41 Ibid., p. 250
42 Gordon Brown, Maxton, p. 83
43 Ibid.
44 John Leopold, ‘Forty Hours Strike’, in Laurie Flynn (ed.), We Shall Be All: Recent Chapters in the History of Working Class Struggle in Scotland, Bookmarks, 1978, pp. 34–35
45 Ibid., p. 36
46 Ibid., p. 37
47 Ibid.
48 Ibid., pp. 37–38
49 Ibid., p. 39
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid., p. 40
52 John Foster, ‘Strike Action and Working Class Politics on Clydeside 1914–1919’, International Review of Social History 35:1, (1990) p. 55
53 R. A. Leeson, Strike: A Live History 1887–1971, George Allen and Unwin, 1973, p. 61
54 Iain McLean, The Legend of Red Clydeside, p. 133
55 Ibid., p. 125
56 J. T. Murphy, Preparing for Power, Pluto Press, 1972, pp. 176–77
57 William Gallacher, Revolt on the Clyde, p. 220
58 Nan Milton (ed.), John Maclean: In the Rapids of Revolution, Allison and Busby, 1978, p. 14
59 Ibid., p. 77
60 Nan Milton, John Maclean, Pluto Press, 1973, p. 99
61 B. J. Ripley and J. McHugh, John Maclean, Manchester University Press, 1989, p. 106
62 Nan Milton (ed.), John Maclean: In the Rapids of Revolution, p. 101
63 Nan Milton, John Maclean, p. 180
64 Tom Gallagher, Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace, Manchester University Press, 1987, p. 88; and Nan Milton, John Maclean, p. 203
65 Nan Milton, John Maclean, p. 238
66 Nan Milton (ed.), John Maclean: In the Rapids of Revolution, p. 178
67 Ibid., p. 233
68 Ibid., p. 225
69 Ibid., pp. 247–48
70 Ibid., p. 234
71 Ibid., p. 253
10. The 1920s: Economic Decline and General Strike
1 Michael S. Moss and John R. Hume, Shipbuilders to the World: 125 Years of Harland and Wolff, Belfast 1861–1986, Blackstaff Press, 1986, p. 192
2 C. E. V. Leser, ‘Manufacturing Industry’, in Alec Cairncross (ed.), The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life, Cambridge University Press, 1954, p. 121
3 Marjory Harper, Emigration from Scotland between the Wars: Opportunity or Exile? Manchester University Press, 1998, pp. 10–11
4 ‘Tarbrax Village’, Museum of the Scottish Shale Industry, scottishshale.co.uk/GazVillages/TarbraxVillage.html, accessed 14 May 2013
5 Michael Anderson, ‘The Demographic Factor’, in T. M. Devine and Jenny Wormald (eds), The Oxford History of Modern Scotland, Oxford University Press, 2012, p. 52
6 T. C. Smout, ‘Scotland 1850–1950’, in Francis Michael Longsteth Thompson, The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950, Cambridge University press, 1993, p. 260
7 T. C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People 1830–1950, pp. 75–76
8 Roger Hutchison, The Soap Man: Lewis, Harris and Lord Leverhulme, Berlinn, 2003, p. 126
9 James Hunter, The Making of the Crofting Community, John Donald, 2006, p. 272
10 Paul Richard Thompson, Tony Walley and Trevor Lums, Living the Fishing, Routledge, 1983, p. 305
11 Ibid., p. 306
12 Marjory Harper, ‘Crofter Colonists in Western Canada’, in Philip Buckner and R. Douglas Francis (eds), Canada and the British World: Culture, Migration and Identity, University of British Columbia Press, 2006, pp. 198–205
13 William Kenefick, Red Scotland! The Rise and Fall of the Radical Left, 1872 to 1932, Edinburgh University Press, 2007, p. 133
14 Christopher Harvie, ‘Before the Breakthrough, 1886–1922’, p. 24
15 Ibid., p. 25
16 Ibid., pp. 27–28
17 Ibid., p. 26
18 William Knox, ‘“Ours Is Not an Ordinary Parliamentary Movement”: 1922–1926’, in Alan McKinlay and R. J. Morris (eds), The ILP on Clydeside 1893–1932: From Foundation to Disintegration, Manchester University Press, 1991, p. 154
