Field Marshal: The Life and Death of Erwin Rommel
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Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth), 132, 137, 142, 320
von Hofacker, Lt. Col. Cäsar, 528, 530, 531, 532, 538, 540, 541
Husky, Operation, 454
Indian forces, 182, 183, 208, 221, 231, 266, 279, 300, 301, 303. 336, 339, 350, 372; 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, 209, 325; 4th Indian (Motorised) Division, 263, 270, 375; 5th Indian Division, 322, 348; 7th Indian Brigade, 301; 11th Indian Infantry Division, 334; 18th Indian Infantry Brigade, 350
Infanterie Greift an (Infantry in the Attack), 133, 152
Isonzo River, 39, 65, 67, 77
Isonzo, Twelfth Battle of—see Caporetto, Battle of
Italian Army (and Italian forces), 39, 65, 177, 182, 183,185–186, 189, 198, 200, 214, 218, 221, 224, 226, 232, 237, 245, 247, 250–251, 257, 268, 295, 298, 302, 305, 332, 352, 370, 388, 392, 394; in Brevity, 250–251, 252, 253; in Battleaxe, 265, 266, 268, 269–270, 271, 274, 286, 287, 288, 289; in Crusader, 294, 296, 297, 298, 301, 306; at El Alamein..378, 379, 380, 385, 388; at Gazala, 323–325, 330; Commando Supremo, 183, 190, 191, 206, 237, 257, 258, 259, 281, 305, 310, 372, 377, 386, 414, 423, 426, 427, 430, 434, 438, 442, 448; Bersaglieri, 73, 246, 251, 252; XX Armored Corps, 283; XXI Corps, 283; Ariete Division, 192, 203, 221, 223, 230, 232, 283, 295, 296, 299, 305, 324, 325, 326, 327, 331, 333, 338, 339, 349, 360, 378, 388; Bersaglieri Division, 246, 379; Bologna Division, 296, 387–388; Brescia Division, 204, 219–220, 331, 334, 339, 352; Centauro Armored Division, 431, 432; Folgore Division, 384, 387–388, 388; Littorio Armored Division, 349, 354, 360, 378, 379, 388; Pavia Division, 219–220, 331, 334, 352, 387–388; Sabratha Division, 351; Trento Division, 192, 232, 246, 339, 352, 387–388; Trieste Division, 283, 299, 324, 331, 333, 349, 352, 379, 388; Tenth Army, 182, 183, 189, 191; quality of Italian soldiers, 191, 274–275, 352–353; quality of Italian officers, 191, 353
Japan, 18, 308, 309, 383
Jodl, Col. Gen. Alfred, 318, 447, 449, 450, 452, 482–483, 487, 500, 535
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 530–531, 532, 538
Kasserine Pass, 428, 430, 433, 434, 437 Battle of, 431–433
Keitel, Gen. Bodewin, 276
Keitel, Fld. M. Wilhelm, 318, 376, 441, 499, 500, 538, 539, 540
Kesselring, Fld. M. Albert, 191, 285, 320–321, 323, 335, 341, 349–350, 355, 356, 364, 366, 378, 390, 392, 407, 430, 441, 448, 449–451, 471, 531; at the Battle of Gazala, 328–329; difficulties with Rommel, 342, 388, 394, 400, 404, 411, 413, 414, 423, 424–425, 430, 434, 435
Kirchheim, Lt. Gen. Heinrich, 242, 276, 538
Klopper, Maj. Gen. Hendrik, 334–335
von Kluge, Fld. M. Günther, 500, 501, 502, 504, 519, 527, 534; and July 20 conspiracy, 527, 531, 532,
Kolovrat Ridge, 67, 69–72, 75, 77, 81
Königliche Kriegschule (Royal Cadet Academy), 31
Krieg ohne Hass (War without Hate), 440
La Roche Guyon, 469, 477, 479, 480, 483, 487, 504, 519, 538
Landrecies, 158, 161, 231
Lane, Lt. George, 477–478
Lang, Capt. Helmut, 477, 479, 483, 504, 505, 525, 526
Lavarack, Maj. Gen. John, 219
Laycock, Lt. Col. Robert, 293
Le Havre, 174
Leibknecht, Karl, 90
Lille, 169–171
Longarone, capture of, 77, 78–80, 103, 191
von Luck, Col. Hans..213, 392, 393.
