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27. “Marshall: Speaking Ill of the Dead,” Newsweek, Aug. 6, 1990, p. 18.
28. Ruth Marcus, “Plain Spoken …,” Washington Post, June 29, 1991, p. A1.
29. Author’s interview with Jack Valenti.
30. Author’s interview with Gloria Branker.
33. Resurrection
1. Washington Post, Jan. 29, 1993.
2. Author’s interview with William Pregnell. “I just read the Episcopal Burial Service, with no comment,” Rev. Pregnell recalled. “Sometimes saying less is better with a person whose presence is so commanding. I said to myself, ‘God look at this. I’m a white, middle-class kid from Charleston, South Carolina, where the Civil War started. And here I am, committing what I think is the greatest Afro-American in history to his grave, at his family’s request.’ I was really much moved by it.”
3. Author’s interview with Sandra Day O’Connor.
4. Author’s interview with Thomas Krattenmaker.
5. Author’s interview with Lewis Powell.
6. Author’s interview with William Rehnquist.
7. Terry Eastland, Baltimore Sun, July 1, 1991.
RESOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Interviews
Author’s interviews: Willie Adams, Victorine Adams, Terry Adamson, Cliff Alexander, Jesse Anderson, Kevin Baine, Griffin Bell, Cel Bernadino, Berl Bernhard, Sue Bloch, David Bogen, St. Clair Bourne, Gloria Branker, William Brennan, Scott Brewer, Leslie Brown, Philip Brown, Tyrone Brown, William Bryant, Paul Bumpus, Warren Burger, John Butler, Franz Byrd, Mildred Byrd, Cab Calloway, Nixon Camper, Walter Carr, Robert Carter, Stephen Carter, Julius Chambers, Louis Claiborne, Kenneth Clark, Ramsey Clark, Frank Coleman, William T. Coleman, Henry Steele Com-mager, Claude Connor, Archibald Cox, James Crockett, Evelyn Cunningham, Gloster Current, Sam Daniels, John A. Davis, Drew Days, Arnold DeMille, Marietta Dochery James Dorsey, John Dorsey, Monroe Dowling, Ed Dudley, Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher, William Fisher, Owen Fiss, Flo Fleming, John Hope Franklin, James Freedman, Daniel Freidman, Grafton Gaines, Jill Garrett, Jim George, Paul Gewirtz, David Glenn, Ronald J. Greene, Joe Greenhill, Jack Greenberg, Kathleen Hauke, Julia Woodhouse Harden, Donald Hollowell, Leon Higginbotham, Jr., Herbert Hill, Oliver Hill, Benjamin Hooks, Sam Hopkins, Alfreda Hughes, Essie Hughes, Carrie Jackson, Vernon Jordan, Nicholas Katzenbach, Damon Keith, Randall Kennedy, Martin Kilson, Whitman Knapp, Thomas Krattenmaker, Earl Kroger, Lena Lee, Lennie Lewis, John Raymond Lockridge, Peter Lockwood, Jack Lovett, J. Edward Lumbard, Aubrey Marshall, Jr., Burke Marshall, Cecelia Marshall, Goody Marshall, Thurgood Marshall, Louis Martin, Doris Mc-Cree, Enolia McMillan, Genna Rae McNeil, Harry McPherson, Martha Minow, Frank Mitchell, Michael Mitchell, Parren Mitchell, Elizabeth Monteiro, Constance Baker Motley, Michael Murphy, William Murphy, Rosa Murray, James Nabrit III, Helen Nelson, Sandra Day O’Connor, Agnes Patterson, Pat Patterson, Etta Phefer, Theodore Phefer, Louis Pollack, Lewis Powell, William Pregnell, Margery Prout, William Rehnquist, Chuck Robb, Spottswood Robinson III, Stephen Saltzburg, Dick Sanders, Antonin Scalia, John Segenthaler, June Shagaloff, Charlotte Shervington, Phillip L. Spector, Ralph Spritzer, Jordan Steiker, James Stewart, Teddy Stewart, Alice Stovall, William Thompson, Douglas Turnbull, Jr., Mark Tushnet, Jack Valenti, Mike Wallace, Gil Ware, Robert Watts, Robert C. Weaver, Warren Weaver, Byron White, David Wilkins, Maxine Wilkins, Minnie Wilkins, Ethel Williams, Karen Hastie Williams, Vinnie Williams, Ralph Winter, Rose Wiseman, Harris Wofford, Biddie Woods, Andrew Young
