 165–68
Qian Xinzhong, 77
Qian Xuesen, 51–52
R
“Raise the Quality, Control the Size” slogan, 126
real estate, 117, 120
Red Guards, 45
Rednet (bulletin board), 197
red thread, 188
Red Thread Is Broken, The (Newton), 189
Renmin University, 58, 83, 104
Research-China, 170, 176, 178, 184
Reuters, 195
“Riddle of Julia Ming Gale, The” (Boston Globe), 181
Roland Berger prize, 141–42
Rosenthal, Elisabeth, 113
Rouliqiu, 146
runaway brides, 108–9, 111–14, 130
rural China
aging population in, 151–56
more than one child allowed in, 44, 71, 196
suicide rate in, 113
Russia, 101
S
Sadik, Nafis, 77
Saffron, Inga, 30–31
Saga Group (United Kingdom), 141
Samford University, 174
sandwich generation, 94
Scharping, Thomas, 46
“Self Deprecation—It’s Time to Stop” (editorial in People’s Daily), 96
Sen, Amartya, 129
sex dolls, xv, 130–32
sex education, 25
sex trafficking, 129, 130
Shaanxi Province, 108–9, 110, 172
Shamian Island, 177
Shandong, 80, 128
Shanghai, 45, 117, 144, 194, 196–99
Shanxi, 24, 43, 46, 128
Shaoyang Orphanage, 184, 185, 186, 187
shehui fuyangfei. See social compensation fees (shehui fuyangfei)
Shejiantai, 39, 40
shengnu (leftovers), 102, 126
shidu, 41, 150–51
Shifang County, 3
Shock of Gray (Fishman), 140
Shou (god of Longevity), 140–41
Shuang (researcher), 122, 124
Shuanglin, 26
Shufen (mother of bridegroom), 111, 112, 113
Sichuan County, 3, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 33, 71, 111–12. See also earthquake in Sichuan (2008)
Sina microblog service, 196
Singapore, xiii, xiv, 50, 126, 223n
Singles Clubs, 124
Smithsonian Institution, 97
Smolin, David, 174, 180
social compensation fees (shehui fuyangfei), 78–81, 151
Social Development Unit (SDU), 223n
Social History of Dying, A (Kellehear), 137
social media, 61, 103
social mobility, 95, 101, 206, 208, 209
social safety net, xi, 86, 141
social sciences, 46
Sohu (Internet portal), 96
Song dynasty, 39, 100
Song Jian, 48–49, 51–55, 57
Songtang hospice, 158
son preference, 5, 48, 69, 70, 71, 109–10, 132–36, 195, 197. See also gender imbalance
Sony, 98–99
Soong May-ling, 127
Sopp, Carole, 188
Southern Metropolis Weekly, 195
Southern Weekend, 106
South Korea, xiii, 50, 132, 141, 180–81, 182
Soviet Union, 46
sports program, 28–29, 34. See also Olympics, 2008 Beijing
State Council, 57, 126
statistics, ix
sterilization, 24, 25, 67, 68, 70
amount of, in China, 68
campaign (in 2010), 78
as excess of one-child policy, x
forced, xv, 50, 78, 79
Gandhi (Indira) and, 77
for lowering fertility, 68
of men vs. women, 24
persuading women to be sterilized, 67–68
reversing, after Sichuan earthquake, 3
wage incentives for, 75
“Stop at Two” campaign (Singapore), 50
Stuy, Brian, 169–70, 175–80, 183–84, 186
Stuy, Jeannine, 175, 177
Stuy, Lan, 170, 177, 178, 183–84, 186, 189
Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights of the Committee on International Relations (US House of Representatives, 105th Cong.), 225n
subsidiarity principle, 174
suicide, 101–2, 113, 152
Sun Liping, 37
Sun Peidong, 121
Sun Simiao, 152–53
Sun Yunxiao, 90
surrogacy, xv, 194, 195, 197–204
T
Taiwan, xiii, 181, 206
Taiyuan (Shanxi), 46
Tang dynasty, 100
Tangshan. See earthquake in Tangshan (1976)
Tang Shuxiu, 1–2, 14–21, 22
“Tank Man,” 84
Tan Zuoren, 29
Teng De’En, 147, 151
tests/exams, 100–102
test-tube babies, 191
Thailand, xiii, 199
This Generation (Han Han), 85
Thousand Years of Good Prayers, A (Yiun Li), 22
Three Gorges Project, 57
