The Atlas of Middle-earth
Page 24
4 RK, 219.
5 RK, 317, 365.
6 RK, 219.
7 RK, 218; Strahler, 489, 490.
8 RK, 218.
9 Lobeck, 683.
10 Strahler, 490. The side view in P, 30, had even more vertical exaggeration.
11 RK, 218.
12 RK, 219.
13 IX, 1.
14 RK, 220.
15 RK, 222; IX, 37, 39; P, 30; Marquette Archives.
16 RK, 219, 220; IX, 1.
17 FR, 70; IX, 24.
18 RK, 222, 223.
19 RK, 222.
20 Thornbury, 491.
21 RK, 227, 229, 240.
22 RK, 228.
THE BATTLE OF THE HORNBURG
(p. 148)
1 RK, 374.
2 TT, 117, 122.
3 TT, 129.
4 TT, 133.
5 TT, 171.
6 TT, 136.
7 TT, 135, 136.
8 TT, 147.
9 TT, 170, 171.
10 TT, 129.
11 TT, 136.
12 TT, 147.
13 TT, 170, 171.
14 TT, 134, 171.
15 TT, 135.
16 TT, 136.
17 TT, 138.
18 TT, 139.
19 TT, 141.
20 TT, 143, 144.
21 TT, 145.
22 TT, 146.
23 TT, 147.
24 TT, 148.
BATTLES IN THE NORTH
(p. 150)
1 RK, 53, 374, 375.
2 RK, 374.
3 RK, 374, 375.
4 RK, 257, 374.
5 RK, 374, 375.
6 RK, 375, 376.
7 RK, 374, 375.
8 RK, 360, 375.
9 RK, 375.
10 RK, 360.
THE BATTLE OF THE PELENNOR FIELDS
(pp. 151–152)
1 RK, 91.
2 RK, 121.
3 RK, 95, 121.
4 FR, 416, 417; TT, 248, 250, 267, 268.
5 RK, 77, 121.
6 TT, 316.
7 RK, 95.
8 RK, 121.
9 RK, 89.
10 RK, 43.
11 RK, 43, 44.
12 RK, 77.
13 RK, 48.
14 RK, 123.
15 RK, 121.
16 RK, 44.
17 RK, 40, 79; Encyclopedia Americana, “Army.”
18 FR, 258; RK, 91.
19 RK, 91, 98.
20 RK, 91, 374.
21 RK, 93, 94, 140.
22 RK, 94.
23 RK, 95, 96.
24 RK, 98, 102.
25 RK, 103.
26 RK, 112–114.
27 RK, 114, 115.
28 RK, 118–121.
29 RK, 121–124.
THE BATTLE OF THE MORANNON
(p. 154)
1 RK, 158.
2 RK, 161.
3 RK, 162.
4 RK, 162, 163.
5 RK, 167.
6 RK, 163.
7 RK, 167, 168.
8 RK, 167, 168.
9 RK, 226.
10 RK, 227, 235.
THE BATTLE OF BYWATER
(p. 155)
1 RK, 288–290.
2 RK, 294–295.
PATHWAYS
(pp. 156-161)
1 UT, 285.
2 RK, 376, 389.
3 RK, 32, 386.
4 RK, 363–378.
BAG END TO RIVENDELL
(pp. 162-163)
1 FR, 79–110.
2 FR, 117, 120, 132, 140.
3 FR, 146–159.
4 FR, 193, 197.
5 FR, 197–202.
6 FR, 207, 211–213.
7 Refer to Atlas, p. 97, 101
8 FR, 214.
9 FR, 214.
10 VI, 200–203.
11 FR, 215–223.
12 FR, 224.
13 FR, 224, 225.
RIVENDELL TO LÓRIEN
(p. 164)
1 FR, 294–296.
2 FR, 299, 300.
3 FR, 301, 302.
4 FR, 311, 313–315.
5 FR, 324
6 FR, 323–328.
7 FR, 329, 337, 341, 345.
8 FR, 346, 352.
9 FR, 364–368.
10 FR, 387.
11 FR, 393, 395, 396.
12 FR, 397–400.
13 FR, 401–403, 407–411.
RAUROS TO DUNHARROW
(p. 166)
1 FR, 418, 423; TT, 16, 47.
2 TT, 21, 30.
3 TT, 23–32.
4 TT, 30, 54.
5 TT, 57.
6 TT, 29, 31, 38, 39.
7 TT, 61, 65, 73. Note that Treebeard’s stride measured only a third the length of the Tree-man seen by Sam’s cousin Hal on the North Moors (FR, 53).