Amistad Oral History: Daniel Byrd
Columbia Oral History: Sam Battle, Walter Gellhorn, Jack Greenberg, Thurgood Marshall, Henry Lee Moon, James Nabrit II, J. Waties Waring
Howard University Oral History Program: Wiley Branton
George and Caroline Stevens, American Film Institute: Julia Davis Adams, Robert Carter, Kenneth Clark, John Hope Franklin, Jack Weinstein, Taggart Whipple
Fisk University Black Oral History Project: A. Macio Smith
Maryland Historical Society: Juanita Mitchell
Public Broadcasting Corporation: Constance Baker Motley
Radio America: Robert Carter, Kenneth Clark, Walter Dellinger, Randall Kennedy, E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr.
WUSA: Thurgood Marshall
Archival
American Film Institute, The Kennedy Center
Amistad Research Center, Tulane University
Carter Presidential Library
Emily Bissell Sanitarium
Eisenhower Presidential Library
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Ford Presidential Library
Harvard University, Frankfurter Papers
Harvard University, Hastie Papers
Library of Congress, NAACP Papers
Library of Congress, Marshall Papers
Lincoln University Archives
Johnson Presidential Library
Kennedy Presidential Library
MacArthur Library
Moreland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
National Archives
Nixon Presidential Library
Reagan Presidential Library
Roosevelt Presidential Library
St. Katherine’s Episcopal Church, Baltimore
Truman Presidential Library
United States Department of Justice
United States Department of State
Yale University, Brown Collection
Yale University, Legal Defense Fund Papers
Newspapers
Annapolis Evening Capitol, Buffalo Courier Express, Chicago Defender, Chicago Sun-Times, Columbia Daily Herald, Baltimore Afro-American, Baltimore American and Commercial Appeal, Baltimore Sun, East Africa Standard, Las Vegas Sun, Legal Times, Lynchburg News, Nashville Banner, Nashville Tennessean, New Jersey Herald News, New York Daily News, New York Herald Tribune, New York Mirror, New York Post, The New York Times, New York World Telegram and Sun, Norfolk Journal and Guide, Oklahoma Black Dispatch, Philadelphia Tribune, Pittsburgh Courier, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Texas Ranger, Toledo Blade, Washington Afro-American, Washington Daily News, The Washington Post, Washington Star, Wilmington Morning News
Journals/Magazines
ABA Journal, American Lawyer, B&O Magazine, Collier’s, Congressional Quarterly, The Crisis, Ebony, Harvard Blackletter Journal, Jet, The Journal of Negro Education, Life, Maryland Historical Magazine, Maryland Law Review, National Lampoon, National Review, The New Yorker, Newsweek, The Survey, Time
Dissertations/Theses
Freedman, Elaine. Harvey Johnson and Everett Waring: A Study of Leadership in the Baltimore Negro Community, 1800–1900. Master’s thesis, George Washington University, September 1968.
Gardner, Bettye Jane. Free Blacks in Baltimore 1800–1860. Ph.D. diss., George Washington University, May 5, 1974.
Hawkins, Mason A. Frederick Douglass High School: A Seventeen-Year Period Survey. College of Education thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1933.
Marth, Andrea L. The Fruits of Jim Crow: The Edgewood Sanatorium and African-American Institution Building in Wilmington, Delaware, 1900–1940. Master’s thesis, University of Delaware, Spring 1994.
