Rosalind Franklin
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Crick, Odile 158, 185, 186, 268—9, 314
Croatian Chemical Society 237
Croatian Physical Society 237
Cromwell, Oliver 9
Curie, Marie 66, 92, 134
Curie, Pierre 92
crystallography 47, 56—7, 63, 87—8; conferences 147; disordered matter 87 —8, 303; Patterson function analysis 168—70; space groups 56, 57, 175, 188, 199; see also X-ray crystallography
Daily Telegraph 312
Dainton, Fred 63—4, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 77, 267
David, Elizabeth 139
Davidson, J.M. 201
Delbrück, Max 142, 158, 177, 224
Desmaroux, J. 110
Deuxième Sexe, Le (de Beauvoir) 101
De Valera, Eamon 122
Dickens, Charles 8—9
Dictionary of Scientific Biography 178
Dior, Christian 93
Disraeli, Benjamin 7, 8
DNA xix-xx, 119—24; ‘A’ and ‘B’ forms 153, 155, 162, 168, 176—9, 184— 5, 190, 192, 195, 199, 201, 317; Astbury’s model 120— i, 136, 143; Avery’s work on 120—2, 136; base pairs 202—4, 210, 350n; bases 120, 123, 182, 183, 190, 201, 202—3; Chargaff ratios 182, 183, 190, 196, 202; copying mechanism xix, 203 —4, 210, 212, 225; Crick and Watson’s work on xix-xx, 159—60, 164—5, 196—9, 201—5; crystalline 142; double helix structure xix, 190, 197, 199, 201, 203, 222, 313; Furberg’s model 136, 143; and genetic inheritance 136, 158; Gosling’s X-ray pictures of 129—30; helical structure 130, 143, 149, 151—2, 157, 159, 162—3, 164, 170, 176, 178—9, 182, 184—5, 193, 199, 326; importance of 200; keto and enol 201, 202, 204; King’s colloquium on 162—3; model-building 159, 161–2, 164–5, 170, 177, 186, 189, 190, 197—8; Pauling-Corey paper on 188, 190—2; reversible hydration of 144, 145; RF’s X-ray work on xix, 143—5, 153—5, 168—70, 177—88 183—5, 188, 195—9, 247, 308, 316; scepticism over Crick-Watson model 224; sources and preparation of 156—7; space group 175, 188, 199, 202, 224; Wilkins’ work on xx, 114, 129—30, 141—2, 149, 152—5; X-ray photographs of 142, 151, 156, 178, 196—7, 34on
Donohue, Jerry 186, 201, 202, 204, 209
Doty, Paul 156
Double Helix, The (Watson) 160fn, 196, 204, 311 —15; epilogue 312; moral dilemma of 314—18; portrayal of RF xx, 163, 190, 193—4, 277, 311 —12, 317 —18; reviews 313
Douglas, Margaret 28
Dublin 122, 145
Dulbecco, Renato 277
Dunitz, Jack 175fn
Dyche, Peggy (nee Clark) 49, 64, 300, 305—7
Eady, Wilfred 38
Ecole de Physique et Chimie, Paris 92, 103
Economist 99
Edward VIII, King 34—5
Ehrenberg, Werner 130, 298; Ehrenberg-Spear X-ray tube 130, 143, 219
Einstein, Albert 32
Eisenstadter, Evi, see Ellis, E.