8 RK, 373.
9 TT, 108–110, 131, 133.
10 TT, 151.
11 TT, 157.
12 TT, 88, 90, 170, 171.
13 TT, 193, 194, 201.
14 RK, 19, 46, 48.
15 RK, 20, 48, 52, 53, 56, 64, 374.
DUNHARROW TO THE MORANNON
(p. 168)
1 RK, 59.
2 RK, 61.
3 RK, 62.
4 RK, 150. This stated distance was irreconcilable with the scale shown on Tolkien’s map and with the distance between Edoras and Minas Tirith north of the mountains. It actually measures about 30 miles too long.
5 RK, 151, 152, 374. Although IX, 14 stated that Aragorn took rough paths because the coast road was infested, this idea was clearly later abandoned.
6 RK, 153.
7 RK, 64, 374.
8 RK, 76–78. VIII, 343 stated lesser distance, but VIII, 354 explained that a later map was 40 miles longer—only a difference of 4 miles from the Atlas.
9 RK, 104, 108–110.
10 RK, 159–161.
11 RK, 161. Note that the distance shown is 100 miles, but 8 to 10 miles were added by leaving the road. The shorter mileage is a compromise between this quote and the distance of “nearly thirty leagues” (90 miles) given on TT, 256.
12 RK, 162.
13 RK, 163.
THE JOURNEY OF FRODO AND SAM
(pp. 170-171)
1 FR, 423.
2 TT, 209.
3 TT, 211, 212, 217.
4 TT, 218–223.
5 TT, 225–232; RK, 373.
6 TT, 209, 233.
7 TT, 233–238.
8 FR, 390; TT, 239.
9 TT, 242, 244, 247.
10 TT, 256.
11 TT, 265, 277.
12 TT, 304.
13 TT, 306, 307.
14 TT, 308; RK, 374.
15 TT, 310; Magnuson.
16 TT, 310, 311.
17 TT, 312–315
18 TT, 317–319.
19 TT, 323–326. Note that this disagrees with the date on RK, 373.
20 TT, 326.
21 RK, 374; IX, 8, 19.
22 TT, 337, 342, 345, 352.
23 RK, 173, 174.
24 RK, 193, 194, 374.
25 RK, 197, 199.
26 RK, 204.
27 RK, 207, 209.
28 RK, 212.
29 RK, 375.
30 RK, 224.
THE ROAD HOME
(pp. 174-175)
1 RK, 254, 256, 259, 260, 376.
2 RK, 298.
3 RK, 263, 264, 268, 269.
4 RK, 279–283.
5 RK, 298–300.
6 RK, 307—310, 377.
THE FOURTH AGE
(p. 176)
1 RK, 352.
2 RK, 254, 258, 260, 362, 377.
3 RK, 247.
4 RK, 375.
Thematic Maps
INTRODUCTION
(p. 179)
1 TL, 9.
2 TL, 48.
3 S, 37, 51, 54, 252, 279.
4 S, 54; FR, 302, 303.
5 S, 164, 208; H, 66; FR, 149, 302, 405; TT, 212.
6 S, 45.
7 S, 251.
8
TT, 285.
