Gibraltar
Page 46
31. Drinkwater 1785, p. 271.
32. BL Add MS 38605; DALSS 346M/016.
33. Anon 1783, p. 40.
34. Drinkwater 1785, p. 284.
35. Newcastle Journal 17 August 1782.
36. Anon 1783, p. 44.
37. Ancell 1793, p. 206.
38. Ancell 1793, p. 207.
39. REM 5601.03.2.
40. Lindsay 1793, p. 491.
41. REM 5601.03.2.
42. Drinkwater 1785, p. 286.
43. Anon 1783, p. 47.
44. Drinkwater 1785, p. 287.
CHAPTER TWENTY: MASS ATTACK
1. Drinkwater 1785, p. 288.
2. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 288–9.
3. Ancell 1793, p. 208.
4. Anon 1783, pp. 47–8.
5. Langle 1785, p. 71.
6. D’Arçon 1783, p. 14 fn.
7. REM 5601.03.2.
8. Lindsay 1793, p. 493.
9. Universal Magazine 71 (1782), p. 273.
10. Anon 1783, p. 45; d’Arçon 1783, p. 12.
11. Drinkwater 1785, p. 295 fn.
12. REM 5601.03.2.
13. Drinkwater 1785, p. 289.
14. Gordon 1784, p. 25.
15. Lindsay 1793, pp. 493, 502.
16. Ancell 1793, p. 209.
17. Anon 1783, pp. 48–9.
18. Anon 1783, p. 49.
19. Anon 1783, p. 49.
20. BL Add MS 38605.
21. Lindsay 1793, p. 494.
22. BL Add MS 38605.
23. Lindsay 1793, p. 503.
24. Ancell 1793, p. 221.
25. Drinkwater 1785, p. 301.
26. Ancell 1793, p. 211.
27. Lindsay 1793, p. 504.
28. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 290, 291.
29. REM 5601.03.2.
30. Anon 1783, pp. 49, 50.
31. Ancell 1793, p. 211.
32. Lindsay 1793, pp. 494–5.
33. BL Add MS 38605; Ancell 1793, p. 221.
34. D’Arçon 1783, pp. 24–5.
35. Anon 1783, p. 51.
36. Lindsay 1793, p. 495.
37. Anon 1783, p. 51.
38. Gordon 1784, p. 23.
39. Lindsay 1793, p. 496.
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: EXPLOSION
1. Anon 1783, p. 52.
2. Crillon 1791, p. 360.
3. D’Arçon 1783, p. 32.
4. Lindsay 1793, p. 497.
5. Lindsay 1793, p. 497.
6. BL Add MS 38605.
7. Anon 1783, p. 52.
8. Drinkwater 1785, p. 292.
9. TNA PRO 30/11/271.
10. Anon 1785, p. 152.
11. Lindsay 1793, p. 498.
12. Anon 1783, pp. 52–3.
13. Drinkwater 1785, p. 292.
14. Gordon 1784, p. 47.
15. Universal Magazine of Knowledge 71 (1782), p. 271.
16. Universal Magazine of Knowledge 71 (1782), p. 271.
17. Anon 1783, p. 53.
18. Lindsay 1793, p. 499.
19. London Gazette 16 November 1782.
20. Ancell 1793, p. 214.
21. Spilsbury 1908, p. 78.
22. Lindsay 1793, p. 501.
23. TNA PRO 30/11/271; Picton wrongly claimed this was the Pastora, which did not explode.
24. TNA PRO 30/11/271.
25. DALSS 346M/017.
26. Ancell 1793, p. 215.
27. Ancell 1793, p. 217.
28. Drinkwater 1785, p. 302.
29. Ancell 1784, p. 267.
30. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
31. 346M/F160, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
32. Gordon 1784, p. 26.
33. Anon 1783, p. 59.
34. BL Add MS 38605.
35. Gordon 1784, p. 28.
36. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 302–3.
37. Lindsay 1793, p. 504.
38. BL Add MS 38605.
39. Anon 1783, p. 56.
40. Anon 1783, p. 57.
41. Lindsay 1793, pp. 503–4.
42. Anon 1783, pp. 57–8.
43. Aberdeen Journal 25 November 1782; Manchester Mercury 15 October 1782.
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO: HURRICANE
1. Drinkwater 1785, p. 300.
2. Anon 1783, p. 65.
3. Drinkwater 1785, p. 301.
4. BL Add MS 38605.
5. Drinkwater 1785, p. 308.
6. Anon 1783, p. 76.
7. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 309–10.
