Icebound
Page 28
reindeer bridles, 76
reindeer herders, 47, 55–56, 67, 78, 80, 82–84, 130, 131
Rembrandt, 2
Riffenburgh, Beau, 222
Rijp, Jan Cornelis, 68, 97, 99, 131, 260 Barents’s relationship with, 100–103, 109–10, 221
in meeting with Nova Zembla survivors, 257–59
rock crystals, 58, 87
Roman Catholic Church, 4, 174
Roman writers, 13
Rotterdam, 11, 66, 91, 96
rowboat, 91, 103–4, 105, 106, 120, 122, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210 in escape from Nova Zembla, 228, 231–32, 243, 244–45, 248–49, 250–51, 253, 255–56, 258–59
Rushdie, Salman, 261
Russia, 1, 6, 20, 21, 24, 31, 49, 84, 221 coast of, 226, 245
Norwegian border with, 28
trade between Netherlands and, 21
Russian language, 28, 55, 61
Russians, 29, 31–33, 36, 39, 47–52, 55, 56, 57, 67, 77, 79–80, 217, 240–41, 244–45, 247–53, 255–58
Safe House (Nova Zembla wooden cabin), 132, 135–38, 140–41, 147–69, 171–73, 260 abandonment of, 213–14, 216
deaths at, 183–84
discovery of remains of, 213
holiday celebrations at, 171, 174–75, 177, 179
Salutation, The (ship), 125, 148
Sami people, 13, 31–32, 47, 56, 128, 131, 252, 255, 257
sandbars, 60
saw, windmill-driven, 9
Scandinavia, 10, 16, 217, 259 coastal tribes of, 13
scientific method, 107
Scotland, 261
Scott, Robert, 223
screw-pumps, 62
scurvy, 159–61, 165, 181, 183, 219 cause and treatment of, 25, 160–61, 214, 241, 243, 255
symptoms of, 93, 159, 244
scute, 143, 201–2, 205–6, 207, 208, 209 in escape from Nova Zembla, 228, 229, 231–33, 235, 243, 244–45, 247–48, 249, 250, 251, 252–53, 255–56, 258–59
Sea Beggars, 11
sea birds, 52, 61
seagulls, 52, 103, 104 eggs of, 103
seals, 48, 141, 203
Seine River, 13
Sephardic Jews, 5
Shackleton, Ernest, 44
shipbuilding, 2, 7–10, 98
ships ballast on, 91, 105
bomb, 126
bunk beds on, 98
captain’s quarters on, 98
cargo carried on, 68, 75, 97, 98, 132, 150
collision between, 89
cook’s stoves on, 98, 134
damaged, 70–73, 95, 97, 136
danger of underwater blockage to, 91, 95
fire on board, 93
food and drink carried on, 133, 139, 140–41, 143
hulls of, 117, 123, 126
libraries aboard, 126, 130
listing of, 123, 142
main decks of, 98
open toilets on, 98
orlop decks of, 29, 98
poop decks of, 138
portholes of, 98
rescue, 125–26
running aground of, 131
sails and masts of, 53, 59, 60, 71, 74, 84, 85, 98, 120–21, 123, 213, 243
steam-powered, 126
tillers and rudders of, 119–20, 122
vanishing of, 125–28
whaling, 44
yachts carried on, 68, 76, 78–80, 82, 84, 87, 88, 92, 94
ship’s biscuits, 133, 155, 182 see also bread
ship’s clock, 151, 161–62
shipwrecks, 127
Siberia, 67, 138
Siberians, 13
skis, 128
slate, 152
slavery, 2, 56, 220
sleds, 55, 76, 77, 83, 130, 134, 135, 143–45, 165–66 aluminum, 129
smallpox, 204, 205
smoke, 139, 149
snow, 58, 92, 93, 113, 122, 132, 133, 137, 138, 152, 161, 192, 206 driving, 115, 134, 143
melting, 54, 156, 157, 214
mountains of, 103
piling up of, 143, 158, 167, 168–69, 174, 187, 189, 201, 234
shoveling of, 140, 165, 167, 168
snowshoes, 128
South America, 19, 45
South Pole, 16
Spain, 11, 23 exploratory voyages sponsored by, 18
in 1594 war with Netherlands, 1, 2, 3, 4–5, 33
Spanish Fury, 4, 11
Spice Islands, search for a southern route to, 45
spices, 2, 219
Spitsbergen, 129, 131, 226, 257, 260, 261 coast of, 105
map of, 102
Ny-Ålesund harbor at, 149
spoonwort, 243–44
Stappane, 31
stars, 167, 224
States Island, 58, 85–86, 88–90
steam engines, 126, 130
storms, 53, 54, 57, 62, 69–71, 78, 81–82, 84, 91, 92–93, 108, 119–20, 122 in escape from Nova Zembla, 243, 248, 256
at Nova Zembla, 137, 140, 152, 158, 159, 166–67, 168, 190–91, 197–98
Strait of Gibraltar, 3, 12
Strait of Nassau, 53
summer solstice, 101, 110
