29. Gary Burkett, “Status of Health in Appalachia,” in Couto, Simpson, and Harris, Sowing Seeds, 66–67.
30. Ibid., 59.
31. Mike Stobbe, “Kentucky No. 2 in Rate of Heart Disease—Only West Virginia Is Worse,” Lexington Herald-Leader, February 16, 2007; Burkett, “Status of Health,” 55.
32. Laura Unger and P. G. Dunlap, “Black Lung Study Sees Growing Problems, Gaps in Safety,” Louisville Courier-Journal, July 6, 2007.
33. Ken Ward Jr., “One by One Disasters Make Headlines, but Most Miners Killed on the Job Site Alone,” Charleston (WV) Gazette, November 5, 2006.
34. Ken Ward Jr., “MSHA Report Finds Own Performance Unacceptable: Inspectors, Managers Failed in 2006 Deaths,” Charleston (WV) Gazette, June 29, 2007.
35. Linda J. Johnson, “Eastern Kentucky: Painkiller Capital,” Lexington Herald-Leader, January 19, 2003.
36. Ibid.; Appalachian Regional Commission, “Substance Abuse in Appalachia,” http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=1750.
37. Claire Ansberry and Rick Wartzman, “State of Despair: West Virginia, Mired in Poverty, Corruption, Battles a Deep Gloom,” Wall Street Journal, September 21, 1988.
38. Sue Lindsey, “Coal Town Seeks to Polish Image after Pork Rind Political Scandal,” Hampton (VA) Daily Press, April 27, 2006.
39. Crit Luallen (auditor of public accounts, Commonwealth of Kentucky), “Knott County ’06 Audit,” news release, July 11, 2007.
40. Alan Maimon, “Letcher Official Doesn’t Fear Backing Controversial Causes,” Louisville Courier-Journal, December 3, 2005.
41. Gil Lawson, “A Crisis in Appalachia: Grassroots Reform Effort Shows Results,” Lexington Herald-Leader, September 6, 1989.
42. Strat Douthat, “Strip Mining Halt Asked after West Virginia Floods,” Louisville Courier-Journal, April 10, 1977; “Carroll Says Silt from Strip Mining Not a Major Cause of Heavy Flooding,” Louisville Courier-Journal, April 8, 1977.
43. Jerry Hardt, Harlan County Flood Report (Livingston, KY: Appalachia—Science in the Public Interest, 1978); “Strip Mines Made Floods Worse,” Plow, September 2, 1978, 2.
44. “Flood Causes: Get Serious with Studies,” Charleston (WV) Gazette, May 8, 2002.
45. Phillip Barbich, “A Dirty Business: The Martin County Coal Mine Slurry Spill and the Bush Cover-up of an Environmental Disaster,” Salon.com, November 13, 2003; Lee Mueller, “Coal Company Calls Spill Act of God,” Lexington Herald-Leader, November 30, 2000; “Sludge Inquiry Allegedly Hindered,” Lexington Herald-Leader, April 4, 2004; David Hensley (general manager of Martin County Coal Corporation), “Errors Flood Slurry-Spill Reports,” Lexington Herald-Leader, April 26, 2004.
46. Ken Ward Jr., “Mine Ruling Tossed: Haden’s Valley Fills Ruling Overturned Again,” Charleston (WV) Gazette, January 30, 2003.
47. Ken Ward Jr., “Thirty Years Later, Mine Law’s Success Debated,” Charleston (WV) Gazette, July 22, 2007.
48. Keeper of the Mountains, dir. B. J. Gudmundsson (Lewisburg, WV: Patchwork Films, 2006).
49. “Pollution Suit Names Tannery,” Lexington Herald-Leader, May 17, 1983; “Agreement Settles Federal Suit,” Lexington Herald-Leader, September 14, 1985; “Polluted Creek Draws International Concern,” Lexington Herald-Leader, February 10, 1987; “Middlesboro Site of Battle over Sewage,” Lexington Herald-Leader, April 3, 1990; “Activists Rally around Dayhoit,” Lexington Herald-Leader, July 26, 1990.