Ludendorf, Gen. Erich, 66, 67, 83, 84, 85
Luftwaffe, 134, 141, 147, 154, 177, 235, 263, 310, 329, 342, 370, 381, 394, 404, 420, 441, 453, 471, 550; X Flieger-korps, 189, 221, 341; 17th Division, 503; ground divisions, 401, 420; Hermann Göring Panzer Division, 401; and France 1940, 164, 176; in Normandy, 489; in North Africa, 196, 237, 262, 265, 288, 293, 294, 329, 335, 363, 378, 407
Luxembourg, 44, 86
Luxemburg, Rosa, 90
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 18, 451
Maisel, Lt. Gen. Ernst, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544
Malta, 319, 321, 323, 335, 341, 342–343, 349
von Manstein, Fld. M. Erich, 149, 154, 157, 158, 556
Mareth Line, 402–403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 411, 414, 416, 422, 424, 425, 428–430, 434, 437–438,
Mechili, 203, 207, 208, 209, 217, 228, 246, 265, 315, 319, 330,
von Mellenthin, Maj. Friedrich, 290, 305, 350, 365
Mersa el Brega, 194–195, 196, 197, 198–199, 200, 204, 205, 210, 216, 218, 225, 390–392, 394, 400, 402, 404–405, 411–412, 416, 420
Mersa Matruh, 237, 294, 334, 338, 339, 341, 343, 344, 345, 348, 384, 389
Messe, Gen. Giovanni, 426, 435, 437
von Metternich, Klemens, 24, 127
Meuse River, 150, 154–155, 157, 161, 164, 167, 170
Model, Fld. M. Walter, 531, 533–534, 535, 544
von Moltke, Fld. M. Marshal Helmuth (the Elder), 24, 60, 98
Monte Matajur, capture of, 67, 71, 72–73, 74–77, 80, 81, 274
Montgomery, Fld. M. Bernard, .218, 279, 355, 361, 368–370, 371–372, 375, 417, 418, 426, 430, 437–438, 451, 463–464, 490, 546; and Battle of El Alamein, 359, 376, 385, 388, 389; and pursuit of Afrika Korps, 391–392, 394, 402, 411–412, 420; and invasion of Italy, 446; and invasion of Normandy, 484, 485, 492
Morshead, Maj. Gen. Leslie, 219, 225–226
Most, Lt., 165, 166, 169
Mount Cosna, capture of, 57, 60–63, 64, 67
Munich Crisis, 141, 143, 180
Mussolini, Benito, 180, 258, 310, 341, 362, 395, 402, 405, 415, 424, 438, 441, 450; deposed, 441, 444–445; and Hitler, 115. 180, 185, 186, 190, 198, 405; military adventurism of, 175, 180–181, 185–186; orders Italian offensive into Egypt, 181, 182; and Rommel, 289, 313, 372–373, 403, 414, 419, 423–424, 450
National Socialism (Nazism), 115, 116, 117, 128, 131, 139, 141, 173, 240, 320, 404, 507, 510, 511, 515, 517, 522, 530, 536
National Socialist German Workers’ Party (N.S.D.A.P, Nazis), 111, 113, 115, 116–119, 121, 124, 126, 127–129, 132, 147–148, 382, 393, 402, 407, 507, 509, 511, 513, 517–518, 519–520, 521, 522, 530, 545, 554–555; Rommel and, 9, 111, 131–132, 138, 139, 173–174, 239–240, 318, 404, 410, 443, 513–514, 556
Neame, Lt. Gen. Phillip, 200, 207, 210, 219
Nehring, Gen. Walter, 352, 376, 406, 408, 411, 412, 413
Neumann-Silkow, Maj. Gen. Walter, 262, 269, 270
New Zealand forces, 284, 299, 300, 302, 339, 352, 361, 372; 2nd New Zealand Division, 186, 198, 343–344, 348, 359, 437
Night of the Long Knives, 115, 119–120, 121, 506, 513, 537
Normandy, Battle of, 20, 487–488, 489, 517, 524, 525, 526, 535, 540; Allied landings, 480, 481, 485, 486–487; Juno Beach, 484; Omaha Beach, 484–485, 485; Sword Beach, 484; Utah Beach, 484–485
Norrie, Lt. Gen. Willoughby, 293
O.K.H. (Oberkommando des Heeres)—see German Army, Wehrmacht
O.K.W. (Oberkommando des Wehrmacht)—see German Army, Wehrmacht
O’Connor, Maj. Gen. Richard, 182
Olbricht, Lt. Col. Herbert, 207, 209, 228. 229–230, 232, 233, 262, 276
