The Social Animal
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6 Charles Taber and Milton Lodge Joseph T. Hallinan, Why We Make Mistakes: How We Look Without Seeing, Forget Things in Seconds, and Are All Pretty Sure We Are Way Above Average (New York: Broadway Books, 2009), 44–45.
7 The candidate who was perceived Joe Keohane, “How Facts Backfire,” Boston Globe, July 11, 2010, http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/07/11/how_facts_backfire/.
8 ten-second silent video clips Daniel Benjamin and Jesse Shapiro, “Thin-Slice Forecasts of Gubernatorial Elections, Review of Economics and Statistics 91, no. 3 (2009): 523–26, http://www.arts.cornell.edu/econ/dbenjamin/thinslice022908.pdf.
9 location of a voting booth Jonah Berger, Marc Meredith, and S. Christian Wheeler, “Contextual Priming: Where People Vote Affects How They Vote,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 26 (July 1, 2008): 8846–49, http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~marcmere/workingpapers/ContextualPriming.pdf.
10 The event was stupid Ran R. Hassin, Melissa J. Ferguson, Daniella Shidlovski, and Tamar Gross, “Subliminal Exposure to National Flags Affects Political Thought and Behavior,” Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences 104, no. 50 (December 2007): 19757–61, http://www.pnas.org/content/104/50/19757.abstract.
CHAPTER 20: THE SOFT SIDE
1 The individualism of the left Mark Lilla, “A Tale of Two Reactions,” New York Review of Books, May 1998, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1998/may/14/a-tale-of-two-reactions/.
2 8 percent of students William G. Bowen, Martin Kurzweil, and Eugene Tobin, Equity and Excellence in American Higher Education (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2005), 91.
3 In Britain you wound up “Britain is ‘surveillance society,’ ” BBC, November 2, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6108496.stm.
4 “Look at the society” Phillip Blond, “Rise of the Red Tories,” Prospect, February 28, 2009, http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2009/02/riseoftheredtories/.
5 “At root, in almost every” James Q. Wilson, “The Rediscovery of Character: Private Virtue and Public Policy,” The Public Interest 81 (Fall 1985): 3–16, http://www.nationalaffairs.com/public_interest/detail/the-rediscovery-of-character-private-virtue-and-public-policy.
6 “The spiritual nature of man” Clinton Rossiter, Conservatism in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 43.
7 “The central conservative truth” Lawrence E. Harrison, The Central Liberal Truth: How Politics Can Change a Culture and Save It from Itself (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2006), xvi.
8 75 percent of the anti-Western Marc Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 73–75.
9 Olivier Roy argues Olivier Roy, Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).
10 Harold pointed out David Brooks, “The Wisdom We Need to Fight AIDS,” New York Times, June 12, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/12/opinion/12brooks.html.
11 a hospital in Namibia David Brooks, “In Africa, Life After AIDS,” New York Times, June 9, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/09/opinion/09brooks.html.
12 So the market had partially David Brooks, “This Old House,” New York Times, December 9, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/09/opinion/09brooks.html.
13 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Daniel Drezner, “The BLS Weighs in on Outsourcing,” DanielDrezner.com, June 10, 2004, http://www.danieldrezner.com/archives/001365.html and “Extended Mass Layoffs Associated with Domestic and Overseas Relocations, First Quarter 2004 Summary,” Bureau of Labor Statistics Press Release, June 10, 2004, http://www.bls.gov/news.release/reloc.nr0.htm.
14 Pankaj Ghemawat Pankaj Ghemawat, “Why the World Isn’t Flat,” Foreign Policy, February 14, 2007, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2007/02/14/why_the_world_isnt_flat?page=full.
15 The median person Ron Haskins and Isabel Sawhill, Creating an Opportunity Society (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2009), 127.
16 A child born into Ross Douthat, “Does Meritocracy Work?” The Atlantic, November 2005, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/11/does-meritocracy-work/4305/.
17 Anthony Carnevale and Stephen Rose Douthat, “Does Meritocracy Work?”
18 Public-education spending Eric Hanushek, “Milton Friedman’s Unfinished Business,” Hoover Digest, Winter 2007, http://edpro.stanford.edu/hanushek/admin/pages/files/uploads/friedmanhoover_digest.pdf.
19 A mother with two kids Haskins and Sawhill, 46.
20 If you read part Margaret Bridges, Bruce Fuller, Russell Rumberger, and Loan Tran, “Preschool for California’s Children: Unequal Access, Promising Benefits,” PACE Child Development Projects, University of California Linguistic Minority Research Institute (September 2004): 9, http://gse.berkeley.edu/research/pace/reports/PB.04-3.pdf.
21 About half the students Haskins and Sawhill, 223.
22 Isabel Sawhill has calculated Haskins and Sawhill, 42.
23 If you get married before Haskins and Sawhill, 70.
24 Wilkinson and Pickett point Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger (London: Bloomsbury Press, 2009), 75
25 “Low-income families” Haskins and Sawhill, 101.