LANDFORMS
(p. 180)
1 Refer to Atlas, pp. 6, 9–11, 43, 69–91.
2 S, 74.
3 Refer to Atlas, p. 10.
4 Refer to Atlas, p. 3.
5 TT, 319; Refer to Atlas, p. 90.
6 S, 123, 140.
7 UT, 43.
8 FR, 214.
9 H, 56.
10 FR, 295; RK, 261.
11 RK, Map.
12 RK, 211.
13 TT, 307; Refer to Atlas, p. 90.
14 Refer to Atlas, p. 11.
15 S, 122, 123; TT, 26, 27, 232, 244; UT, 288.
16 S, 119.
17 Refer to Atlas, p. 78.
CLIMATE
(pp. 182, 184)
1 Espenshade, 8, 9; Strahler 186, 187.
2 S, 74.
3 S, 86.
4 S, 87, 89.
5 H, 66, 289; FR, 81, 146, 147, 214; RK, 200, 217, 268; UT, 24.
6 S, 119, 204.
7 S, 123.
8 S, 118.
9 S, 119, 123.
10 RK, 321, 322.
11 FR, 397.
12 RK, 347.
13 TT, 26.
14 TT, 239.
15 RK, 200, 201.
16 Refer to Atlas, p. 90.
17 S, 74; FR, 373, 374.
18 S, 118, 123; FR, 302, 397; TT, 258; RK, 36, 210, 321.
VEGETATION
(pp. 184, 186)
1 TT, 72.
2 See Juhren’s excellent 261; UT, 36, 53. study.
3 FR, 366.
4 H, 158, 183.
5 FR, 125; TT, 64.
6 S, 123.
7 S, 121, 122. It is uncertain whether Brethil contained birches (Noel, Languages, 120), or beeches (RK, 409).
8 Beckett, 50—52.
9 UT, 167.
10 TT, 70; Noel (Languages), 167.
11 Espenshade, 16, 17.
12 S, 119, 120.
13 H, 108–110; FR, 252.
14 S, 190, 235; H, 108; FR, 12, 252, 395; TT, 258; RK, 261; UT, 36, 53.
15 S, 122.
16 FR, 193, 194.
17 FR, 214, 217.
18 UT, 263.
19 S, 119, 123, 124; TT, 29; UT, 288.
20 S, 123; FR, 147, 196, 397; TT, 29, 30; UT, 166.
21 S, 151, 207.
22 S, 288; FR, 295, 299; RK, 261m 263.
23 TT, 211; RK, 194, 198.
24 S, 151, 191, 207.
25 FR, 396; TT, 79.
26 S, 118; H, 216; TT, 239; RK, 162.
27 RK, 200.
POPULATION
(pp. 186, 188)
1 S, 117.
2 S, 91, 113; RK, 406.
3 S, 111.
4 S, 81, 119–121, 123, 126.
5 S, 143, 144, 147.
6 S, 91.
7 S, 92, 114.
8 TT, 72.
9 S, 235.
10 RK, 407.
11 FR, 161; RK, 407, 408; UT, 214.
12 RK, 407; UT, 383–386.
13 RK, 121, 324.
14 RK, 321; Foster, 195.
15 UT, 165.
16 S, 268; Foster, 15.
17 UT, 166–168.
18 H, 179; FR, 54, 89, 279, 355; RK, 365.
19 RK, 352, 353, 357, 359, 365.
20 RK, 320, 321, 332.
21 H, 40.
22 RK, 261, 321; UT, 262, 387.
23 RK, 24, 328.
24 RK, 43.
25 RK, 345.
26 TT, 111, 135; RK, 76.
27 TT, 39.
28 H, 112; FR, 241.
29 H, 188, 189; FR, 241.
30 RK, 121.
31 H, 307.
32 FR, 53.
33 TT, 171.
34 RK, 200, 205, 375
LANGUAGES
(pp. 188, 190)
1 Carpenter, 89.
2 RK, 405.
3 RK, 406–410.
4 S, 141.
5 RK, 406, 407.
6 S, 129; RK, 405, 406; UT, 55.
7 RK, 406–408; UT, 383, 384, 399.
8 RK, 406–408.
9 S, 147.
10 S, 142, 147, 148; RK, 407; UT, 215.
11 RK, 407.
Selected References
Books
Beckett, Kenneth A. The Love of Trees. New York; Crescent Books, 1975.
Byrne, Josepfa. Mrs. Byrne’s Dictionary of Unusual, Obscure, and Preposterous Words. Secaucus, N.J.: University Books, Inc., 1975.
Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. The Letters of ]. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1981.
Carpenter, Humphrey. Tolkien: A Biography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1977.
Chorley, Richard J., ed. Introduction to Fluvial Processes. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1969.
Collingwood, G. H. Knowing Your Trees. Washington, D.C.: The American Forestry Assn., 1945.
Curran, H. Allen, Philip S. Justus, Eldon L. Perdew, and Michael B. Prothero. Atlas of Landforms, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1974.
Dury, G. H. The Face of the Earth. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1959.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia, 15th ed. “Pantheon.”
Encyclopedia Americana, 1968 ed. S.v. “Army,” “Castle,” “Fortifications,” “Rome,” “Columbus, Christopher. “
Espenshade, Edward B., ed. Goode’s World Atlas, 15th ed. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1978.
Foster, Robert. The Complete Guide to Middle-Earth. New York: Ballantine Books, 1978.
Ginsburg, Norton, ed. Aldine University Atlas. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1969.
Gottmann, Jean. A Geography of Europe. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969.
Helms, Randel. Tolkien’s World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.
Kilby, Clyde S. Tolkien and the Silmarillion. Wheaton, 111.: Howard Shaw Publ., 1976.
Kocher, Paul H. Master of Middle-Earth. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972.
Lobdell, Jared, ed. A Tolkien Compass. LaSalle, Ill.: The Open Court Publishing Co., 1974.
Lobeck, A. K. Geomorphology: An Introduction to the Study of Landscapes. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1939.
Macaulay, David, Castle. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1977.
Macaulay, David. Cathedral: The Story of its Construction. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1973.
MacKendrick, Paul. Greece and Rome: Builders of Our World. Washington: National Geographic Society, 1968.
McWhirter, Norris, ed. Guinness Book of World Records. New York: Bantam Books, 1979.
Monkhouse, F. J. A Dictionary of Geography. London: Edward Arnold (Publishers! Ltd., 1965.
Murray, James A. H., ed. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, Vol. H—K. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901.
Noel, Ruth. The Languages of Middle-Earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1980.
Noel, Ruth. The Mythology of Middle-Earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1977.
Raisz, Erwin. Principles of Cartography. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1962.
Riley, Charles M. Our Mineral Resources. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959.
Robinson, Arthur H., and Randall D. Sale. Elements of Cartography, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969.
Stamp, Sir Dudley. A Glossary of Geographical Terms. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961.
Strahler, Arthur N. Physical Geography, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., i960.
Thornbury, Wm. D. Principles of Geomorphology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1958.
Tolkien, J. R. R. The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1978.
—. The Fellowship of the Ring. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co., 1965.
Tolkien, J. R. R. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. I: The Book of Lost Tales, Part One. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1983.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. II: The Book of
Lost Tales, Part Two. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1984.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. Ill:
The Lays of
Beleriand. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1985.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. IV: The Shaping
of Middle-earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1986.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. V: The Lost Road.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. VI: The Return
of the Shadow. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1988.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. VII: The Treason
of Isengard. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1989.
—. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. VIII: The War of
the Ring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1990.
—. The Hobbit. Collector’s Edition. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co., 1966.
—. The Hobbit. Revised Edition. New York: Ballantine
Books, 1966.
—. Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1979.
—. The Return of the King. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965.
—. The Silmarillion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1977
—. Tree and Leaf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965.
—. The Two Towers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965.
—. Unfinished Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1980.
—. and Donald Swann. The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1978.
Trewartha, Glenn. An Introduction to Climate, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1968.
Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam Co., Pub., 1965.
Whybrow, Charles. Antiquary’s Exmoor: Microstudy C1. Dulverton, Somerset: The Exmoor Papers, 1970.
Periodicals
Cahill, Tim. “Charting the Splendors of Lechuguilla Cave.” National Geographic, vol. 179, no. 3 (March 1991), 34–59.
Goodknight, Glen. “A Comparison of Cosmological Geography in the Works of J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Charles Williams.” Mythlore, vol. 1, no. 3 (July 1969), 18–22.