8. Anon 1783, pp. 65–6.
9. Laughton. 1902, p. 217.
10. New Lloyd’s List 24 September 1782; Hampshire Chronicle 30 September 1782.
11. New Lloyd’s List 8 October 1782.
12. Laughton 1902, p. 217; Beatson 1804, pp. 647–8.
13. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 314, 316; Anon 1783, p. 78.
14. Anon 1783, p. 79.
15. 346M/017, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
16. 346M/017, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
17. Political Magazine December 1782, p. 721.
18. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 319–20.
19. Anon 1783, pp. 81–2.
20. Drinkwater. 1785, pp. 320–1.
21. Macdonald 1906, p. 59.
22. Drinkwater 1785, p. 320.
23. Political Magazine December 1782, p. 721.
24. BL Add MS 38605.
25. Drinkwater 1785, p. 323.
26. Wale 1883, p. 224.
27. Laughton 1902, pp. 218–19.
28. Historical Manuscripts Commission 1894, p. 65.
29. Laughton 1902, p. 219.
30. Laughton 1902, p. 219.
31. Kentish Gazette 14 September 1782.
32. Historical Manuscripts Commission 1894, p. 65.
33. Kentish Gazette 30 November 1782.
34. Newcastle Chronicle 30 November 1782.
35. Carnet de la Sabretache 1907, p. 548.
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: PEACE AND PLENTY
1. BL Add MS 38606.
2. Drinkwater 1785, p. 329.
3. Drinkwater 1785, p. 331.
4. Parliamentary History of England 23 (1814), p. 239.
5. Parliamentary History of England 23 (1814), pp. 239–40.
6. Scots Magazine 44 (1782), p. 681.
7. Scots Magazine 44 (1782), p. 682.
8. Spilsbury 1908, p. 107.
9. Spilsbury 1908, p. 90; BL Add MS 38606.
10. Drinkwater 1785, p. 332.
11. Connolly 1855, p. 24.
12. BL Add MS 38606.
13. Drinkwater 1785, p. 333.
14. BL Add MS 38606.
15. TNA WO 25/435.
16. Drinkwater 1785, p. 334.
17. BL Add MS 38606; Spilsbury 1908, p. 91.
18. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 337, 338.
19. Adams 1840, p. 176.
20. BL Add MS 38605.
21. Gordon 1784, p. 33.
22. Drinkwater 1785, p. 337.
23. Spilsbury 1908, p. 93; Drinkwater 1785, p. 339.
24. Spilsbury 1908, pp. 94, 95 and manuscript in the Garrison Library. Cross Purposes was a farce and True Blue (or The Press Gang) a musical interlude.
25. BL Add MS 38606.
26. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service; BL Add MS 38606.
27. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archiv
es and Local Studies Service.
28. Ancell 1793, p. 228; BL Add MS 38606.
29. BL Add MS 38606.
30. Drinkwater 1785, p. 343; BL Add MS 38606.
31. Ancell 1793, p. 235.
32. BL Add MS 38606.
33. Drinkwater 1785, p. 345.
34. Gordon 1784, p. 33.
35. Ancell 1793, pp. 235–6.
36. Ancell 1784, p. 285.
37. BL Add MS 38606.
38. Drinkwater 1785, p. 345.
39. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 344, 345.
40. Spilsbury 1908, p. 98.
41. Drinkwater 1785, p. 346.
42. Drinkwater 1785, p. 347.
43. Spilsbury 1908, p. 101; BL Add MS 38606.
44. Drinkwater 1786, p. 343.
45. Drinkwater 1786, p. 343; Heriot 1792, p. 135; BL Add MS 38606.
46. Heriot 1792, p. 135.
47. Drinkwater 1785, p. 346.
48. Drinkwater 1785, p. 351.
49. Drinkwater 1785, p. 351.
50. Spilsbury 1908, p. 104.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: AFTERMATH
1. BL Add MS 38606, from ‘The Contrast by a Soldier in Gibraltar’.
2. Vernon 1792, pp. 99–100. Vernon became lieutenant in 1793 and died three years later, aged thirty-one.
3. Lovell 1879, p. 16.
4. Drewry’s Derby Mercury 17 July 1783.
5. Johnson 1971.
6. Essex Standard 16 December 1836. Her husband John had already died, and she died in 1837.
7. 346M/017, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
8. Cockburn 1815, pp. 17–18.
9. Cockburn 1815, p. 17.
10. Cockburn 1815, p. 16.
11. Cockburn 1815, p. 18.
12. Gibraltar Chronicle 28 December 1811.
13. Gibraltar Chronicle 28 December 1811.
14. 346M/017, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service; GNA 1777 census.