19 Ibid., p. 159
20 Gordon Brown, Maxton, pp. 145–46
21 William Knox, ‘“Ours Is Not an Ordinary Parliamentary Movement”: 1922–1926’, p. 159
22 Ibid., p. 161
23 Gordon Brown, Maxton, p. 154
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., p. 161
26 J. J. Smyth, Labour in Glasgow 1996–1936: Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism, Tuckwell Press, 2000, pp. 109–10 and 185–87
27 Annemarie Hughes, Gender and Political Identities in Scotland 1919–1939, Edinburgh University Press, 2010, p. 123
28 Gordon Brown, Maxton, p. 101
29 Tom Gallagher, Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace, pp. 88–89
30 Ibid., p. 90
31 Máirtín Ó Catháin, ‘“A Winnowing Spirit”: Sinn Fein in Scotland, 1905–38’, academia.edu/4725333/A_Winnowing_Spirit_Sinn_Fein_in_Scotland_1905–38, accessed 13 October 2013
32 Tom Gallagher, Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace, p. 91
33 ‘Folk Singer Reader’s Relative Ferried Arms for IRA’, Belfast Newsletter, 1 October 2013, accessed 15 October 2013
34 Tom Gallagher, Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace, p. 91
35 Bill Kelly, Sworn to be Free: The Complete Book of IRA Jailbreaks 1918–1921, Anvil Books, 1971, pp. 126–28
36 Tom Gallagher, Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace, pp. 95–96
37 Ibid., p. 94
38 Catriona Burness, The Making of Scottish Unionism 1886–1914, Routledge, 2002, p. 31
39 Colin Kidd, Union and Unionism: Political Thought in Scotland, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 15
40 Callum G. Brown, Religion and Society in Scotland Since 1707, Edinburgh University Press, 1997, p. 141
41 Stewart J. Brown, ‘Presbyterians and Catholics in Twentieth Century Scotland’, in Stewart J. Brown, George M. Newlands and Alexander C. Cheyne (eds), Scottish Christianity in the Modern World: In Honour of A. C. Cheyne, T. and T. Clark, 2001, p. 265
42 Ibid.
43 Ibid., p. 268
44 Séan Damer, ‘“The Clyde Rent War!” The Clydebank Rent Strike of the 1920s’, in Gerry Mooney (ed.), Class Struggle and Social Welfare, Routledge, 2000, p. 76
45 ‘Jane Rae’, west-dunbarton.gov.uk/tourism-and-visitor-attractions/museums-and-galleries/collections/people-and-personalities/people-and-personalities-clydebank/individuals-clydebank/jane-rae/, accessed 18 September 2012
46 ‘Jenny Hislop’, grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=293:jenny-hyslop-&catid=8:h&itemid=109, accessed 18 September 2012
47 Bert Moorhouse, Mary Wilson and Chris Chamberlain, ‘Rent Strikes, Direct Action and the Working Class’, in Ralph Miliband and John Saville (eds), Socialist Register 1972, Merlin, 1972, p. 137
48 Ibid.
49 Glasgow Herald, 14 July 1924
50 Barrier Miner, 31 December 1924
51 Barrier Miner, 5 February 1925
52 Independent, 14 August 1992, accessed 24 September
53 Jock Kane with Betty Kane, ‘No wonder we were all rebels – an oral history’, grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=697&itemid=63, accessed 24 September 2012
54 Roy A. Church and Quentin Outram, Strikes and Solidarity: Coalfield Conflict in Britain, 1889–1966, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 81
55 Mary Docherty, A Miner’s Lass, Lancashire Community Press, 1992, p. 35
56 Ibid., p. 37
57 Independent, 14 August 1992
58 ‘Perthshire and the 1926 General Strike’, Alternative Perthshire, accessed 13 May 2013