Eliot, T.S. 10—11
Elizabeth, the Queen Mother 21
Ellis, Evi 39, 78, 80, 113, 260—1
Ellis family 244
Ellmann, Mary 313
Endowed Schools Act (1869) 31
English Heritage 322
Fabian Society 229
Fankuchen, Isidore 220, 229, 243
Faraday, Michael 132
Faraday Society III, 304
Fell, Honor 133, 160
Ferry, Georgina 160
Festival of Britain 149
Finch, John 254, 255, 267, 292, 299, 307, 324
Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz 274, 281
France 40—1, 84, 98, 100, 150—1, 260
Franklin, Abraham 3 Franklin, Agnes (nee Foley, RF’s aunt) 51
Franklin, Alice (RF’s aunt) 19, 28—9, 40, 54, 140, 287, 300, 305, 309
Franklin, Arthur Ellis (RF’s grandfather) 39; author of family history 6; death 51; foreign travel 18—19; gravestone 307; religious orthodoxy 19, 27, 32, 45, 51—2; RF’s letters to 35—7; wealth of 18; as widower 40; will of 52
Franklin, Benjamin Wolf 3
Franklin, Caroline (nee Jacob, RF’s grandmother) 15, 19, 307
Franklin, Cecil (‘Jack’, RF’s uncle) 27, 51
Franklin, Charlotte (nee Hanjal-Konyi, RF’s sister-in-law) 106, 115, 154, 311
Franklin, Colin (RF’s brother) 15, 17, 28, 98, 111, 115; education 43; on family holidays 37; marriage 106—7; military service 80; publishing career 107, 271; reaction to Watson’s book 311; on RF’s relations with Mering 97fn; and RF 94, 102—3, 115, 154—5, 238, 242, 301; and Rosalind Franklin Bequest 321fn
Franklin, David (RF’s brother) 13, 15, 17, 18, 52; career 271; education 22; marriage 97, 106; military service 54
Franklin , Ellis (RF’s father) 5, 13, 305; attitude to Judaism 5, 32, 81, 107; attitude to war 58—9, 62, 71; business career 13, 271; charity work 20; and childrens’ education 43, 54, 74; family life 13—15, 19, 27, 54; financial situation 18; foreign travel 18—19, 37, 54; honours 81; married life 33; personality 13, 73; political views 34, 50, 126; refugee relief work 38—9; and RF’s career 319; and RF’s illness 301; RF’s relations with 73, 80, 94, 96, 126, 139; schooldays 31 ; science teaching 20; wit 38
Franklin, Ellis A. (RF’s great-grandfather) 4, 31
Franklin, Hugh (RF’s uncle) 28, 51—2
Franklin, Irene, see Neuner, I.
Frankin, Jenifer, see Glynn, J.
Franklin, Lewis 3
Franklin, Muriel (nee Waley, RF’s mother) 5, 13, 16—17, 54; and Mering 97; personality 34; reaction to Watson’s book 312; refugee relief work 38, 60; and RF’s cancer 285, 287–8, 300–1, 305; and RF’s career 164; RF’s relations with 34, 94, 288; on RF’s schooldays 22; on RF’s teasing streak 17—18; visits Birkbeck 310
Franklin, Nina (RF’s sister-in-law) 300
Franklin, Richard 297
Franklin, Roland (Roly, RF’s brother) 17, 20, 28, 40, 64, 97; career 271; in Corsica 103; marriage 106; on RF’s relations with Mering 97fn; RF stays with 300—1
Franklin, Rosalind Elsie
PERSONAL LIFE: academic ability 15, 30, 41, 53—4, 60, 68, 102, 169—70; appearance 32, 40, 65, 73, 94, 97, 103, 129, 135, 163, 255, 306; attitude to war 49, 58—9, 67, 70, 74, 81, 99, 112; birth 7; childhood 14, 16—18, 21; death xx, 307—8, 311; dress sense 21, 93—4, 103, 104, 106, 150, 163, 312, 349n; as Europhile 99, 113, 115, 126, 171; family background 3—8, 46; family life 37; as feminist icon xx, 313—14, 326; financial situation 76, 90—1, 139, 233—5, 257, 263—4, 289, 301, 302; fondness for children 152, 227, 260—1, 280, 290, 301; foreign travel 19, 37, 40, 54, 84, 179, 237—47, 273—84, 291; friendships 26—8, 49, 70, 73, 