The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu
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Saudi Arabia, 7, 40, 49, 60, 64–68, 72, 139, 166, 174, 239
Ghali and, 112–13, 122
Savama-DCI (Association for Manuscript Preservation and Valorization for the Defense of Islamic Culture), 60, 64, 157, 162, 172, 200, 230
Ségou, 64, 113–14, 130, 234, 236, 245
in colonial period, 33
rescuing manuscripts and, 183–84
Senegal, 5, 31, 42, 61, 100, 132, 150, 235
and peacekeeping in Mali, 233
and war in Mali, 223
Serval, Operation, 196, 218, 226, 233
Sévaré, 136, 182–83, 192–95, 215, 217
sex, sexuality, 19–21, 156
Shariah law, 1, 67, 113, 123–24, 193, 207–8, 212
draconian punishments and, 170, 172
Haidara’s nephew’s arrest and, 173–75
and occupation of Gao, 149, 170
and occupation of Konna, 191
and occupation of Timbuktu, 143–46, 148, 167–69, 173–74, 176, 185, 187
and war on musicians, 168
Shekau, Abubakar, 153
Shi’ites, Shi’ism, 67, 99, 119, 166, 202
Sidi Yahya Mosque, 123–24, 142
Signifying Monkey, The (Gates), 51
Songhai Empire, 13, 16, 18, 52, 133, 153
Haidara’s prospecting work and, 32, 34
histories of, 27, 31
Jews in, 24–25, 63, 212
Sorhai tribe, 4, 8, 32, 42, 66, 68, 118, 133–34, 170, 199, 245
South Africa, 63–64, 116, 154, 233
Soviet Union, 73–74, 109, 112, 222
Spain, 12, 15, 62–63, 101, 103, 105
”Still Here” (Hammer), 58
Stolk, Deborah, 155
Sudan, 6, 13, 27, 72
Sufis, Sufism, 5, 16–17, 23, 46, 67, 117, 160, 213
attacks on shrines of, 166–67, 179, 187, 238
Ghali and, 81
Mawloud festival and, 202–3
reformers and, 26–27
Sunni Ali, King of the Songhai Empire, 15–16, 212
Sunnis, 67, 112, 179, 203
Sweden, 126–30, 140, 152, 233
Syria, 49, 72, 133, 203
Tablighi Jama’at, 85–86, 97–98
Taghaza, 25, 35–36, 83
Taliban, 71–72, 91, 97, 222
Tariq al Fattash, 13
Tariq Al Sudan, 18, 26–28
“Telltale Scribes of Timbuktu, The” (Gwin), 118–19
terrorists, terrorism, 78, 112, 124, 153, 171, 193, 227
Abou Zeid and, 79–80, 102, 141
Algeria and, 77, 79
AQIM and, 2, 100–101, 105, 109–10, 213
in Bamako, 213
Belmokhtar and, 73–74, 90
drug trafficking and, 106
El Para and, 79, 96, 107
Ghali and, 98, 237
Huddleston and, 92, 98, 107
and international intervention and war, 188, 213, 234, 238
kidnappings and, 80, 105, 216, 232
Libya and, 70–71
on 9/11, 68, 71, 89, 97, 100
and occupation of Timbuktu, 139, 141
Wald and, 93
Tessalit, 132, 218, 220–22, 224, 226
Timbuctoo the Mysterious (Dubois), 28, 200, 204–5
Timbuktu, 1–10, 12–23, 57–69, 83, 106, 115–21
Ahmed Baba’s manuscripts and, 23
and attacks on shrines and cemeteries, 165–67, 179, 187, 238
Belmokhtar and, 96–97, 101
cataloguing manuscripts and, 231
in colonial period, 27–28, 33, 235
as commercial, literary, and cultural crossroads, 12–17, 58, 61, 115–16, 212, 242
Crisis Committee of, 144–45, 150–51, 164, 175–76, 185–86, 203–4, 207
destruction of manuscripts in, 26–27, 209–11
draconian punishments in, 168–71
education in, 3, 9, 12–13, 16–17, 51, 148, 151, 163, 172, 241
and Festival in the Desert, 57–58, 85, 129–30, 234, 236–37
Gates and, 51–54
Ghali and, 84
Golden Age of, 1, 3, 7, 10, 12–13, 16–17, 23, 25, 53–54, 58, 61, 174, 242
growth of, 14–15
and Haidara’s childhood and adolescence, 3–5, 9
Haidara’s home in, 59, 66, 138, 142, 151, 154, 159
Haidara’s prospecting work and, 30–32, 34, 37–42, 44–45, 47–48
Hammer’s trips to, 58–59, 64–69, 123–24, 139, 148, 164–65, 167, 206–7, 210, 214–15
hiding manuscripts and, 2–3, 7
Huddleston and, 94–97
insurgency in, 58–59, 72, 133–39
and international intervention and war, 198–200, 202, 206–7, 214–15, 217, 223, 226, 232, 239
Islamic Police in, 1–2, 145–47, 149–50, 159–61, 168–69, 173–76, 181, 185, 200, 238
Islam in, 17–19, 21, 24–26, 68–69, 156, 165, 212
isolation of, 4, 58, 61
Jews in, 23–25, 46, 212
jurisprudence in, 17–19
kidnappings and, 126–29, 152, 189, 233
Konna military operations and, 190
Leo Africanus and, 12–13
liberation of, 217–18
Libyan manuscript acquisition attempts and, 49–50
Libyan revolution and, 120–21
Mamma Haidara Library and, 54–55
manuscript evaluation and, 37–38
manuscript market in, 13–14, 28