26 As James Heckman argues James Heckman and Dimitriy V. Masterov, “The Productivity Argument for Investing in Young Children,” Invest in Kids Working Group, Committee for Economic Development, Working Paper 5 (October 4, 2004): 3, http://jenni.uchicago.edu/Invest/FILES/dugger_2004-12-02_dvm.pdf.
27 But social and emotional skills Heckman and Masterov, 28–35.
28 Small classes may be better Malcolm Gladwell, “Most Likely to Succeed,” The New Yorker, December 15, 2008, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/12/15/081215fa_fact_gladwell.
29 The City University of New York Marc Santora, “CUNY Plans New Approach to Community College,” New York Times, January 26, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/education/26college.html?fta=y.
30 “Every new scene” Alexander Hamilton, “Report on Manufactures,” December 5, 1791, University of Chicago Press, The Founders’ Constitution, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch4s31.html.
31 He believed in using government Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (New York: Penguin Press, 2004).
32 “I hold the value of life” Abraham Lincoln, Speech to Germans in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 12, 1861, Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4 (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 203.
33 “The true function of the state” Theodore Roosevelt, “Social Evolution,” in American Ideals, and Other Essays, Social and Political, vol. 2 (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907), 154.
34 “In political activity” Michael Oakeshott, “Political Education,” in Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays (London: Methuen, 1977), 127.
35 Milton wrote Paradise Lost Thomas Sowell, Marxism: Philosophy and Economics (London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1985), 14.
CHAPTER 21: THE OTHER EDUCATION
1 the muscles around the jaw Atul Gawande, “The Way We Age Now,” The New Yorker, April 30, 2007, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/04/30/070430fa_fact_gawande.
2 40 percent end up Gawande, “The Way We Age Now.”
3 While many neurons die Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz and Cindy Lustig, “Brain Aging: Reorganizing Discoveries About the Aging Mind,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15 (2005): 245–51, http://www.bus.umich.edu/neuroacrp/Yoon/ReuterLorenzLustig2005.pdf.
4 air traffic controllers Louis Cozolino, The Healthy Aging Brain: Sustaining Attachment, Attaining Wisdom (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2008), 172.
5 Laura Carstensen Stephen S. Hall, “The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis,” New York Times, May 6, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html.
6 John Gabrieli of MIT Hall, “The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis.”
7 Norma Haan of Berkeley Norma Haan, Elizabeth Hartka, and Roger Millsap, “As Time Goes By: Change an
d Stability in Personality Over Fifty Years,” Psychology and Aging 1, no. 3 (1986): 220–32, http://www.psych.illinois.edu/~broberts/Haan%20et%20al,%201986.pdf.
8 People achieve a level George Vaillant, Aging Well: Surprising Guideposts to a Happier Life from the Landmark Harvard Study of Adult Development (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2002), 254.
9 “By the time we reach” Andrew Newberg and Mark Robert Waldman, Why We Believe What We Believe: Uncovering Our Biological Need for Meaning, Spirituality, and Truth (New York: Free Press, 2006), 211–212.
10 The Grant Longitudinal Study Vaillant, 99–100.
11 “One of my teachers compares” Daniel J. Siegel, The Mindful Brain: Reflection and Attunement in the Cultivation of Well-Being (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 2007), 62.
12 “But gradually your eyes” Siegel, 159.
13 Tibetan monks or Catholic nuns Andrew Newberg and Mark Robert Waldman, Born to Believe: God, Science, and the Origin of Ordinary and Extraordinary Beliefs (New York: Free Press, 2006), 175.
14 “In the Pentecostal tradition” Newberg and Waldman, Why We Believe What We Believe, 203–205.
15 philosopher Roger Scruton Roger Scruton, Culture Counts: Faith and Feeling in a Besieged World (New York: Encounter Books, 2007), 41.
16 “Mine is no callous shell” Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass (New York: Penguin Books, 1986), 53.
17 “While human nature largely” Jonah Lehrer, Proust Was a Neuroscientist (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2007), 140.
18 Some scientists believe that Michael S. Gazzaniga, Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique (New York: Harper Perennial, 2008), 210.
19 As Daniel Levitin observes Daniel J. Levitin, This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession (New York: Dutton, 2006), 116.
20 Leonard Meyer showed Leonard Meyer, Emotion and Meaning in Music (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1961).
21 Depending on lighting Semir Zeki, Splendors and Miseries of the Brain: Love, Creativity, and the Quest for Human Happiness (Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), 29.
22 “Our perception of the world” Chris Frith, Making Up the Mind: How the Brain Creates Our Mental World (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), 111.
23 They like lush open grasses Denis Dutton, The Art Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure, and Human Evolution (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009), 17–19.
24 people like fractals Gazzaniga, 229.