59 Ibid.
60 Laurie Flynn, ‘The People’s Republic’, in Laurie Flynn (ed.), We Shall Be All: Recent Chapters in the History of Working Class Struggle in Scotland, p. 10
61 James Klugmann, ‘Marxism, Reformism and the General Strike’, in Jeffrey Skelley (ed.), The General Strike, 1926, Lawrence and Wishart, 1976, p. 88
62 Laurie Flynn, ‘The People’s Republic’, p. 11
63 James Klugmann, ‘Marxism, Reformism and the
General Strike’, p. 88
64 Tony Cliff and Donny Gluckstein, Marxism and Trade Union Struggle: The General Strike of 1926, Bookmarks, 1986, p. 235
65 Chris Farman, May 1926, The General Strike, Britain’s Aborted Revolution? Granada, 1974, p. 205
66 Tony Cliff and Donny Gluckstein, Marxism and Trade Union Struggle: The General Strike of 1926, p. 196
67 Ibid., p. 199
68 Ibid.
69 Ibid., p. 226
70 Paul Carter, ‘The West of Scotland’, in Jeffrey Skelley (ed). The General Strike, 1926, p. 116
71 Ibid.
72 J. J. Smyth, Labour in Glasgow 1896–1936: Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism, p. 107
73 Paul Carter, ‘The West of Scotland’, p. 133
74 Chris Farman, May 1926, The General Strike, Britain’s Aborted Revolution?, p. 239
75 Paul Carter, ‘The West of Scotland’, p. 123
76 Chris Farman, May 1926, The General Strike, Britain’s Aborted Revolution?, p. 158
77 Ian MacDougall, ‘Edinburgh’, in Jeffrey Skelley (ed.), The General Strike, 1926, p. 150
78 Ibid., pp. 150–51
79 Chris Farman, May 1926, The General Strike, Britain’s Aborted Revolution?, p. 232
80 Annemarie Hughes, Gender and Political Identities in Scotland 1919–1939, Edinburgh University Press, 2010, p. 99
81 J. J. Smyth, Labour in Glasgow 1896–1936: Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism, p. 107
82 ‘Perthshire and the 1926 General Strike’, Alternative Perthshire, accessed 13 May 2013
83 Ibid.
84 Laurie Flynn, ‘The People’s Republic’, p. 12
85 Tony Cliff and Donny Gluckstein, Marxism and Trade Union Struggle: The General Strike of 1926, pp. 252–53
86 Laurie Flynn, ‘The People’s Republic’, pp. 112–13
87 Robert Duncan, The Mine Workers, pp. 230–31
88 R. A. Leeson, Strike: A Live History 1887–1971, p. 105
89 Jock Kane with Betty Kane, ‘No wonder we were all rebels – an oral history’ accessed 24 September 2012
90 J. J. Smyth, Labour in Glasgow 1996–1936: Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism, p. 108
91 Robert Duncan, The Mine Workers, p. 233
92 Ibid., p. 234
93 ‘Helen Crawfurd – Political Activist, Suffragette and Red Cydesider’, Alternative Perthshire, alternative-perth.co.uk/helencrawfurd.htm, accessed 11 May 2013
94 Kevin Morgan, Gideon Cohen and Andrew Flinn, Communists and British Society 1920–1991, Rivers Oram Press, 2007, p. 154
95 Ibid.
96 Graham Stevenson, ‘Communist Biogs: Helen Crawfurd’, grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=128:helen-craw-furd-anderson&catid=3:c&Itemid=99, accessed 11 May 2013
97 Seán Damer, ‘State Class and Housing: Glasgow 1885–1919’, p. 92
98 William Kenefick, Red Scotland!: The Rise and Fall of the Radical Left, 1872 to 1932, p. 148
99 Esther Breitenbach and Eleanor Gordon, Out of Bounds: Women in Scottish Society 1800–1945, Edinburgh University Press, 1992, p. 181
100 Andy Thorpe, The British Communist Party and Moscow: 1920–43, Manchester University Press, 2000, p. 35
101 Jill Liddington, The Road to Greenham Common: Feminism and Anti-Militarism in Britain Since 1820, Syracuse University Press, 1989, p. 131