Three Gorges Project Construction Committee, 57
thumbnails, 88
Tiananmen Square, 11–12, 41, 73, 84
Tianjin, 117
Tian Qingeng, 117–20
Tiantan Park, 147
Tian Xueyuan, 52
Tibet, 71
tofu schools, 20
Tong, Scott, 172
Tonight’s the Night (television show), 106
Too Many People in China? (Liang, James), 60
transgender person, 106–7, 228n
Tsinghua University, 37, 62, 97
24 Paragons of Filial Piety, 86–87
twins. See multiple births
two children, xii, 11, 24
one-child policy reform and, 60–61
in rural areas, 44, 71, 196
secret two-child zones experiment, 44–45, 58, 59, 73
status in Yicheng, 66–67
sterilization after, 67
See also dandu policy
“Two’s Too Much” campaign (South Korea), 50
U
Ukraine, 199
Underpants Tower, 30–31
UNESCO World Heritage Site, 134
Unicharm, 62–63
United Nations, 49–50
United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), 49–50, 77
United Nations General Committee, 46
United Nations Population Awards, 77
United Nations Population Fund, 49–50, 76
United States
anchor babies born in, 204–5
GDP (gross domestic product) of, 141
international adoption and, 180–81
suicide rates in, 101
surrogacy and, 198–203
United Nations Fund for Population Activities and, 77
University of California–Irvine, 58
University of Michigan, 207
University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, 59
University of Southern California (USC), 90, 98, 99–100
University of Washington, xiii
US State Department, 129
V
Vanke (real estate company), 116–17
vasectomies
No-Scalpel, 24–25
reversal of, 24, 25, 42
video games. See computer games
Vietnam, 130
village-level offices, 66
violence, 114–15
W
Wall Street, 37
Wall Street Journal, xi, 5, 21, 96, 205
Walmart, 88
Wang, Ninie, 141–42, 144
Wang Feng, 10, 57, 58
Wang Qishan, 23
wanxishao. See “Later, Longer, Fewer” campaign (wanxishao)
Washington Post, 115, 209
wawa (children in Sichuan), 22–23
Weather Modification Bureau, 30, 34
Weibo (Twitter-like service), 13
Wei Shang-Jin, 116
wet markets, 88–89
We Will Be All Right (Liu Ting), 106
White Swan Hotel, 177
Whiting, Richard A., 190
Who Will Marry My Daughter? (Sun Peidong), 121
Williams, Tennessee, 104
Wilson-Miller, Wendie, 203, 205, 206
woman morality courses/Confucius workshops, 127–28, 130
women’s rights, 102, 115, 125, 126, 129
World Children, 172–73
World Health Organization, 197
Wumart, 88
Wu Youshui, 78–81
X
xiang banfa (find a solution), 6
Xian Jiao Tong University, 52
Xiao Hebi, 152–56
Xiao Hong, 195
<
br /> xiao huangdi (Little Emperors). See Little Emperors
xiao shun (filial piety). See filial piety
Xiheshui, 68
Xi Jinping, 127, 128, 158
Xinhua (news agency), ix, 3, 13, 74
Xinran Xue, 8
Xinyue (New Moon), 24, 27, 42
Xuankou Middle School, 40
Y
Yang Libing, 185–87, 189
Yangtze River, 57
Yang Zhizhu, 11
Yan Yunxiang, 154–55
Yao Ming, 34, 35
Yew, Lee Kuan, 126
yibao (China’s Medicare), 154, 156, 165–66
Yicheng, 43–44, 58–59, 60, 65, 66, 68, 73
yipiaofoujue (one-vote veto), 73, 82
yitai zhengce (one-child policy), 6
Yiyun Li, 21
Yi Zhang, 114
Yizhou, 102
Yonghe Town, 74, 75
Yuan Mingsan, 187–88
Yu Jingyuan, 52, 55
Yunhoun Lou tower (The Tower of the Illusory Cloud), 134–35
Yunnan Province, 71, 101, 194
Yuyuantan Park, 120
Z
zhai nan (residence male), 119
Zhang, Melody, 172
Zhang Erli, 58, 62, 72
Zhang Hongbing, 87
Zhang Qingzhou, 13
Zhang Xiaobo, 116
Zhang Yimou, 36, 37
Zhang Zhefang, 151–52
Zhao Zhiyang, 45, 65, 73
Zhejiang TV, 106
Zhejiang University, 115, 133