50. Anna Manzo and Scott Harris, “The Dead Pigeon River,” Environmental Magazine, May–June 1997; Daniel R. Varat, “Champion Fiber Company,” in Abramson and Haskell, Encyclopedia of Appalachia, 467. See also Daniel Varat, “The Champion Family: Mountaineers in the Modern World” (PhD diss., University of Mississippi, 2002), and Richard A. Bartlett, Troubled Waters: Champion International and the Pigeon River Controversy (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995).
51. “Protestors Shut Down Bank,” Asheville Citizen-Times, August 14, 2007; Rainforest Action Network, “Protest and Picket Bank of America’s 37th Annual Investor’s Conference,” September 7, 2007, http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2007/09/07/18446200.php.
52. Keeper of the Mountains.
AFTERWORD
1. Bill McKibben, Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future (New York: Times Books, 2007); James Gustave Speth, The Bridge at the Edge of the World: Capitalism, the Environment, and Crossing from Crisis to Sustainability (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008); David C. Korten, Agenda for a New Economy: From Phantom Wealth to Real Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2010); Wendell Berry, The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture (San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1977); Jim Wallis, Rediscovering Values: On Wall Street, Main Street, and Your Street (New York: Howard, 2010); and David E. Shi, The Simple Life: Plain Living and High Thinking in American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).
2. Speth, The Bridge at the Edge of the World, 10.
3. Korten, Agenda for A New Economy, 1.
4. Charles Murray, Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010 (New York: Crown Forum, 2012).
5. Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1962).
6. Robert N. Bellah et al., Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
7. Wallis, Rediscovering Values, 91.
8. Kathryn Newfont, Blue Ridge Commons: Environmental Activism and Forest History in Western North Carolina (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2012).
9. Jason Bailey, “Promoting Long-Term Investment in Appalachian Kentucky: A Permanent Coal Severance Tax Fund,” report of the Mountain Association for Community Economic Development and the Kentucky Center for Economic Policy (March 2012).
10. E. Diener and M. E. P. Seligman, “Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being,” Psychological Science in the Public Interest 5 (July 2004), and T. Kasser and A. D. Kanner, eds., Psychology and Consumer Culture: The Struggle for a Good Life in a Materialistic World (Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2004).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS
Administrative Research Library, Appalachian Regional Commission, Washington DC
Minutes
Research Reports
Vertical Files
Special Collections and Archives, Hutchins Library, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky
Appalachian Volunteers Records
Council of the Southern Mountains Records
Vertical Files
Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, Austin, Texas
Office Files of Bill Moyers
Statements of Lyndon B. Johnson
Special Collections Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington
Appalachian Regional Commission Archives
Anne and Harry Caudill Papers
Everette Tharp Papers
John D. Whisman Papers
West Virginia State Archives, Division of Culture and History, Charleston, West Virginia
Special Collections
Vertical Clipping Files
West Virginia and Regional History Collection, Charles C. Wise Jr. Library, West Virginia University, Morgantown
West Virginia Newspapers on Microfilm Collection
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
“Appalachia: Economic Outlook through the Eighties.” Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission, November–December 1983.
Appalachian Governors. A Report to Congress Concerning the Appalachian Regional Commission. Washington, DC: ARC, 1981.
Appalachian Regional Commission. Appalachia: A Reference Book. Washington, DC: ARC, 1977.
———. Appalachia: Twenty Years of Progress. Washington, DC: ARC, 1985.
———. Appalachian Data Book. Washington, DC: ARC, 1967.
Casto, James E. “Clinton Visits Appalachia.” Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission, May–August 1999.
Corneliu
s, Tack. “A Kentucky Success Story.” Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission, January–June 1983.
Couto, Richard A., Nancy K. Simpson, and Gale Harris, eds. Sowing Seeds in the Mountains: Community-Based Coalitions for Cancer Prevention and Control. Bethesda, MD: Appalachia Leadership Initiative on Cancer, Cancer Control Sciences Program, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, 1994.
Deakin, Doris. “Appalachia—on Our Way.” Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission, March–April 1979.
Eastern Kentucky Regional Planning Commission. Program 60. Frankfort: Eastern Kentucky Regional Planning Commission, 1959.
———. Program 60: Report. Frankfort: Eastern Kentucky Regional Planning Commission, 1962.
Grossman, David A., and Melvin R. Levin. The Appalachian Region: A Preliminary Analysis of Economic and Population Trends in an Eleven State Problem Area. Annapolis: Maryland Department of Economic Development, 1960.