79, 95, 103, 110, 137, 150, 288; health 22, 80, 180, 187, 271, 279, 284—7, 289, 292—3, 297, 299—302, 305—7, 320; holidays 52—3, 62, 79, 97—8, 102—3, 106, 110, 112, 150—I, 176, 180—I, 226—9, 260, 297, 304; homes 13, 71, 75, 78 80, 90, 108—9, 126, 138—9, 223, 302; honours 322 —3; as hostess 139—40; Jewishness xx-xxi, 12, 23, 31, 45, 61, 95—6, 99, 107, 172—3, 227—8, 320; love of outdoor pursuits 34, 37, 62, 80, 84, 94, 97—8, 106, 176, 180, 237, 277—8; at Newnham 42, 45—51, 53—6, 62—4, 67—9, 97; nickname 160, 256, 288; in Paris 87—95, 98—9, 101, 103—5, 107, 108—9, III—12, 115, 168; pastimes and interests 30, 32, 48—9, 58, 71—2, 139; politics 49—50, 58, 73, 92, 99, 126, 135, 235, 257, 268, 289; refugee work 51, 60; relations with family 315, 319; relations with men 34, 62, 64, 69, 80, 84— 5, 95—7, 102—3, 107, 112, 147, 228, 260—I, 274—5, 280—I, 283, 286—7, 297; religious views 60—I; schooldays 15—16, I —6, 28—33, 39, 90; unhappiness at King’s 138, 155, 160—I, 171—4, 176—7, 319; as upper class 126—7; war work 77—9; will 301
PERSONALITY 27, 81; abruptness 85, 256, 306; anger 173—4, 194; claustrophobia 71, 79, 95; confrontational manner xx, 72—3, 92—3, 95, 146, 151; conversational awkwardness 129, 255, 256—7, 287; difficult character 18, 28, 135, 255, 267, 306; dual nature of 139—40, 151, 277; emotional immaturity 33, 69, 80, 96—7, 228, 261; fun-loving 17—18, 277, 280, 322; honesty 64; hostile indifference 28—9; innocence 34; jealousy 103; kindness 151, 174, 223; melancholy 159; modesty 309; overs
ensitivity 319; puritanism 96, 246, 256; reserve 34, 37, 49, 64, 85, 113, 126, 256, 288, 301; self-confidence 85, 135; self-denial 71, 84, 91, 102, 139; shyness 256, 288
AS SCIENTIST xx, 308—9, 318—20, 322; academic status 235—6, 256—7, 263—4, 302; attitude to model-building 161, 184; carbon/graphite research 87—9, 105, 109—10, 115, 222, 243, 308; coal research 77—9, 83—4, 87, 180, 231, 237, 256, 318; collaborators 249—50, 254, 258; at conferences 147—9, 162—4, 233, 238, 267—8, 271, 273—4, 297, 304; Crick’s correspondence with 223—4; Crick-Watson’s debt to 196–7, 199, 210, 212, 223, 241, 247, 309, 313, 315–17, 320–1,323, 346n, 350n; critique of DNA models 164—5, 200, 223; delays publication of results 178—9; DNA research xix-xx, 130, 137—8, 143—5, 153—5, 157, 161— 3, 168—71, 175—6, 177—9, 183—5, 188, 190—I, 195—8, 201—2, 211, 221, 222, 308—9, 326; doctorate in physical chemistry 82, 83; early interest in science 23; as experimentalist 95, 143— 4, 217, 255, 318; King’s leaving seminar 192; lack of imagination/insight 202, 249, 318—19, 322; lectures 174, 222, 234, 237, 241, 242, 246; on meaning of science 60—I; ‘molecular sieves’ hypothesis 83—4; Photograph 51 of ‘B’ form DNA 178, 192, 196—8, 201, 212, 247, 316; polio virus research 297, 298—9, 303—4, 306, 309; published papers 83, 100, 105—6, 110, 130—I, 145, 168, 184, 187, 195, 199, 205—6, 208, 210—II, 222, 223, 245, 250, 267, 269, 292, 295—6, 303, 307– 8,327; and radiation risk 101, 144, 320; reputation xx, 79, 104, 109, 131, 179, 243, 247, 267, 274, 308—9, 321– 2,327; research post in Physical Chemistry Laboratory 70, 72, 73—4, 77; RNA research 222; sixth-form studies 32 —3, 41; technical expertise 101, 130, 143—4, 160, 168, 175, 221; TMV model 275, 293—5, 300, 309, 322; TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) research 229, 231, 234, 241, 246, 249, 251—5, 258—61, 269—70, 285, 303, 308– 9,318; university studies 46—8, 53—7, 63, 68; Virus Research Project at Birkbeck 254—7, 262, 263, 265, 267, 269, 290, 293, 296, 304—5, 309, 324