manuscript writing and collecting in, 3–4, 7–8, 17–18, 37–38, 53–54, 57–63, 66, 154–55, 160, 174, 202, 241–42
Mawloud festival in, 202–4, 218
Moroccan siege, invasion, and occupation of, 7, 10, 25–26, 54, 160, 165
naming of, 14
physical appearance of, 5, 95
physical appearance of manuscripts of, 21–22
as progressive society, 17–20, 46
Proof Committee of, 203–4
protests in, 176–77
rebel occupation of, 2, 20, 137–82, 185–89, 200–204, 206–7, 209–12, 214, 216, 221–22, 227, 235–36, 238
and rebel occupation of Konna, 191
rescuing manuscripts and, 1–2, 157–63, 172–75, 178, 180–86, 192, 199–201, 204–5, 211–12, 214, 226, 229, 231
retreat of rebels from, 201, 207–10, 212–13
returning manuscripts to, 219, 226, 231–32, 240, 242
scholarship in, 12–13, 16–20, 25–28, 46, 53–54, 61, 165, 231
Shariah Court of, 148, 169, 174
subject matter of manuscripts of, 17–21
Sufi reformers in, 26–27
Sunni Ali and, 15–16
and threats to manuscripts, 155, 162
tourism in, 61, 67–68, 95, 126–28, 130, 139–40, 155, 164, 179, 201, 236
treatment of women in, 146–47, 175–76
university library of, 51–52
violence and looting in, 138–39, 144, 146, 150, 169, 179–80
Wald and, 94–95
weather in, 54–55, 137–38, 231
Touré, Ali Farka, 57–58, 67–68, 82, 128–29, 139, 168
Touré, Amadou Toumani, 88–89, 128
AQIM and, 110–11
and Festival in the Desert, 130–31
Ghali and, 96–97, 111, 122
overthrow of, 132–33
Qaddafi and, 120
Wald and, 91–94
Touré, Boubacar, 58–59
and occupation of Timbuktu, 139–42, 152
Touré, Ibrahim Khalil:
and occupation of Timbuktu, 144–45, 148, 150–52, 176, 185–86, 189, 207
rescuing manuscripts and, 185–86
Touré, Mohammed, 217
arrested and detained, 173–75, 182–86, 188, 232
cataloguing manuscripts and, 231
and occupation of Timbuktu, 172–73, 189
rescuing manuscripts and, 157–59, 162–63, 172–75, 181–86, 188–89
Touré, Vie
ux Farka, 129
Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative, 106
Traoré, Dioncounda, 194
Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (Barth), 27
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 29
Tripoli, 4, 13, 49–50, 63, 70–71, 81–82, 119–21, 179
Truman, James, 128–29
Tuaregs, 17, 64, 76, 80, 87, 102, 116, 119, 122–25, 127–29, 158, 206–7, 223
annual migrations of, 14
in colonial period, 5–6
draconian punishments and, 170
drug trafficking and, 105
and Festival in the Desert, 57–58, 85, 87, 128–31
and Festival on the Niger, 235–36
Ghali and, 81–88, 96–97, 111–12, 122–25, 138–39, 141, 237
Haidara’s prospecting work and, 38–40
Huddleston and, 96–97, 108
insurgency of, 50, 58–59, 65, 68, 72, 81, 83, 89, 96, 108–9, 112, 122–25, 133–35, 137–38, 219, 234–35
Libyan revolution and, 120–21, 133
and occupation of Gao, 167
and occupation of Timbuktu, 137–42, 144, 148, 167, 170, 179
and overthrow of Touré, 133
physical appearance of, 26, 67, 131
relations between AQIM and, 123–25
rescuing manuscripts and, 205
retreat of, 167–68, 180
and unrest in Kidal, 234
and war on musicians, 168
Zakak meeting and, 121, 123–24
Tunisia, 13, 17, 28, 37, 76, 101–2, 119
Turquoise, Operation, 214
United Nations, 100, 103, 105, 122
and peacekeeping in Mali, 232–35
Security Council of, 119, 187
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 7, 31, 61, 95
and threats to manuscripts, 162–63
Vanity Fair, 128–29
Verdon, Philippe, 232–33
Villa Soudan, 158, 239
Waffayat Al Ayan Libnu Halakan (Ibn Khalilkan), 241–42
Wahhabis, Wahhabism, 66–69, 112–13, 117, 151, 166, 179, 212–13, 225
Wald, Charles F. “Chuck,” 70–73, 90–95
air strikes and, 90–93
background of, 70–71
Belmokhtar and, 73, 90, 93, 95
El Para and, 107
Huddleston and, 91–95, 107
Wangari, Sidi Yayia Al, 61–62
Wangari Library, Al, 62
Washington, D.C., 61, 108, 111, 116, 194
Yemen, 72, 133
Zakak, 121, 123–24
Zawahiri, Ayman Al, 100, 133
Zayati, Hassan Mohammed Al Wazzan Al, see Leo Africanus
Zouber, Mahmoud, 48–49, 64
education of, 9–10
Haidara’s meetings with, 9–10, 30–31, 41–42
Haidara’s prospecting work and, 11, 30–31, 41–42
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ISBN 978-1-4767-7740-5
ISBN 978-1-4767-7743-6 (ebook)