Ottoman Empire, 38, 96, 180
Oxhead, Operation, 446, 446–447, 448
Pan, Josef, 104
Pas de Calais, 463, 467, 475–476, 477, 480, 482, 488, 489, 496,
Patton, Gen. George S. Jr., 263, 409, 451, 463, 546, 551
Paulus, Fld. M. Marshal Friedrich, 241–242, 244–245, 249, 260, 569n
People’s Court, 115, 528, 529, 540, 541
Philippeville, 158, 159–160, 167, 168
“Plan Orient,” 285, 286, 368
Poland, 115, 127, 138, 141, 143–144, 240, 507; 1939 German campaign in, 144–145; German occupation of, 147, 148, 510, 515
Ponath, Maj. Gustav, 209, 227–228, 229,233
Prague, 141, 142, 143
Prince Maximillian of Baden, 84, 85
Princzip, Gavrillo, 34
von Prittwitz und Gaffron, Maj. Gen. Heinrich, 220, 222, 226, 227, 228, 231, 275
Prussia, Kingdom of, 18,22, 23, 24–25, 27, 34, 84
Qattara Depression, 343, 348, 365
Räder, Gd. Adm. Erich
, 285, 342
Ras el Madauar, 242–243
von Ravenstein, Lt. Gen. Johann, 261, 270, 295
Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force), 180, 181, 210, 221, 263, 288, 293, 310, 378, 407
Regia Marina (Italian Navy), 257, 258, 373, 443–444, 446
Riccardi, Adm. Arturo, 258
Ritchie, Maj. Gen. Neal, 300, 321–322, 323, 324, 326, 328, 330–331, 333, 338, 339, 349
von Rönne, Col. Alexander, 464
Röhm, Ernst, 117, 122, 123, 402; as leader of SA, 117; execution of, 119, 121; plans for SA to replace Reichswehr, 118; plots to replace Hitler, 119
Romania, Kingdom of, 38, 52, 56, 57, 59, 60
Romanian Army, 52–53, 54–56, 57, 60
Rommel, Erwin Jr., admiration of Hitler, 128, 138, 283, 289; and Adolf Hitler, 17, 111–112, 115, 124–125, 132–133, 141–142, 147, 151, 193, 288–289, 318, 399–400, 439, 441, 442, 443, 459, 496–497, 511, 531, 539, 540–541, 542; and Allied airpower, 363–364, 456, 471, 488–490; and Allied landing in Normandy, 480, 490–492; at Arras, 164–166; at Battleaxe, 266–271; at Battle of Gazala, 324–333; at Battle of Kasserine Pass, 431–433; and Battle of Medenine, 437–438; burial, 547–548; character of, 409–410; childhood of, 26–29; and command of 7th Panzer Division, 150, 152–153; command style of, 146–147, 153, 158, 161–162, 177, 329; as commandant of Theresian War Academy, 137–138; as commander of Führerbegleitbrigade, 145–146, 147, 151; and construction of Atlantic Wall, 452, 455, 459–461, 464–466, 467–469; at Crusader, 295–303; and “Dash to the Wire,” 301–302; death of, 541–544; and defense of Atlantic Wall, 470–473, 475, 487; defiance of orders from Hitler, 367–368, 388, 402; demands that Hitler make peace with Allies, 499, 502–503, 504; as depicted in Allied propaganda, 238; as depicted in Nazi propaganda, 239–240; as “Desert Fox,” 17, 240, 248, 274, 314, 319, 370, 374, 432; and Diamonds to Knight’s Cross, 439, 440; disdain for aristocratic officers, 19, 69, 106, 118, 142, 150, 393; disillusionment with Hitler, 386–387, 393, 400, 404, 409–410, 414–415, 459, 494–496, 514–518, 533, 536, 537; fame and popularity of, 317–318, 319, 517, 523, 539; and fatherhood, 104–105, 131, 292, 319, 408, 466–467, 534; first attack in North Africa, 194–210, 219–221; at First Battle of El Alamein, 360, 361; and First World War, 104, 106, 131, 147, 159; in France (1914–15), 44–51; and Gen. Franz Halder, 193–194, 196, 206, 241, 259, 260, 281 259, 281, 283; funeral of, 544–546; and General Staff officers, 20, 131, 234, 260; and Gold Wound Badge, 526; health issues of, 46, 289–290, 357–358, 372, 415–416, 425, 