Franklin, Sarah (née Israel) 3
Franklin, Ursula (RF’s cousin) 26, 27, 34, 62, 71, 97, 140, 279, 302
Franklin family 3—7, 271, 320
Franklin Family and Collaterals, The (A.E. Franklin) 6
Fraser, Bruce 157, 161 —2, 208—9, 351n
Fraser, Mary 157, 162
Freud, Sigmund 38
Friedlander, Marianne 137, 172
Frisch, Otto 83
Furberg, Sven 136, 143, 149, 162, 226
‘Future of Palestine, The’ (Samuel) 7—8
Gale, Arthur 210
Galton, David 300
Gamow, George 243, 274
Garrod, Dorothy 48
Gaulle, Charles de 65, 66, 92, 99
General Electric Company 131, 137
genetics 119—31, 142; chromosomes 56, 119, 123; copying mechanism xix, 203—4, 210, 212; protein 119—20, 136; structure of gene 142; X-ray crystallography and 158; see also DNA
Geneva 297
George V, King 34
George VI, King 42, 170; coronation of 35—7
German/Jewish Refugee Committee 38
Ginoza, Willam 276, 277
Glaeser, Rachel 102—3, 110
Glynn, Jenifer (neée Franklin, RF’s sister) 80, 82; birth 21; childhood 39, 40, 54; education 43; holiday with RF 297—8; marriage 107; on RF’s attitude to Judaism 61; on RF’s personality 172; on RF’s relations with Mering 97fn; and Rosalind Franklin Bequest 321fn; visits RF 75, 94; work 271
Gollancz, Livia (RF’s cousin) 26
Goodfield, June 283
Gordon Research Conferences 152; on coal 233, 238; on nucleic acid 270, 271, 274—5
Gosling, Raymond 137, 225; feelings for RF 321; Franklin-Gosling Nature papers 208, 210—12, 222; and Franklin-Wilkins feud 140, 146, 155—6; reaction to Cavendish’s victory 209; on RF 129, 165; as RF’s assistant 129, 143—4, 154, 168—70, 175, 177, 178, 183—5, 195, 206, 325; and RF’s departure from King’s 187; on RF’s reaction to Crick-Watson model 211; shows DNA Photo 51 to
Gosling, Raymond — cont. Wilkins 196, 316; thesis supervised by RF 155, 187, 196, 213, 221; work with Wilkins 114, 129; X-ray pictures of DNA 130
Grdenic, Drago 180, 267
Grenoble 88
Griffith, Frederick 121
Griffiths, Ada (Nannie) 16–17, 26, 54, 62, 82, 107, 231, 244, 300, 301, 318
Hahn, Otto 83
Haldane, J.B.S. 45, 47, 225
Hanjal-Konyi, Charlotte, see Franklin, C.
Hanson, Jean 126, 133
Harker, David 241, 317
Hartog, Roger 46
Harvard University 134, 262, 311, 316
Harvard University Press 311, 312
Heller, Louise 114, 129, 134, 140, 144, 172
Hemily, Marion 109
Hemily, Philip 109, 147
Hess, Rudolf 67
Hewish, Antony 325
Himsworth, Harold 303
Hitler, Adolf 38, 42, 50, 51, 54
Hodgkin, Dorothy 147, 177; and Bernal 218, 220; biography of 160; condones RF’s approach 178—9; Nobel prize 324–5; queen of Patterson function 169; and RF’s DNA photographs 175
Holmes, Kenneth 320, 324; papers 267, 269, 292, 295—6; relations with RF 255, 305, 307, 321; on RF’s personality 255, 256; work with RF 254—5
Holmes, Mary (nee Scurby) 255, 305
Holst, Gustav 30
Home Office 38, 50, 73, 81
Horizon (BBC TV) 322
Housman, Lawrence 49
‘How to Live with a Golden Helix’ (Crick) 318—19
Hungary 289
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) 108, 110
Institut Pasteur, Paris 224
Institute of Physics 267
International Congress of Crystallography 147, 237
International Union of Crystallography symposium 268
International X-ray Tables 175
‘Interpretation of Diffuse X-ray Diagrams of Carbon’ (RF) 105