Jensen, J. Bradford. Birth and Death of Manufacturing Plants and Restructuring in Appalachia’s Industrial Economy, 1963–1992: Evidence from the Longitudinal Research Database. Washington, DC: ARC, 1998.
Kentucky Agricultural Development Board. Economic Data on Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. Frankfort: Commonwealth of Kentucky, 1956.
Kentucky Junior Chamber of Commerce. Annual Report, 1956–57. Louisville: Kentucky Junior Chamber of Commerce, 1957.
Pollard, Kelvin M. Appalachia at the Millennium: An Overview of Results from Census 2000. Washington, DC: ARC, 2003.
President’s Appalachian Regional Commission. Appalachia: A Report by the President’s Appalachian Regional Commission. Washington, DC: PARC, 1964.
Stensland, Jeffrey, Curt Mueller, and Janet Sutton. Analysis of Financial Conditions of Health Care Institutions in the Appalachian Region and Their Economic Impacts. Washington, DC: ARC, 2002.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Population, 1950. Washington, DC: GPO, 1952.
———. Census of Population, 1960. Washington, DC: GPO, 1962.
———. Census of Population, 1970. Washington, DC: GPO, 1973.
———. Census of Population, 1980. Washington, DC: GPO, 1983.
———. Census of Population, 1990. Washington, DC: GPO, 1993.
———. Census of Population, 2000. Washington, DC: GPO, 2003.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Technology, Productivity, and Labor in the Bituminous Coal Industry, 1950–79. Bulletin 2072. Washington, DC: GPO, 1981.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Summary and Analysis of the Legislative History of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 and Subsequent Amendments. Report prepared by Douglas Reid Weimer. 99th Cong., 1st sess., 1985. Committee Print 14.
———. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, Subcommittee on Employment, Manpower, and Poverty. Examination of the War on Poverty. 90th Cong., 1st sess., 1967.
Whitener, Leslie A., Robert Gibbs, and Lorin Kusmin. “Rural Welfare Reform: Lessons Learned.” Amber Waves, June 2003.
Wood, Lawrence E. Trends in National and Regional Economic Distress, 1960–2000. Washington, DC: ARC, 2005.
DOCUMENTARY FILMS
Beyond Measure: Appalachian Culture and Economy. Directed by Herb E. Smith. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1994.
Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man. Directed by Mimi Pickering. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1984.
Coalmining Women. Directed by Elizabeth Barret. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1982.
Fightin’ for a Breath. Directed by Stephanie Wagner Whetstone. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1995.
Justice in the Coal Fields. Directed by Anne Lewis. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1995.
Keeper of the Mountains. Directed by B. J. Gudmundsson. Lewisburg, WV: Patchwork Films, 2006.
Long Journey Home. Directed by Elizabeth Barret. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1987.
Mud Creek Clinic. Directed by Anne Lewis. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1986.
On Our Own Land. Directed by Anne Lewis. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1988.
Ready for Harvest: Clearcutting in the Southern Appalachians. Directed by Anne Lewis. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1984.
Roving Pickets. Directed by Anne Lewis. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1991.
Sludge. Directed by Robert Salyer. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 2004.
Strangers and Kin: A History of the Hillbilly Image. Directed by Herb E. Smith. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1984.
Stranger with a Camera. Directed by Elizabeth Barret. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 2000.
Strip Mining: Energy, Environment, and Economics. Directed by Francis Morton and Gene DuBey. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1979.
To Save the Land and People. Directed by Anne Lewis. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop, 1999.
THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
Arnett, Douglass. “Eastern Kentucky and the Politics of Dependency and Development.” PhD diss., Duke University, 1978.
Duff, Frank. “Government in an Eastern Kentucky Coal County.” Master’s thesis, University of Kentucky, 1950.
Hoffman, Richard L. “Community Action: Innovative and Coordinative Strategies in the War on Poverty.” PhD diss., University of North Carolina, 1969.
Hopkins, George W. “The Miners for Democracy: Insurgency in the United Mine Workers of America, 1970–1972.” PhD diss., University of North Carolina, 1976.
Jensen, Richard J. “Rebellion in the United Mine Workers: The Miners for Democracy, 1970–1972.” PhD diss., Indiana University, 1974.
