Book Read Free

American Eclipse

Page 35

by David Baron


  Gilded Age, 34

  Gilded Age, The (Twain and Warner), 11

  Glenmont (Edison estate), 229

  Grand Central Hotel, 121

  Grand Pacific Hotel, 109

  Grand Trunk Railroad, 15

  Grant, Ulysses S., 9, 153

  Grays Peak, 196

  Great Britain, see England

  Great Depression, 229

  Great Disappointment, 2

  Great Divide Basin, 105, 133, 169

  Great Lakes, 98, 152

  Griffin, Stockton, 226

  gypsy moths, 134

  Halley, Edmond, 46, 47

  Halley’s Comet, 46, 47

  Hamilton College, 30, 31, 72, 75

  Hancock, John, 54

  Harkness, William, 133–36, 167, 169, 184

  Harpers Ferry, Va., 99

  Harper’s Weekly, iv, 11

  Harrison, Cora, 87, 128, 176, 192

  Harvard College Observatory, 134

  Harvard University, 54, 55, 79, 235

  Hastings-on-the-Hudson, N.Y., 77

  Hawthorne, Julian, 38

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 38

  Hayden, Ferdinand V., 61

  Hayes, Lucy Webb, 65

  Hayes, Rutherford B., 49, 65

  Heath, Lillian, 115, 117–18

  Hecate (asteroid), 31

  Helena (asteroid), 31, 142

  helium, 53, 56, 138, 139

  Henry, Joseph, 13, 17, 28, 61–62, 62, 67, 80–81, 152

  henry (unit of measurement), 17

  Henry Draper Memorial, 235

  Hera (asteroid), 31

  Herodotus, 4

  Herschel, Caroline, 200

  Herschel, William, 200

  Hertz, Heinrich, 24

  Hess, Fred, 82, 144, 230

  high-altitude cerebral edema, 163–64

  Hill, George W., 49

  Holden, Edward, 181, 219

  “Homes of Single Women” (Anthony), 131

  Hoover, Herbert, 229

  hotel cars, 108

  House of Representatives, U.S., Committee on Appropriations of, 58

  Howe, Julia Ward, 35, 84

  Hoyt, John W., 185

  Hughes, David, 97

  Huron River, 28

  Huxley, Thomas Henry, 17–18

  hydrogen, 53, 138

  Idaho, 78

  incandescent lamps, 205, 221–28, 231–32

  India, 139, 145

  Indians (American), 34, 78, 94, 95, 107, 115–16, 131

  Indian Territory, 107

  Indonesia, 237

  infrared rays, 68

  infrared telescopes, 202

  International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine, see Centennial Exhibition

  International Exposition of Electricity, 226–28, 227

  Inter-Ocean Hotel, 120

  Iowa, University of, 142

  Irving Hall, 89–91

  Italy, 53

  Jackson, Helen Hunt, 131

  James Craig Watson Medal, 220, 235, 236

  Janssen, Jules, 53, 210

  Jesus Christ, 2

  “John Brown’s Body,” 84

  Johns Hopkins University, 17, 79, 106–7

  Johnson County, Tex., 2–4, 197

  Judgment Day, 1–2

  Juewa (asteroid), 146

  Jupiter, 29, 48, 134, 145

  Kansas City, Mo., 127

  Kansas Pacific Railway, 121

  Kelvin, Lord, see Thomson, William

  Kendall, Phebe Mitchell, 87–88, 126

  Lake House, 173, 177, 194

  Langley, John W., 160, 163, 172, 195

  Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 68, 68, 89, 96, 159–64, 167, 172, 195, 232