102 Graham Stevenson, ‘Communist Biogs: Helen Crawfurd’
103 Mary Davis, Sylvia Pankhurst: A Life in Radical Politics, Pluto Press, 1999, p. 93
104 Graham Stevenson, ‘Communist Biogs: Helen Crawfurd’
105 Ibid.
11. The Great Depression: Suffering and Resistance
1 T. C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People 1830–1950, p. 115
2 Ibid., p. 114
3 William Knox, Industrial Nation: Work, Culture and Society in Scotland 1800–Present, p. 190
4 T. C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People 1830–1950, pp. 114–15
5 Edwin Muir, Scottish Journey, Mainstream, 1996, p. 139
6 William Knox, Industrial Nation: Work, Culture and Society in Scotland 1800–Present, p. 192
7 Ibid.
8 Richard Croucher, We Refuse to Starve in Silence: A History of the National Unemployed Workers Movement 1920–1946, Lawrence and Wishart, 1987, pp. 18–21
9 Ibid., pp. 48–49
10 George Rawlinson, ‘Mobilising the Unemployed: The National Unemployed Workers’ Movement in the West of Scotland’, in Robert Duncan and Arthur McIvor (eds), Militant Workers: Labour and Class Conflict on the Clyde 1900–1950, Essays in Honour of Harry McShane (1891-1988), John Donald, 1992, p. 185
11 Ibid., p. 189
12 Ibid., p. 190
13 Ibid., p. 187
14 Ian MacDougall, Voices from the Hunger Marches: Personal Recollections by Scottish Hunger Marchers of the 1920s and 1930s, vol. 1, Polygon, 1990, p. 147
15 Ibid., p. 130
16 Ian MacDougall, Voices from the Hunger Marches: Personal Recollections by Scottish Hunger Marchers of the 1920s and 1930s, vol. 2, Polygon, 1991, p. 282
17 Richard Croucher, We Refuse to Starve in Silence: A History of the National Unemployed Workers Movement 1920–1946, p. 158
18 Ibid., p. 166
19 Ibid., pp. 192–93
20 J. J. Smyth, Labour in Glasgow 1896–1936: Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism, p. 148
21 Tom Gallagher, Edinburgh Divided: John Cormack and No Popery in the 1930s, Polygon, 1987, p. 111
22 Ibid., p. 39
23 Ibid., pp. 51–53
24 Ibid., p. 123
25 Ibid., p. 145
26 Tom Gallagher, Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace, p. 155
27 Ibid., p. 153
28 Stephen M. Cullen, ‘The Fasces and the Saltire: The Failure of the British Union of Fascists in Scotland, 1932–1940’, Scottish Historical Review LXXXVIII, 2, 224 (October 2008), pp. 314–15
29 Ibid., p. 312
30 Stephen Dorril, Blackshirt: Sir Oswald Mosley and British Fascism, Penguin, 2007, pp. 293, 453
31 Martin Pugh, ‘Hurrah for the Blackshirts’: Fascists and Fascism in Britain Between the Wars, Jonathan Cape, 2005, p. 231
32 Ibid., pp. 312, 315
33 Henry Maitles, ‘Blackshirts Across the Border’, Socialist Review, 172 (February 1994)
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Ian McDougall (ed.), Voices from the Spanish Civil War, Polygon, 1986, p. 241
37 ‘The Leader in Scotland’, The Blackshirt, 8 June 1934
38 Ian MacDougall (ed.), Voices from the Spanish Civil War, p. 33
39 ‘Fascist Meeting Sequel’, The Scotsman, 6 June 1936
40 Daniel Gray, Homage to Caledonia, Luath Press, 2008, p. 26
41 Colin Cross, The Fascists in Britain, St Martin’s Press, 1963, p. 108
42 Juliet Gardiner, The Thirties: An Intimate History, HarperCollins, 2011, p. 406
43 ‘The Amazing Life Of Bob Cooney Part 2 – Fighting Fascism’, 18 July 2011, http://aberdeenvoice.com/tag/brigade/, accessed 6 October 2012