isomorphous replacement technique 259, 270, 295
Israel 226—9 Italy 106, 110, 297
Ivanhoe (Scott) 10, 173
Jacob, Francois 147, 224, 250
Jacobson, Dan 266, 301
Janeway, Elizabeth 314
Jerusalem 7
Jewish Chronicle 38
Jewish Relief Act (1858) 331
Jews: Anglo-Jewry 8—9, 31, 271, 320; anti-semitism 8—11, 49, 50; cancer amongst 320, 35m; European 38, 50, 81; internment 63; Israeli orthodox 227; and Palestine 7—8; refugees 38, 50—1; RF’s family background 3—7, 12
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 273
Johnson, Samuel 133
Joseph, Catherine (RF’s second cousin) 26, 52, 260
Journal of Experimental Medicine 121
Judson, Horace Freeland 202, 318
Julius, Anthony 11
Kalckar, Herman 142
Kegan Paul 4
Kendrew, John 149, 164, 186, 205, 268, 303
Kerlogue, Jean (nee Kerslake) 287; family of 260; holidays with RF 79—80, 84; relations with men 34, 80; on RF’s attitude to men 84—5; schooldays 28, 40; social life 34, 64; visits RF 26—7, 94, 260; war work 70
Keynes, John Maynard 91
Keyser’s bank 4, 13, 15, 18, 38, 81, 128, 271
Keyser Ullmann 271
Khrushchev, Nikita 289
King, Mrs 239
King’s College London 106, 108, 112, 125, 181; Biophysics Unit xix, 12, 125, 128–36, 149, 152–6, 157, 160–2, 166, 187, 209; DNA colloquium 162–4; DNA research 114, 129–30, 141, 157, 159, 161–2, 165, 176–7, 181, 188, 196, 207–8, 210, 314, 316–17, 324; Franklin-Wilkins Building 323; Jews in 172–3; MRC committee visit 187–8, 198–9; religious foundation 127; research at ill; RF’s appointment 110–11, 113; RF’s departure 183, 187, 192, 206, 232; RF joins 126–7, 137–8; scientific tradition 127; Wheatstone Physics Laboratory 181 ; women in 127-8, 133-4
Kingston-upon-Thames 77, 80
Kinsey Report 101
Klug, Aaron 268, 310, 312, 321; academic status 265, 266; personality 254; autobiography 249; b
ackground 250; beneficiary under RF’s will 301, 326, 351n; close relations with RF 261, 266–7, 273; collaboration with RF 249–50, 254–5, 262, 267, 290, 292, 295, 299, 303–4; defence of RF 325–6; head of Virus Research Project 324; Nobel prize 249, 325; Nuffield funding 263; on RF’s DNA work 190, 201–2, 249;on RF’s personality 322; on RF’s Photo 51 of DNA 340n; on RF’s relations with Crick 254; scientific career 326
Klug, Liebe 250, 261
Kohlberg, Lawrence 317
Kranjc, Katarina 180
Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de l’Etat 87–8, 100, 101, 109–10
Labour Monthly 313
Lederberg, Joshua 282
Lederberg, Seymour 282
Lenton, Stan 257
Lindores School for Young Ladies, Bexhill 22
Linken, Dr 271, 284, 285
Lipson, Henry: Beevers-Lipson strips 169, 222
Little family 239
Liverpool 4
Livingstone, Mair 261, 283, 284, 297, 301
Lloyd George, David 7, 10
Lockwood, John F. 219, 298
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 298
Lonsdale, Kathleen 82, 175
Los Angeles, UCLA 245–6, 276
Lowe, Rabbi, of Prague 6
Lowy, Jack 172
Lucky Jim (Amis) 315
Luria, Salvador 142
Luzzati, Denise 103, 110, 231, 261
Luzzati, Vittorio 105, 138, 256, 302; attends RF’s funeral 307; at Labo Central 109, 168; relations with RF 95, 147; RF holidays with 110, iii, 112; RF visits 231, 291
Luzzati family 297–8
Lyons 104
McCarty, Maclyn 122
Mackay, Alan 267
MacLeod, Colin 122
Madrid 268
Maire, Jacques 101
Manchester Grammar School 31
Man’s World, Women’s Place (Janeway) 314
Marine Biological Laboratory, Wood’s Hole 239, 275