Skotnes, Andor. The Black Freedom Movement and the Workers’ Movement in Baltimore, 1930–1939. Ph.D. diss., Rutgers, May 1991.
Books
Anderson, Jervis. This Was Harlem: A Cultural Portrait, 1900–1950. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1982.
Argersinger, Jo Ann E. Toward a New Deal in Baltimore. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.
Bland, Randall, Private Pressure on Public Law. Port Washington, N.Y.: National University Publications, 1973.
Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
Brown, Philip. A Century of Separate but Equal Education in Anne Arundel County. New York: Vantage Press, 1988.
Brugger, Robert J. Maryland: A Middle Temperament. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1988.
Callcott, George. Maryland and America: 1940–1980. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1985.
Caro, Robert. Means of Ascent: The Years of Lyndon Johnson. New York: Vintage Books, 1990.
Charns, Alexander. Cloak and Gavel. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Davis, Michael, and Hunter Clark. Thurgood Marshall: Warrior at the Bar, Rebel on the Bench. New York: Birch Lane Press, 1992.
Dorsen, Norman, ed. The Evolving Constitution. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1987.
Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. New York: Collier Books, 1962.
Douglas, William O. The Court Years, 1937–1975. New York: Random House, 1980.
Fee, Elizabeth, Linda Shopes, and Linda Zeidman, eds. The Baltimore Book. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991.
Fields, Barbara Jeanne. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
Forbush, Bliss. Moses Sheppard: Quaker Philanthropist of Baltimore. Philadelphia and Toronto: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1968.
Friedman, Leon, ed. The Justices of the United States Supreme Court. New York and London: Chelsea House, 1978.
Gallen, David, ed. Black Americans: The FBI Files. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1994.
Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1986.
Gillette, Michael. “Heman Marion Sweatt.” Black Leaders: Texans for Their Times. Texas State Historical Association, 1981.
Goldman, Roger, and David Gallen, eds. Thurgood Marshall: Justice for All. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1992.
Graham, Leroy. Baltimore: The Nineteenth-Century Black Capital. Washington D.C.: University Press of America, 1982.
Greenberg, Jack. Crusaders in the Courts. New York: Basic Books, 1994.
Hall, Kermit, ed. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Harbaugh, William Henry. Lawyer’s Lawyer: The Life of John W. Davis. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1973.
Jack, Robert. History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Boston: Meador Publishing, 1943.
Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice. New York: Vintage Books, 1975.
McNeil, Genna Rae. Groundwork. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983.
Murphy, Bruce A. Fortas. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1988.
Navasky, Victor. Kennedy Justice. New York: Atheneum, 1971.
Poinsett, Alex. Walking with Presidents: Louis Martin and the Rise of Black Political Power. Lanham, Md.: Madison Books, 1997.
Radoff, Morris, ed. The Old Line State: A History of Maryland. Annapolis: Hall of Records Commission, 1971.
Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Reef, Catherine. Buffalo Soldiers. New York: Twenty-first Century Books, 1993.
Scharf, J. Thomas. Chronicles of Baltimore. Baltimore: Turnbull Brothers, 1874.
Sides, Joseph C. Fort Brown Historical. San Antonio: The Naylor Co., 1942.
Speer, Hugh. Case of the Century. Kansas City: University of Missouri, 1968.
Tushnet, Mark. Making Civil Rights Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Waskow, Arthur. From Race Riot to Sit-ins, 1919 and the 1960s. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday & Co., 1966.
Ware, Gilbert. William Hastie. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
White, Walter. A Man Called White. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1948.
Williams, Jamye Coleman. The Negro Speaks. New York: Noble and Noble, 1970.
Williams, Juan. Eyes on the Prize. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.
Williams, Robert. Negroes with Guns. Chicago: Third World Press, 1973.
Wilmer, L. Allison, J. H. Jarrett, and George W. F. Vernon. History and Roster of Maryland Volunteers, War of 1861–5, Vol. II. Baltimore: Guggenheimer, Weil, 1899.