447; and Hermann Göring, 401, 403; and Hitler’s entry into Prague, 142; and Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend), 132, 137, 142; ingenuity of, 28–29, 460–461; as instructor at Dresden, .105–106, 113, 131, 133, 393; as instructor at Potsdam, 130, 134, 137; and Iron Cross First Class, 50; and Iron Cross Second Class, 48; and Italian High Command (Comando Supremo), 191, 206; and Italian senior officers, 191, 204, 244, 256–257, 258, 288, 305; 353; and Italian soldiers, 191, 244, 274–275, 296, 305, 313; 352–353; and “Italian treachery,” 256–257, 362, 381, 441, 447, 448; in Italy—see also Monte Matajur, capture of and Longarone, capture of, 65–81; and Josef Göbbels, 239–240, 283, 318, 337, 451; and July 20 conspiracy, 508, 509–512, 513, 518, 532; and Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross, 168; and knowledge of Nazi atrocities, 173–174, 458–459, 515; at La Bassée Canal, 169; and Longarone, capture of, 77, 78–80, 103, 191; at Lille, 169–170; and marriage, .57, 65, 101–102, 112, 131, 141–142; at Meuse River crossing, 155–157; as military engineer, 460–461; and Monte Matajur, capture of, 67, 71, 72–73, 74–77, 80, 81, 274; and Mount Cosna, capture of, 57, 60–63, 64, 67; and Nazis, 111, 115, 130, 132, 138, 404; and “Night of the Long Knives,” 122; offered command in Italy, 449–450; patriotism of, 17, 113, 409–410, 518, 557; plans for separate peace with Allies, 504, 518–522; political opinions of, 112; and Pour le Mérite, 81; and prisoners of war, 328, 332; promoted to oberst (colonel), 137; promoted to general der panzertruppe, 283; promoted to generalfeldmarschall, 337; promoted to major (major), 113; publishes Infanterie Greift an, 133–134; in Reichswehr, 102–104, 106–107, 113–115; religious views of, 27; in retreat from El Alamein, 391–393, 416, 451; in Romania—see also Mount Cosna, capture of, 52–59, 60–65; at Second Battle of El Alamein, 20, 377–378, 379–380, 384, 385–386, 389 552; at siege of Tobruk, 226–231, 232, 237, 239, 242–244, 287–288, 291; and SS, 458; and Silver Wound Badge, 134; as strategist, 285–286, 345–346, 396–399; and subordinates, 207, 217, 230–231, 257, 260–261, 262, 275–276, 282, 290, 316, 422; suppresses uprisings in Italy, 447; vanity of, 77, 106, 134, 255, 276–277, 317, 337, 345, 410, 440, 517, 547; withdrawal into Tunisia, 402–403, 404, 408–409, 411–412, 414–415, 416–419, 423–426, 428–429; wounded in Africa, 319; wounded in France (1914), 47–48, 50; wounded in Romania, 62, 63–64, 65; wounded in France (1944), 505, 524–525; in Württemberg army, 31–33
Rommel, Erwin Sr. (father), 27, 27–28
Rommel, Gerhard (brother), 27, 28
Rommel, Helene Lutz(mother), 27
Rommel, Helene (sister), 27, 28, 422, 544
Rommel, Karl (brother), 27, 28
Rommel, Lucia Maria “Lucie” (nee Molin), 31, 33, 81, 103, 104, 148, 233, 292, 319, 331, 403, 409, 439, 440, 447, 469, 479, 480, 483, 495, 497, 511–512, 533, 539, 540, 547–548; courted by Rommel, 31–32, 33; death of, 547; married life with Rommel, 57, 65, 101–102, 112, 131, 141–142; marries Rommel, 57; and Nazis, 113, 403–404; and Rommel’s death, 541–542, 543, 544, 545, 546
Rommel, Manfred (son of Erwin Jr.), 104, 131, 287, 319, 320, 439, 440, 520, 521, 534, 539, 540, 542, 546–547, 557;death of, 547; and father’s death, 542, 543, 544, 546; forbidden to join SS, 458–459; military service of, 458, 466, 533, 539, 546; relationship with father, 104–105, 131, 292, 319, 408, 466–467, 534