44 ‘Blackshirts in Red Scotland’, http://afaarchive.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/blackshirts-in-red-scotland.pdf8, accessed 5 October 2012
45 Nathan Abrams, Caledonian Jews: A Study of Seven Small Communities in Scotland, McFarland, 2009, p. 28
46 Henry Maitles, ‘Blackshirts Across the Border’
47 Daniel Gray, Homage to Caledonia, p. 19; and Ian MacDougall, ‘Scots in the Spanish Civil War 1936–1939’, in Grant G. Simpson (ed.), The Scottish Soldier Abroad, 1247–1967, Rowman & Littlefield, 1992, p. 146
48 Ian MacDougall, ‘Scots in the Spanish Civil War 1936–1939’, pp. 132–33
49 Ibid., p. 134
50 Daniel Gray, Homage to Caledonia, p. 100
51 Ibid., p. 51
52 Ibid., p. 52
53 Ibid., pp. 23–24
54 Ibid., p. 25
55 Ibid., p. 106
56 Mary Docherty, A Miner’s Lass, Lancashire Community Press, 1992, p
. 140
57 Daniel Gray, Homage to Caledonia, pp. 111–15
58 Margery Palmer McCulloch, Scottish Modernism and Its Contexts 1918–1959: Literature, National Identity and Cultural Exchange, Edinburgh University Press, 2009, p. 108
59 Daniel Gray, Homage to Caledonia, pp. 137–39
60 Ibid., p. 203
61 Julie Arnot, ‘Women Workers and Trade Union Participation in Scotland 1919–1939’, pp. 297–301, http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3086/01/1999arnotphd.pdf, accessed 9 October 2012
62 Ibid.
63 Ibid.
64 Ibid.
65 Richard Croucher, Engineers At War 1939–1945, Merlin, 1982, pp. 13–14
66 Ibid., p. 45
67 Ibid., pp. 49–50
68 Nina Fishman, The British Communist Party and the Trade Unions 1933–1945, Scolar Press, 1995, pp. 95–96
69 Richard Croucher, Engineers At War 1939–1945, pp. 51–52
70 Ibid., p. 52
71 Nina Fishman, The British Communist Party and the Trade Unions 1933–1945, pp. 95–96
72 Richard Croucher, Engineers At War 1939–1945, p. 71
73 Nina Fishman, The British Communist Party and the Trade Unions 1933–1945, p. 201
74 Clive Howard Lee, Scotland and the United Kingdom: The Economy and the Union in the Twentieth Century, Manchester University Press, 2005, p. 18
75 T. M. Devine, The Scottish Nation 1700–2000, p. 325
76 Ian Donnachie, ‘Scottish Labour in the Depression: The 1930s’, in Ian Donnachie, Christopher Harvie and Ian S. Wood (eds), Forward! Labour Politics in Scotland 1888–1988, p. 55
77 Tim Pat Coogan, Wherever Green Is Worn, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, pp. 229–30
78 Dr. Robert D McIntyre, ‘The Scottish National Party in the Nineteen Thirties’, electricscotland.com/history/mcintyre/chap5.htm, Accessed 19 October
2012
79 Parliamentary Debates: Official Report, vol. 272, His Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1933, pp. 285–6.
80 Attila Dosa, Beyond Identity: New Horizons in Modern Scottish Poetry, Rodopi, 2009, p. 87
81 Rebecca Wilson, Gillean Somerville-Arjat (eds), Sleeping With Monsters: Conversations with Scottish and Irish Women Poets, Polygon, 1990, p. v
82 Hugh MacDiarmid, ‘The Politics and Poetry of Hugh MacDiarmid’, in Selected Essays of Hugh MacDiarmid, University of California Press, 1970, p. 22
83 Hugh MacDiarmid and Alan Bold (ed.), The Thistle Rises: An Anthology of Poetry and Prose, Hamish Hamilton, 1984, p. 289
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