  Laramie Daily Sentinel, 145

  latitude, 135

  Lawrence Street Methodist Church, 199

  Leadville, Colo., 128

  Lehmann, R. C., 143, 145, 170, 184

  Le Verrier, Urbain, 73, 74, 75, 77

  Library of Congress, xii

  Lindsay, James Ludovic, 56

  Little Bighorn, 9

  Lockyer, J. Norman, 53, 56, 57, 139–41, 139, 143, 144, 144, 145, 148–49, 169–70, 184, 198, 210, 225, 230, 234, 237

  reputation of, 140

  Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 22

  longitude, 135–36

  Longs Peak, 179, 191

  Louisiana, 202

  Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor, 4

  Low’s Opera House, 211

  Lydians, 4

  lynching, 116–18

  Machebeuf, Joseph Projectus, 129, 132, 193, 193

  McVicker’s Theater, 208

  Madison, Wis., 214, 219

  magnetism, 23

  Maine, Gulf of, 54

  Manifest Destiny, 11, 207

  Manitoba, 55

  Mars, 29, 48, 124, 192

  Marsh, Cornelia Woods, 87, 127

  Marsh, Othniel C., 61, 65, 203

  Massachusetts, 54

  Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, 213

  Matthew, Book of, 2

  Maxwell, James Clerk, 140

  Medes, 4

  medical colleges, 87

  Medicine Bows (mountains), 111

  Meeker, Josephine, 116, 130

  Meeker, Nathan, 115–16, 130

  Meeker Massacre, 115–16

  Menlo Park, N.J., 19–26, 19, 20, 21, 67, 76, 91, 95, 110, 122, 203, 229

  Mercury, 29, 74, 124, 168, 192

  orbit of, 72, 75, 220

  perihelion of, 72, 77

  transit of, 70–79, 76, 98, 173, 184

  meteorology, 151–53, 157

  forecasts in, 155

  meteor showers, 86, 209

  Michigan, University of, 12–13, 31, 38, 70, 153–54, 160, 214

  Detroit Observatory of, 27–28, 27, 29, 70, 74

  Michigan State Normal School, 141

  micrometer, 41

  microphone, 97

  millenarianism, 1–2

  Miller, Ephraim, 2–4, 5, 6, 197

  Miller, William, 1–2

  Miriam (asteroid), 31–32

  Mississippi, 202

  Mitchell, Maria, 35–36, 36, 48, 50, 51–52, 62, 73, 75, 79, 80–81, 133, 134, 154, 167, 199, 208, 213, 233, 235–36

  Avery and, 130

  childhood and education of, 37

  comet discovered by, 36

  death of, 213

  in Denver, 128–29, 131–32, 171, 176, 192–93, 196, 199–200, 200

  dome party of, 83–85

  and eclipse of 1869, 56, 86, 122, 158

  European tour of, 38

  faculty housing not supplied to, 38

  in journey to Denver, 126–28

  lightning phobia of, 150

  luggage loss of, 132

  luggage retrieved by, 150

  Navy employment of, 36–37, 48

  observation post of, 171

  participation in scientific undertakings denied to, 81–83

  as professor, 85–86

  shyness of, 40

  sister of, see Kendall, Phebe Mitchell

  team for 1878 eclipse assembled by, 86–88

  and transit of Mercury, 75

  and transit of Venus, 81

  Vassar professorship of, 37, 38–39

  at Woman’s Congress in Philadelphia, 35, 40–41

  at Woman’s Congress in Providence, 211–12

  on women in science, 35, 40–41

  on women’s education, 39

  Monroe, James, 155

  Montana Territory, 9, 78, 180

  Moody, Dwight, 2

  moon, 50, 53, 132, 182, 211, 212

  orbit of, 47, 135, 168

  Morse, Samuel, 67

  Morton, Henry, 99, 101, 111, 112, 114, 144, 180, 225, 228, 230

  Munich, 237

  Myer, Albert J., 152–53, 153, 155, 156–59, 160, 164, 167, 177, 195, 209–10

  Myrtle Bower, 113

  Nantucket, Mass., 37, 48, 171, 213

  National Academy of
Sciences, 61–63, 70, 80, 202, 220, 228, 235

  lack of women in, 62

  National Mall, 60

  Nature, 18, 46–47, 140, 148, 198, 210, 215, 234

  Nautical Almanac, 36, 48–49, 54–55, 81, 135, 168, 173

  Naval Observatory, U.S., 36, 49, 57–58, 70, 72, 77, 78, 81, 82, 133, 136, 157, 185, 195, 209, 215, 219, 237