Rommel, Manfred (infant son of Erwin Sr.), 27
Roosevelt, Franklin, 309, 407, 522
Rotefrontkämpferbund (Red Frontline Soldiers’ League), 116
Royal Air Force (RAF), 179, 181, 208, 210, 222, 223, 235, 236, 265, 271, 321, 341, 349, 350, 363, 364, 378, 407, 447, 463, 490, 505, 535
Royal Navy (RN), 135, 198, 262, 285, 287, 321, 335, 381; blockade of Germany in First World War, 40, 41, 82–83
von Rundstedt, Fld. M. Marshal Gerd, 452, 466, 465, 471, 473–475, 482–483, 488, 489, 494, 496, 498–499, 538, 545
Rüge, Adm. Friedrich, 457, 524, 525–526, 539, 545–546
Russian Army (First World War)
Saint-Valery-en-Caux, 175–176
von Salmuth, Co. Gen. Hans, 467
Sambre River, 161, 167, 170
Sarajevo, 34
Sbeitla, 428
von Schleicher, Maj. Gen. Kurt, 93, 108, 109, 119
Schleiffen Plan, 35, 36, 44, 47, 149, 154, 157
Schmundt, Col. Rudolf, 151, 179, 436, 469
Schörner, Fld. M. Marshal Ferdinand, 72–73142, 556n
von Schräpler, Major Hans-Joachim, 169
von Schwerin, Lt. Col. Gerhard, 203, 207, 217, 220, 276
Schutzstaffel (SS), 318, 512, 527, 534, 536, 537–538, 545
Scobie, Sir Ronald, 287, 298
Seebohm, Capt. Alfred, 203, 249, 268, 269, 352
von Seeckt, Gen. Hans, 96, 98, 99, 474; organizes Reichswehr, 95, 96, 96–97; and clandestine rearmament, 97–98, 107–108, 109; and loyalty to Weimar Republic, 93–94,
Serbia, 34, 38
Sfax, 407, 427
Sichelschnitt—see Fall Gelb
Sicherheitsdienst (SD)—see Gestapo
Sicily, 189, 399, 406, 413, 441, 442–443, 444–445, 454–455, 478, 553
Sidi Aziez, 264
Sidi Rezegh, 294, 295, 296, 297–299 300–302, 324,
Siret River, 57, 60
Sirte, 189, 192, 411, 414, 418, 420
Social Democratic Party, 85, 112
Sollum, 221, 224, 236, 245–247, 249, 256, 264, 289, 307, 348, 390, 394;capture of during, 306; defense of in Brevity, 250–252; defense of in Battleaxe, 272; defense of in Crusader, 293–294,
297, 298, 302
Sommernachtstraum, Operation, 290–291
Sonderkommando R (Special Unit R), 108–109
Sonnenblume, Operation, 178, 188, 383
South African forces, 231, 300, 333, 336, 349, 372. 390; South African Division (later 1st South African Division, 294, 299, 322, 330, 333, 348, 349; 2nd South African Division, 306, 322, 334, 336
Soviet Union, 108, 143, 144, 186, 383, 384, 397, 405, 509, 520, 521, 522, 566n; cooperation with Weimar Republic, 108, 109; invasion of Poland by, 145; war with the Third Reich, 241, 272. 275, 286, 382, 474, 476, 552
“Spartacist Uprising,” 85, 90, 92
Spartacist League, 85, 90
Speer, Albert, 382, 453, 454, 476, 547
Speidel, Maj. Gen. Hans, 469, 480, 481, 483–484, 511, 524, 526, 540, 541; and July 20 conspiracy, 469–470, 509, 519, 530, 531, 532, 536, 537–538; exploitation of Rommel, 509–511
Sprösser, Major Theodor, 51, 56, 58, 60, 63, 69–70, 73, 75, 79–80, 81
Stalingrad, 260, 363, 366, 368, 399, 441, 449, 451, 515
von Stauffenberg, Col. Klaus, 506–507, 508, 510 512, 518; and July 20 conspiracy, 507, 510, 511, 513, 528, 536, 541; and Rommel, 508–509, 519, 521, 523
Stemmer, Gertrude, 32, 33, 101, 104, 422
Stemmer, Walburga, 31–33, 57, 101–102, 104, 422
Streich, Maj. Gen. Johannes, 192, 193, 194, 197, 207, 208, 217, 220, 228, 230–231, 233, 242, 260–261, 262, 275–276
Strölin, Karl, 511–512, 536
von Stülpnagel, Gen. Karl-Heinrich, 527–528, 530, 540, 541
Sturmabteilung (SA), 115, 116–117, 118–119, 122, 125, 402; and Night of the Long Knives, 119–121