Wilson, Paul. A Time to Lose. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1995.
Wofford, Harris. Of Kings and Kennedys. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.
Woodward, Bob, and Scott Armstrong. The Brethren. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.
Yarbough, Tinsley. A Passion for Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Manuscripts
Bogen, David. “Black Lawyers in Maryland in the Forgotten Era.”
—.“Race and the Law in Maryland.”
PRINCIPAL CASES CITED
Adams v. U.S. (1943)
Ades v. Maryland (1934)
Ake v. Oklahoma (1984)
Alton v. school Board of City of Norfolk (1940)
Angelet v. Fay (1963)
Batson v. Kentucky (1986)
Belton v. Gebhart (1954)
Belton v. Maryland (1969)
Black v. U.S. (1966)
Bolling v. Sharpe (1954)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Boynton v. Virginia (1960)
Briggs v. Elliott (1954)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Buchanan v. Warley (1917)
Bush v. Orleans Parish (1960)
Clark v. CCNV (1984)
Connecticut v. Spell (1940?)
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward (1954)
Dove v. Parham (1959)
Dred Scott v. Standord (1857)
Faubus v. Aaron (1959)
Sheperd v. Florida (1951)
Ford v. Wainwright (1986)
Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980)
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
Garner v. Louisiana (1961)
Gayle v. Browder (1959)
Gong Lum v. Rice (1927)
Green v. County School Board of New Kent (1968)
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Hale v. Kentucky (1938)
Hall v. DeCuir (1878)
Harper v. Virginia Board of Education (1966)
Harrison v. NAACP et al. (1959)
Herbert v. Lando (1979)
Hetenyi v. Wilkins (1964)
Hocutt v. Wilson (1933)
Holtzman v. Schlesinger (1973)
Hurd v. Hodge (1948)
Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966)
Keyishian v. Board of Regents (1964)
Lucy v. Adams (1955)
Lyons v. Oklahoma (1944)
Maher v. Roe (1977)
Maryland v. James Gross (1934)
Maryland v. Virtus Lucas (1936)
McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)
McCready v. Byrd (1950)
McGee v. Sipes (1948)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
Mempha v. Rhay (1967)
Mendez v. Westminster School District (1946)
Metro Broadcasting v. FCC (1990)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
Mills v. Board of Education of Anne Arundel County (1939)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938)
Morgan v. Virginia (1946)
Moses, Harvey v. Dr. W. Aubrey Marshall (1936)
Murray v. Maryland (1936)
Patton v. Mississippi (1947)
Payne v. Tennessee (1991)
People of New York v. Galamison (1964)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Procumier v. Martinez (1974)
NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson (1958,1959)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. (1989)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
Sipuel v. Oklahoma State Regents (1948)
Smith v. Allright (1944)
South Carolina Electric & Gas Co. v. Flemming (1956)
<
br /> Stanley v. Georgia (1969)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
Taylor v. Alabama (1948)
Tennessee v. Pillow and Kennedy (1946)
U.S. v. Classic (1941)
U.S. v. Gilbert (1950)
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
U.S. v. Price (1966)
U.S. v. Yazell (1966)
Virginia v. Crawford (1933)
Ward’s Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio (1989)
Watts v. Indiana (1949)
Williams v. Zimmerman (1937)
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986)
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
JUAN WILLIAMS is the bestselling author of Eyes on the Prize. For twenty-one years he has been a political analyst and national correspondent for The Washington Post. He has also written for Fortune, The Atlantic Monthly, Ebony, GQ, and The New Republic. He has earned widespread critical acclaim for a series of documentaries, including one that won him an Emmy Award. Williams has appeared regularly on numerous television programs, including Oprah, Nightline, Washington Week in Review, Arsenio, CNN’s Crossfire (where he frequently served as co-host), and Capitol Gang Sunday. He is currently a regular panelist on Fox News Sunday.