25 Humans generally prefer patterns Gazzaniga, 230.
26 “a book club that meets” Gene D. Cohen, The Mature Mind: The Positive Power of the Aging Brain (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 148.
27 He wanted to change Lehrer, 87.
28 “I went on with the conversation” Nancy C. Andreasen, The Creative Brain: The Science of Genius (New York: Plume, 2006), 44.
29 “An idea will come” Guy Claxton, Hare Brain, Tortoise Mind: How Intelligence Increases When You Think Less (New York: Harper Perennial, 2000), 60.
30 People with college degrees Cozolino, 28.
31 People with larger vocabularies Cozolino, 29–30.
32 seniors who participate in arts Cohen, 178.
33 Malcolm Gladwell wrote Malcolm Gladwell, “Late Bloomers,” The New Yorker, October 20, 2008, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/10/20/081020fa_fact_gladwell.
34 “A sense of isolation” Kenneth Clark, “The Artist Grows Old,” Daedalus 135, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 87, http://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/pdf/Clark_77_90.pdf.
35 “We pass on culture” Scruton, 44.
36 “Man may rise” Kenneth S. Clark, Civilization: A Personal View (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 60.
37 The cathedrals were not Michael Ward, “C. S. Lewis and the Star of Bethlehem,” Books & Culture, January–February 2008, http://www.booksandculture.com/articles/2008/janfeb/15.30.html.
CHAPTER 22: MEANING
1 “He would have to say” Lydia Davis, “Happiest Moment,” in Samuel Johnson Is Indignant (New York: Picador, 2002), 50.
2 sunlight and natural scenes Esther M. Sternberg, Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well-Being (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2009), 49.
3 a study done in Milan Sternberg, 50.
4 “Nature draws us because” Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2006), 297.
5 psychologist Ellen Langer Jennifer Ruark, “The Art of Living Mindfully,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 3, 2010, http://chronicle.com/article/The-Art-of-Living-Mindfully/63292/.
6 “reminiscence bump” Daniel L. Schacter, Searching For Memory: The Brain, The Mind, and the Past (New York: Basic Books, 1996), 298.
7 He simply could not remember George E. Vaillant, Aging Well: Surprising Guideposts to a Happier Life from the Landmark Harvard Study of Adult Development (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2002), 31.
8 But at age seventy Vaillant, 10–11.
9 “How pleasant is the day” Louis Cozolino, The Healthy Aging Brain: Sustaining Attachment, Attaining Wisdom (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2008), 188.
10 “Man’s search for meaning” Viktor Emil Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1992), 105.
11 “He who has a why” Frankl, 84.
12 “We had to learn ourselves” Frankl, 85.
13 Erving Goffman argues Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (New York: Anchor Books, 1962).
14 there are no simple progressions Roy F. Baumeister, The Cultural Animal: Human Nature, Meaning, and Social Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 167.
15 “We can never” Immanuel Kant, “Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals,” Basic Writings of Kant, ed. Allan Wood (New York: Random House, 2001), 165.
16 Numerous studies have shown Timothy D. Wilson, Strangers to Ourselves (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002), 84.
17 Dan McAdams writes Dan P. McAdams, The Redemptive Self: Stories Americans Live By (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
18 rumination made depressed people Wilson, 175–76.
19 “How pathetically scanty” Steven Johnson, Mind Wide Open: Your Brain and the Neuroscience of Everyday Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 1.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
DAVID BROOKS writes an op-ed column for The New York Times. Previously, he has been a senior editor at The Weekly Standard, a contributing editor at Newsweek and The Atlantic Monthly, and an op-ed editor at The Wall Street Journal. He is currently a commentator on PBS News-Hour and contributes regularly to Meet the Press and NPR’s All Things Considered. He is the author of Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There and On Paradise Drive: How We Live Now (And Always Have) in the Future Tense. His articles have appeared in The New Yorker, The New York Times Magazine, Forbes, The Washington Post, The Times Literary Supplement, Commentary, The Public Interest, and many other magazines. David Brooks lives in Maryland.
Table of Contents
Cover
Other Books by This Author
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Decision Making
Chapter 2 - The Map Meld
Chapter 3 - Mindsight
Chapter 4 - Mapmaking
Chapter 5 - Attachment
Chapter 6 - Learning
Chapter 7 - Norms
Chapter 8 - Self-Control
Chapter 9 - Culture
Chapter 10 - Intelligence
Chapter 11 - Choice Architecture
Chapter 12 - Freedom and Commitment
Chapter 13 - Limerence
Chapter 14 - The Grand Narrative
Chapter 15 - Métis
Chapter 16 - The Insurgency
Chapter 17 - Getting Older
Chapter 18 - Morality
Chapter 19 - The Leader
Chapter 20 - The Soft Side
Chapter 21 - The Other Education
Chapter 2
2 - Meaning
Acknowledgments
Notes
About the Author