Kiffmeyer, Thomas J. “From Self-Help to Sedition: The Appalachian Volunteers and the War on Poverty in Eastern Kentucky, 1964–1970.” PhD diss., University of Kentucky, 1998.
Maggard, Sally Ward. “Eastern Kentucky Women on Strike: A Study of Gender, Class, and Political Action in the 1970s.” PhD diss., University of Kentucky, 1988.
Napier, Jerry Wayne. “Mines, Miners, and Machines: Coal Mine Mechanization and the Eastern Kentucky Coal Fields, 1890–1990.” PhD diss., University of Kentucky, 1997.
Nyden, Paul J. “Miners for Democracy: Struggle in the Coal Fields.” PhD diss., Columbia University, 1974.
Taul, Glen Edward. “Poverty, Development, and Government in Appalachia: Origins of the Appalachian Regional Commission, 1956–1965.” PhD diss., University of Kentucky, 2001.
Varat, Daniel. “The Champion Family: Mountaineers in the Modern World.” PhD diss., University of Mississippi, 2002.
BOOKS AND ARTICLES
Abramson, Rudy, and Jean Haskell, eds. Encyclopedia of Appalachia. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006.
Adams, Noah. Far Appalachia: Following the New River North. New York: Dell, 2002.
Anderson, James E. “Poverty, Unemployment, and Economic Development: The Search for a National Antipoverty Policy.” Journal of Politics 29 (February 1967).
Appalachian Landownership Task Force. Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983.
ARC Accountability Project. The Appalachian Regional Commission: Boon or Boondoggle—A Citizens’ Handbook on the ARC. Morgantown, WV: ARC Accountability Project, 1974.
Arnow, Harriette. The Dollmaker. New York: Macmillan, 1954.
———. “The Gray Woman of Appalachia.” Nation, December 28, 1970.
Bailey, Jason, and Justin Maxson. Accounting for Impact: Economic Development Spending in Kentucky. Berea, KY: Mountain Association for Community Economic Development, 2006.
Bailey, Jason, and Liz Natter. Kentucky’s Low Road to Economic Development: What Corporate Subsidies Are Doing to the Commonwealth. Lexington, KY: Democracy Resource Center, 2000.
Ball, Richard A. “Social Change and Power Structure: An Appalachian Case.” In Photiadis and Schwarzweller, Change in Rural Appalachia.
Bartlett, Richard A. Troubled Waters: Champion International and the Pigeon River Controversy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995.
Batteau, Alan, ed. Appalachia and America
: Autonomy and Regional Dependence. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983.
Bernstein, Jared, Elizabeth McNichol, and Karen Lyons. Pulling Apart: A State-by-State Analysis of Income Trends. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2006.
Berry, Chad. Southern Migrants, Northern Exiles. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
Bethell, Thomas N. “Conspiracy in Coal.” In Walls and Stephenson, Appalachia in the Sixties.
Bethell, Thomas N., and Davitt McAteer. The Pittston Mentality: Manslaughter on Buffalo Creek. Huntington, WV: Appalachian Movement Press, 1972.
Billings, Dwight, and Kathleen Blee. The Road to Poverty: The Making of Wealth and Hardship in Appalachia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Bookbinder, Bernie. “Appalachia: The Desperate Americans.” Newsday, December 17, 1963.
Boone, Richard W. “Working with the Poor.” New Republic, November 9, 1965.
Borman, Kathryn, and Phillip J. Obermiller. From Mountain to Metropolis: Appalachian Migrants in American Cities. Westport: Bergin and Garvey, 1994.
Braden, Anne. “The McSurely Case and Repression in the 1960s.” Southern Exposure, September–October 1983.
Bradshaw, Michael. The Appalachian Regional Commission: Twenty-five Years of Government Policy. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1992.
Branscome, James. The Federal Government in Appalachia. New York: Field Foundation, 1977.
Brauer, Carl M. “Kennedy, Johnson, and the War on Poverty.” Journal of American History 69, no. 1 (1982).
Bray, Howard. “Appalachia: The View from Washington.” Progressive, February 1975.
Brisbin, Richard A. A Strike like No Other Strike: Law and Resistance during the Pittson Coal Strike of 1989–1990. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
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