15. Annual Register 1806 (1808) p. 511.
16. Biographie Universelle, ancienne et moderne, supplément, vol. 67 (1840), p. 364.
17. Cranfield 1844, pp. 23–4; King’s Chapel MS ‘Marriages for the year 1783’.
18. Cranfield 1844, pp. 26–7.
19. 21 Charles Street; Adkins 2003, p. 349.
20. Macdonald 1906, pp. 67–8.
21. Macdonald 1906, p. 68; Landmann 1852, pp. 21, 24.
22. Landmann 1852, pp. 22–3.
23. Landmann 1852, pp. 24–5.
24. Landmann 1852, p. 27; Macdonald 1906, pp. 70–1.
25. Gentleman’s Magazine 60 (1790), p. 671.
26. The Times 17 July 1790.
27. Landmann 1852, p. 28; TNA PROB 11/1194/187.
28. Chester Chronicle 6 August 1790.
29. Rosado 2002, pp. 8–9.
30. Upton 1784, p. viii.
31. Upton 1784, p. 6.
32. Sinclair 1783, pp. v–vi, 12; he admits he was the author in Sinclair 1831, p. xxix.
33. Sinclair 1783, p. 32.
34. Tancred 1907, p. 23.
35. Annual Register 1783 (1784), pp. 217–18.
36. Atkinson (1919) says they were not the same regiments as the Hanoverians, but that the Kaiser in 1901 awarded them the Gibraltar honour for prestige.
37. Tancred 1907, pp. 23–4.
38. Fortescue 1928b, p. 192.
39. Glueckstein 2013–14.
40. Churchill 1953, p. 607.
41. Adkins 2004, pp. 275–7.
42. NMM MDT/3.
43. NMM MDT/23.
44. Smith 1866, p. 183.
45. Drinkwater 1797.
46. Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 20 January 1844.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adams, Mrs 1840 (2nd edn) Letters of Mrs. Adams, The Wife of John Adams, with an introductory memoir by her grandson, Charles Francis Adams vol. 1 (Boston)
Adkins, L. 2003 Empires of the Plain (London)
Adkins, R. 2004 Trafalgar: The Biography of a Battle (London)
Adkins, R. and L. 2008 Jack Tar: Life in Nelson’s Navy (London)
Ancell, S. 1784 A circumstantial journal of the long and tedious blockade and siege of Gibraltar (Liverpool)
Ancell, S. 1793 (4th edn) A journal of the blockade and siege of Gibraltar (Cork)
Anon 1782 An accurate description of Gibraltar: interspersed with a pathetic account of the progress of the siege (London)
Anon 1783 Histoire du siège de Gibraltar (Cadiz)
Anon 1784 Nachrichten von Gibraltar in Auszügen aus Original-Briefen eines hannöverischen Offiziers aus Gibraltar, vor und während der letzen Belagerung (Frankfurt, Leipzig)
Anon 1785 An authentic and accurate journal of the late siege of Gibraltar (London)
Anon 1806 ‘Biographical Memoir of Sir Thomas Louis, Bart K.M.T. and K.S.F. Rear-Admiral of the White Squadron’ Naval Chronicle 16, pp. 177–93
Anon 1834 ‘The loss of the Royal George’ Penny Magazine 3, pp. 174–6
D’Arçon, M. 1783 Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire du siège de Gibraltar (Cadiz)
D’Arneth, A. and Geffroy, M. A. 1874 (2nd edn) Marie-Antoinette. Correspondance Secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le Cte de Mercy-Argenteau avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette vol. 3 (Paris)
Atkinson, C.T. 1919 ‘The Hanoverians at Gibraltar’ United Service Magazine 59, pp. 25–41
Atkinson, C.T. 1947 The Dorsetshire Regiment vol. 1 (Oxford)
Ayala, I.L. de 1782 Historia de Gibraltar (Madrid)
Baldry, W.Y. 1936 ‘The sortie from Gibraltar, 27th November, 1781’ Journal of the Society of Army Historical Research 15, pp. 144–51
Barnes, G.A. and Owen, J.H. (eds) 1936 The Private Papers of John, Earl of Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty 1771–1782 vol. 3 (Navy Records Society)
Barnes, G.A. and Owen, J.H. (eds) 1938 The Private Papers of John, Earl of Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty 1771–1782 vol. 4 (Navy Records Society)
Beatson, R. 1804 Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain from 1727 to 1783 vol. 5 (London)
Bell, J. 1795 Discourses on the Nature and Cure of Wounds (Edinburgh)
Bell, J. and Ayala, I.L. 1845 The History of Gibraltar (translated from the Spanish of Don Ignacio Lopez de Ayala) (London)
