Apocalypse 1692
Page 30
126. Pinckard, Notes on the West Indies, 343.
127. Dunn, Sugar and Slaves, 239, 245.
128. Craton, Testing the Chains, 52–57.
129. Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire, 217–218.
130. Craton, Testing the Chains, 67.
131. Craton, Testing the Chains, 63–65.
132. Craton, Testing the Chains, 75–76; Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 256–258.
133. Ligon, A True and Exact History of Barbadoes, 46.
134. Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire, 173.
135. Konadu, The Akan Diaspora, 8, 44; Craton, Testing the Chains, 110; Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire, 142.
136. Konadu, The Akan Diaspora, 140.
137. Trial of William Hunt’s Quawcoo, December 11, 1736. Minutes of the Antiguan Council, January 12, 1737, CO9/10. Quoted in Craton, Testing the Chains, 123.
138. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 20.
139. Dunn, A Tale of Two Plantations, 172–180.
140. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 20, 179, 78–79, 94–95, 33.
141. Behn, Oroonoko, 16.
142. Craton, Testing the Chains, 77–78. See also footnote 24, 353–354; Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 258.
143. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 24.
144. John Helyar letter, 7 August 1690, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151–1153, Somerset Heritage Centre.
145. Craton, Testing the Chains, 76.
146. Quoted in Hilary Beckles, “Crop Fetes and Festivals in Caribbean Slavery,” in Alvin O. Thompson (ed.), In the Shadow of the Plantation, 249.
147. Trial of William Hunt’s Quawcoo, December 11, 1736. Minutes of the Antiguan Council, January 12, 1737, CO9/10. Quoted in Gaspar, Bondmen and Rebels, 250.
148. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6; John Helyar letter, 7 August 1690, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151– 1153, Somerset Heritage Centre.
149. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6; John Helyar letter, 7 August 1690, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151– 1153, Somerset Heritage Centre.
150. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6; John Helyar letter, 7 August 1690, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151– 1153, Somerset Heritage Centre.
151. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6; John Helyar letter, 7 August 1690, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151– 1153, Somerset Heritage Centre.
152. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6; John Helyar letter, 7 August 1690, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151– 1153, Somerset Heritage Centre.
153. Long, The History of Jamaica, Volume II, 446–447.
154. Minutes of Council of Barbadoes, 24 January 1693, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 5.
155. Craton, Testing the Chains, 122.
CHAPTER 5: NO PEACE BEYOND THE LINE
1. Little, The Buccaneer’s Realm, 61–64; Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, lxxxix.
2. Ritsema, Pirates and Privateers, 76–78; Marley, Wars of the Americas, Volume II, 298.
3. Pawson, Port Royal, 59.
4. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 6 July 1690, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 291–301.
5. Memorial of the Merchants Trading to Jamaica, 26 July 1689, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, pages 100–113.
6. Entries for Jamaican Council Minutes, September to December 1689, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692.
7. Francis Watson to Earl of Shrewsbury, 27 October 1689, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 153–171.
8. Blathwayt to the Treasury Lords, 6 August 1690, MSSBL 328, Huntington Library; Council of Jamaica to Lords of Trade and Plantations, 7 May 1690, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 255–263.
9. Minutes of Council of Jamaica, 24 June 1691, CO 140/5.
10. Minutes of Council of Jamaica, 12 December 1689, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 186–199.
11. Order for Captain Spragg, 22 February 1690, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 215–220.
12. Minutes of Council of Jamaica, 21 February 1690, CO 140/5.
13. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, 14 January 1690, CO 142/13, folio 134.
14. Minutes of Council of Jamaica, 21 February 1690, CO 140/5.
15. Blathwayt to the Treasury Lords, 6 August 1690, MSSBL 328, Huntington Library.
16. Reginald Wilson to William Blathwayt, Port Royal, 10 May 1690, Blathwayt papers, vol. 26, folder 2.
17. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 6 July 1690, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 291–301.
18. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 6 July 1690, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 291–301.
19. Buisseret (ed.), Jamaica in 1687, 250, 252, 282–284; Dunn, Sugar and Slaves, 184, footnote 50.
20. Buisseret (ed.), Jamaica in 1687, 250.
21. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6.
22. Minutes of Council of Jamaica, 15 October 1690, CO 140/5, folio 70.
23. Minutes of Council of Jamaica, 15 October 1690, CO 140/5, folio 70.
24. McCrady, The History of South Carolina, 259; Stoney, Plantations of the Carolina Low Country, 19–20.
25. Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, xxxii.
26. Will of Gabriel Pitt, PROB 11/409.
27. HMS Swan pay book, ADM 33/143.
28. Governor Lord Carlisle to Secretary Coventry, 4 December 1679, St. Jago de la Vega, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 10, 1677–1680, 448–462.