sun, 15, 29, 47, 58, 73 blocking of, 51
dimming of, 134
gazing at, 35, 224
midnight, 12, 32, 99, 184–86, 214
parhelia phenomenon of, 99–100
positions of, 17, 18, 37, 41, 42, 52, 75, 104, 107, 134–35, 167
rising and setting of, 52, 152, 251
sun dogs, 99
sunstones, 15
superstition, 99–100, 106, 167
swallows, 52
Swan River, 59
swans, 49, 61, 101
Swedish tribe, 13
Swift, Jonathan, 261
Tables of Toledo, 17
tapeworms, 167
Taqulittuq, 175–76
tarpaulins, 115, 207, 216
Tartary Coast, 67
Taurus constellation, 180
telescopes, 25, 107
Terror, The (ship), 126
Terschelling Island, 218
Texel Island, 28, 63, 69, 70, 73
thirst, 127, 227
Thorne, Robert, 19
Thule, 12–13, 149, 156
tides, 13, 98, 130
tinderboxes, 125
Tollens, Hendrik, 221
treadmills, 62
trees, 132, 135, 246
trigonometry, 17, 18
Trondheim, 31
Tropic of Cancer, 17
Tropic of Capricorn, 17
trumpets, 57, 83
Twelfth Night, 174, 175, 177, 250
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Verne), 261
Ukraine, 13
unconsciousness, 164, 217
urit frigus (the cold burns), 58
Ursa Minor, 17
Vaigach Island, 21, 22, 24, 33, 48–53, 55, 73–77, 79, 82, 91, 94, 100–101, 226, 243, 276 coast of, 51–53, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 67, 76, 80, 96
north shore of, 53, 55
safe harbor on, 58
southern part of, 55, 75
vegetation on, 52
Vaigach Strait, 21, 22, 24, 50, 52, 55, 56, 57, 62, 63, 66, 75, 78–80, 84, 240 map of, 72
Valentyn, Mr., 100
Veer, Gerrit de: on Barents as expedition leader, 224
and death of Barents, 217
in escape from Nova Zembla, 213–17, 226, 228, 239–48, 252–53
expedition journals of, 68, 82, 90, 106, 124, 132, 154, 158, 171, 186, 203, 213, 262–63, 269
illness of, 252
and near-disaster from cabin smoke, 163
polar bear attacks and, 144, 208, 223
in second Arctic expedition, 68, 82, 90, 180
and sun’s reappearance, 182–83, 185
vegetables, 133
Vermeer, Johannes, 2
Verne, Jules, 261
Victoria Strait, 126
Vikings, 35, 128 clinker-style shipbuilding of, 14
Danish, 13
as navigators, 14–16
northern exploration of, 13�
��16
settlements of, 14, 16
vitamin C (ascorbic acid), 159, 160, 214, 243
Vilgerdarson, Flóki, 15
Vlie barrier islands, 98–99
Vlieland, 63
Vos, Hans, 132, 153
walruses, 43–44, 45–47, 50, 52, 57–58, 238 carcasses of, 54, 65, 246
skins of, 76, 79
tusks of, 43–44, 57–58, 107
Wardhuys, 62, 92, 253, 255, 259
Warm Sea, 50
water desalinization of, 126, 127
fresh, 124, 214
weather conditions, 40–41, 53, 54, 57, 61, 62, 69–71, 75, 77–79, 81–82, 85, 87, 94, 101, 115, 119, 123, 134, 135, 139, 172, 186–87, 246–47
Wellman, Walter, 129
Werf, Siebren van der, 165
whale oil, 76, 77, 241–42
whales, 15, 50, 59, 70, 85 dead, 91, 95, 104
hunting for, 128
jawbones of, 95
whaling ships, 44
White Sea, 32, 73, 79, 245, 247–48, 250, 251
whiting, 61
Wildeman, Diederick, 3, 224
William I, Prince of Orange, 4, 37, 43 assassination of, 11
piracy authorized by, 11
Williams Island, 37, 39
Willoughby, Hugh, 221
wind, 40, 41–42, 43, 44, 52, 59–62, 69–71, 84–85, 91, 98, 104, 105, 109, 112, 115, 118, 123 in escape from Nova Zembla, 213, 227–29, 235, 238–39, 246, 248–51, 255, 258
at Nova Zembla, 126, 130, 136, 143, 162, 172–73, 189, 193, 201, 207–8
wine, 133, 139, 171, 177, 211, 257
winter clothes, 93, 134
wolves, 31
wooden idols, 53–54, 55, 58, 75, 77, 80, 83
woodworking skills, 132
yachts, 97 carried on ships, 68, 76, 78–80, 82, 84, 87, 88, 92, 94
yellow fever, 204, 205
Young Men’s Christian Union of Cincinnati, 176
Zacuto, Abraham, 17
Zhukov Island, 13
Zuiderzee, 7, 10, 37, 63, 218, 259
Zutphen, 4
Zwaan (Swan; ship), 10, 24, 28, 33, 45, 48, 49, 54, 61, 63, 67
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