Benady, S. 1994 Civil Hospital and Epidemics in Gibraltar (Grendon)
Benady, T. 2005 ‘The Settlement of Jews in Gibraltar, 1704–1783’ Gibraltar Heritage Journal special edn, pp. 71–117 (a reprinted and updated article from Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England 26, 1979, pp. 87–110)
Budworth, J. 1795 The Siege of Gibraltar: A Poem (London)
Cairncross, A. 1783 ‘A curious case of a very remarkable and surprising recovery in a private soldier of the second battalion, 73d Regiment, serving in Gibraltar, 1781’ Medical Commentaries for the years 1781–82 (ed. A. Duncan), pp. 296–304
Carter, F. 1777 A Journey from Gibraltar to Malaga vol. 1 (London)
Churchill, W. 1953 The Second World War Volume VI Triumph and Tragedy (Boston)
Coad, J. 2013 Support for the Fleet: Architecture and engineering of the Royal Navy’s Bases 1700–1914 (Swindon)
Cockburn, G. 1815 A Voyage to Cadiz and Gibraltar vol. 1 (London)
Conn, S. 1942 Gibraltar in British Diplomacy in the Eighteenth Century (New Haven, London)
Connolly, T.W.J. 1855 The History of the Royal Sappers and Miners vol. 1 (London)
Conolly, M.F. 1866 Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Men of Fife (Cupar, Edinburgh)
Cranfield, T. 1844 The Useful Christian: A Memoir (London)
Crespo, M. and Galliano
, M. 2013 ‘The Great Siege – with a Minorcan Emphasis’ Gibraltar Heritage Journal 20, pp. 50–69
Creswell, S.F. 1863 Collections towards the History of Printing in Nottinghamshire (London)
Crillon, Duc de 1791 Mémoires Militaires de Louis de Berton des Balbes de Quiers (Paris)
Donne, W.B. 1867 The Correspondence of King George The Third with Lord North From 1768 to 1783 vol. 2 (London)
Drinkwater, J. 1785 A History of the Late Siege of Gibraltar (London)
Drinkwater, J. 1786 (2nd edn) A History of the Siege of Gibraltar (Edinburgh)
Drinkwater, J. 1797 Narrative of the Proceedings of the British Fleet commanded by Admiral Sir John Jervis, KB, in the late action with the Spanish fleet (London)
Dumont, P.-J. 1819 Narrative of thirty-four years slavery and travels in Africa, collected from the account delivered by himself by J.S. Quesne (London)
Duncan, F. 1872 History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery vol. 1 (London)
Eliott-Drake, E. 1911 The Family and Heirs of Sir Francis Drake vol. 2 (London)
Ellis, K. 1958 The Post Office in the Eighteenth Century: A Study in Administrative History (London)
Evelegh, A. 1965 Some Notes on the Evelegh Family (Southsea)
Falconer, A.F. 1946 ‘The loss of the Royal George’ Mariner’s Mirror 32, p. 188
Fortescue, J.W. 1902 A History of the British Army vol. III 1763–1793 (London, New York)
Fortescue, J. (ed.) 1928a The Correspondence of King George the Third from 1760 to December 1783 vol. 4 (London)
Fortescue, J. (ed.) 1928b The Correspondence of King George the Third from 1760 to December 1783 vol. 6 (London)
Garcia, R.J.M. 2014 A Mighty Fortress set in the Silver Sea (Gibraltar)
Garcia, R.J.M. 2016 The Currency and Coinage of Gibraltar, 1704–2014 (Gibraltar)
Garstin, C. 1925 Samuel Kelly: An Eighteenth Century Seaman (London)
Glueckstein, F. 2013–14 ‘Churchill and the Barbary Macaques: A visit to Gibraltar’s Fabled Rock’ Finest Hour 161, pp. 53–5
Gordon, W. 1784 The History of the Blockade and Siege of Gibraltar. To which are added, memoirs of the life and military services of General Elliot (Aberdeen)
Harvey, P.D.A. 1961 ‘An account of the Siege of Gibraltar, 1779–83’ The British Museum Quarterly 23, pp. 93–5
Hennen, J. 1830 Sketches of the Medical Topography of the Mediterranean (London)
Herbert, C. 1967 ‘Coxheath Camp, 1778–1779’ Journal for the Society of Army Historical Research 45, pp. 129–48
Heriot, J. 1792 An historical sketch of Gibraltar, with an account of the siege (London)
Hills, G. 1974 Rock of Contention: A History of Gibraltar (London)