29. Council of Jamaica to Lords of Trade, 18 June 1692, CO 140/5, folios 209–210; http://www.thepeerage.com/p1441.htm.
30. Beasley, Christian Ritual, 38; Buisseret (ed.), Jamaica in 1687, 248.
31. Ship Arrivals Port Royal, 4 December 1690, CO142/13, folio 81.
32. Council Meeting Minutes, 16 December 1690, CO140/5, folio 71.
33. Simon Musgrave to William Blathwayt, August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
34. HMS Swan pay book, ADM 33/143.
35. Ship Arrivals Port Royal, 20 January 1691, CO142/13, folio 84.
36. Inchiquin’s Will, PROB 11/414; Pawson, Port Royal, 154–155.
37. Ship Arrivals Port Royal, 6 February 1691, CO142/13, folio 84.
38. Council Meeting Minutes, 9 February 1691, CO140/5, folio 74.
39. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, 23 February 1691, CO142/13, folios 84–85.
40. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=3249.
41. https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=5665.
42. List of Ships under Captain Wright’s Squadron, 1 March 1691, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 393–402.
43. Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 3 April 1691, Port Royal, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
44. Hardy, A Chronological List of the Captains, 11.
45. Council Meeting Minutes, 10 March 1691, CO140/5, folio 75.
46. Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 199–201.
47. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 67.
48. Council Meeting Minutes, 2 March 1691, CO140/5, folio 95.
49. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 67; List of Ships under Captain Wright’s Squadron, 1 March 1691; Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 393–402; HMS Swan pay book, ADM 33/143; Reginald Wilson to Blathwayt, 3 April 1691, Port Royal, quo
ted in Pawson, Port Royal; 69; Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 3 April 1691, Port Royal, Blathwayt Papers, vol. 22, folder 10; Peter Beckford to Blathwayt, 2 April 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 4; Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 12 August 1691, Port Royal, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
50. Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 3 April 1691, Port Royall, Blathwayt Papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
51. Council Meeting Minutes, CO140/5, folio 95–96.
52. HMS Guernsey Log, March 1691, ADM 52/38, folios 860–862.
53. HMS Guernsey Pay Roll, ADM 33/157.
54. HMS Guernsey log, 16 March 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 861; HMS Guernsey Pay Roll, ADM 33/157.
55. HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
56. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
57. Council Meeting Minutes, 20 March 1691, CO140/5, folio 77.
58. HMS Guernsey Log, 25 March 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 862.
59. HMS Guernsey Log, 25 March 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 862; Dunn, Sugar and Slaves, 181.
60. HMS Guernsey Log, 25 March 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 862.
61. HMS Guernsey Log, 2 April 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 863.
62. Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 5 April 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
63. HMS Guernsey Log, 2–5 April 1691, ADM 52/38, folios 863–864.
64. HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
65. HMS Guernsey Log, 9 April 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 864.
66. HMS Guernsey Log, 10–14 April 1691, ADM 52/38, folios 864–865.
67. Murray, An Encyclopedia of Geography, 1473.
68. HMS Guernsey Log, April 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 865.
69. HMS Guernsey Log, April 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 865; HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
70. HMS Guernsey Log, May 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 867.
71. HMS Guernsey Log, May 1691, ADM 52/38, folio 867.
72. Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 155.
73. HMS Guernsey Log, May 1691, ADM 52/38, folios 867–868.
74. Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 12 August 1691, Port Royal, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
75. Helyar letter, July 1691, Helyar Papers, Jamaican letters, 17th Century, DD/WHh/1151–1153; Somerset Heritage Centre, Walter Ruding to RAC, 3 June 1691, T70/12, folio 46.
76. Council Meeting Minutes, 21 April 1692, CO140/5, folio 161.
77. Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 12 August 1691, Port Royal, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
78. Simon Musgrave to Blathwayt, Port Royal, 31 January 1692, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
79. Codrington to Blathwayt, 3 June 1691, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 460–469; Codrington to Colonel Bayer, Antigua, 28 May 1691, 451–460.
80. Council Meeting Minutes, 29 May 1692, CO140/5.
81. HMS Guernsey Log, 8 June 1691, ADM 52/38.
CHAPTER 6: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE EARL OF INCHIQUIN
1. Buisseret, Jamaica in 1687, 251.
2. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 31 August 1690, CO 138/7, folios 1–6.
3. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
4. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 6 July 1690, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 291–301.
5. Long, History of Jamaica, Volume I, 56.
6. Long, History of Jamaica, Volume I, 57.
7. Cundall, Governors of Jamaica, 118–123.
8. Council Meeting Minutes, 9 June 1691, CO140/5, folios 87–88.
9. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
10. Council Meeting Minutes, 9 February 1691, CO140/5, folio 74.
11. Cook, Edmond Halley, 53, 59, 74, 81. In 1682 Halley first observed the comet which would later be given his name.
12. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
13. http://www.antonymaitland.com/jamgenrl.htm; Marley, Pirates of the Americas, Volume I, 166.
14. Council Meeting Minutes, 16 December 1690, CO140/5, folio 71
15. Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, lxxiv.
16. Inchiquin to Blathwayt, 12 August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 22, folder 10.
17. Cundall, Governors of Jamaica, 124–130.
18. Robertson, Gone Is the Ancient Glory, 24–29, 59–62; Beasley, Christian Ritual, 38–53.
19. Robertson, Gone is the Ancient Glory, 59–62.
20. Clarke, Proceedings and Reports of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, 157th–161st Sessions, 37–44.
21. Long, The History of Jamaica, Volume I, 54.
22. Simon Musgrave to William Blathwayt, August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
23. Council Meeting Minutes, 9 June 1691, CO140/5, folios 87–88.
24. Long, The History of Jamaica, Volume I, 54; Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
25. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
26. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
27. Account of the calling, proceedings and dissolution of the last Assembly of Jamaica, Various Authors, 28 January 1692, reproduced in Council Meeting Minutes, 28 January 1692, CO140/5, folios 126–128.
28. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.
29. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21; Account of the calling, proceedings and dissolution of the last Assembly of Jamaica, Various Authors, 28 January 1692, reproduced in Council Meeting Minutes, 28 January 1692, CO140/5, folios 126–128; Simon Musgrave to William Blathwayt, August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
30. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21; Account of the calling, proceedings and dissolution of the last Assembly of Jamaica, Various Authors, 28 January 1692, reproduced in Council Meeting Minutes, 28 January 1692, CO140/5, folios 126–128; Simon Musgrave to William Blathwayt, August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
31. Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21; Account of the calling, proceedings and dissolution of the last Assembly of Jamaica, Various Authors, 28 January 1692, reproduced in Council Meeting Minutes, 28 January 1692, CO140/5, folios 126–128; Simon Musgrave to William Blathwayt, August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
32. Francis Watson also dissolved the assembly. See Cundall, Governors of Jamaica, 124–130.
33. Simon Musgrave to Blathwayt, 18 August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1; 18 August 1691, Reginald Wilson to Blathwayt, Blathwayt papers, vol. 26, folder 3; 25/28 September 1691; Reginald Wilson to Blathwayt, Blathwayt papers, vol. 26, folder 3, Council Meeting Notes, 7 August 1691, CO140/5, folio 107; Brooks, Quest for Blackbeard, 214–215.
34. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, 95–101.
35. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 95.
36. Earle, Treasure Hunt, 61, 78.
37. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folios 91, 95, and 99.
38. Port Royal Inventories, Robert Scroope, entered February 1692/3, vol. 3, fol. 419; Ship Arrivals Port Royal, CO142/13, folios 95 and 100.
39. Council Meeting Notes, 7 August 1691, CO140/5, folio 107; HMS Guernsey Log, entry for 23 August 1691, ADM 52/38; Gaines’s ship is not to be mistaken for the Seahorse that had been in Port Royal in 1690 under Captain John How.
40. Marx, The History of Underwater Exploration, 18–23.
41. Phips was also rewarded with the governorship of Massachusetts. He arrived in 1692 at the time of the infamous Salem witch trials, a situation for which he proved ill suited. He died soon afterward.
42. Marx, The History of Underwater Exploration, 23–26. See also Earle, The Wreck of the Almiranta.
43. Marx, The History of Underwater Exploration, 8, 27.
44. Marx, The History of Underwater Exploration, 21.
45. Marx, The History of Underwater Expl
oration, 30–39.
46. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, 95–101.
47. Simon Musgrave to Blathwayt, 18 August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1; Reginald Wilson to Blathwayt, 18 August 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 26, folder 3.
48. HMS Guernsey Log, ADM 52/38, folio 865; HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
49. Ship Departures, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 143; Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 92.
50. HMS Guernsey Log, 27 September 1691, ADM 52/38; Ship Departures, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 143; Reginald Wilson to Blathwayt, 25–28 September 1691, Blathwayt papers, vol. 26, folder 3.
51. HMS Guernsey Log, 26–28 September 1691, ADM 52/38.
52. Beasley, Christian Ritual, 38.
53. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folios 97–98.
54. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folios 100–105.
55. RAC in-letter, Walter Ruding to RAC, 17 November 1691, T70/12, folio 47.
56. HMS Guernsey log, September to December 1691, ADM 52/38; HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
57. Philosophical Transactions, Volume 17 (1693), 89.
58. Council Meeting Notes, December 1691 to May 1692, CO 140/5.
59. George Reeve to Lord Sydney, 3 February 1692, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 597–605.
60. Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, cxxxiv, cxli.
61. George Reeve to Lord Sydney, 3 February 1692, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 597–605; Inchiquin’s Will, PROB 11/414; Cundall, The Governors of Jamaica, 128.
62. Samuel Bernard to the Earl of Nottingham, 18 April 1692, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 616–634.
63. Inchiquin’s Will, PROB 11/414.
64. Reginald Wilson to Blathwayt, 28 April 1692, Blathwayt papers, vol. 26, folder 3; Musgrave to Blathwayt, 31 January 1692, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1; George Reeve to Lord Sydney, 3 February 1692, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689– 1692, 597–605.
65. Account of the calling, proceedings and dissolution of the last Assembly of Jamaica, Various Authors, 28 January 1692, reproduced in Council Meeting Minutes, 28 January 1692, CO140/5, folios 126–128; Inchiquin to Lords of Trade, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21; Inchiquin to Earl of Nottingham, 12 August 1691, CO 137/7, folios 16–21.