  Great Equatorial telescope of, 57, 134

  navigation, 36

  Navy, U.S., 36

  Nautical Almanac Office of, 36, 48–49, 54–55, 81, 135, 168, 173

  Nebraska, 110

  “Need of Women in Science, The” (Mitchell), 41, 235

  Neptune, discovery of, 73

  Newark, N.J., 15, 19

  Newcomb, Mrs., 141, 202

  Newcomb, Simon, 17, 31, 47–48, 47, 49–51, 56–57, 60–61, 62, 72, 73, 74, 82, 98, 100, 106, 107, 124, 135, 139–40, 141, 154, 167, 176, 180–81, 185, 185, 189, 202, 208, 215–16, 233–35

  eclipse camp of, 137–38, 170, 184

  and eclipse of 1860, 54–55, 55

  and eclipse of 1869, 56, 158, 186

  and eclipse of 1870, 141

  Nautical Almanac Office and, 48–49

  Newton, Isaac, 22, 47, 48, 51, 220

  New York, N.Y., 20, 89, 93, 174, 228

  New York Herald, 24, 91, 95, 99–100, 112–13, 137, 147, 167, 174, 180, 186, 187, 201, 202, 224

  New York State, 5–6, 228

  unemployment in, 9

  New York Times, 66–67, 71, 201, 229

  New-York Tribune, 13, 24, 59, 71, 91, 140–41, 227

  North, Edward, 76

  North American (Philadelphia), 34

  North Carolina, 56

  northeaster, 151–52

  Norway, 187

  nuclear fusion, 209

  Oakes, John Wright, 140

  Oklahoma, 107

  Omaha, Nebr., 110

  Omohundro, John B. “Texas Jack,” 34, 94–95, 94, 107, 109, 113

  orbits, calculation of, 48, 73, 86

  Orion Nebula, 134

  Palace of Industry, Paris, 226, 227

  Panic of 1873, 9, 39

  Paris, 53, 221, 226–28, 227

  Paris Observatory, 38, 73

  Parrott, “Big Nose George,” 116–18

  path of totality, xiv-xv, 46–47, 49–50, 50, 52, 54–55, 56, 57, 86, 105, 121, 135, 158, 168, 173, 211, 236, 237

  Peking, 142, 146

  Pennsylvania, University of, 22–23

  Pennsylvania Railroad, 82, 101

  Penrose, Francis Crammer, 179, 191

  penumbra, 179

  Percy, Wyo., 111–12

  perihelion, 72, 74, 77

  Peters, Christian Heinrich Friedrich, 29–33, 30, 56, 61, 70, 78, 199, 215–16, 219

  personality of, 31–32

  and transit of Mercury, 75–76

  and transit of Venus, 81

  on Vulcan, 72, 74, 77, 216–17

  Philadelphia, Pa., 34–35, 40, 211

  Centennial Exhibition in, 9–18, 227

  Philadelphia Inquirer, 34, 112, 167

  phonograph, 63–65, 64, 67, 68, 69, 93–94, 97, 99

  early responses to, 64

  promotion of, 93–95

  phonomotor, 92–93, 92, 95, 96, 223

  photoheliograph, 74–75

  photometer, 195

  phototelespectroscope, 187

  Pikes Peak, 111, 158–64, 160, 162, 172–73, 177, 179, 180, 190, 193–94, 194, 195, 196, 209, 210, 232

  signal station on the summit of, 159, 161

  Pittsburgh, Pa., 68, 106–7

  Pius XI, Pope, 229

  planets, 28–29

  calculation of orbits of, 48, 73, 86

  defining of, 29

  major vs. minor, 29

  see also asteroids

  Platte River, 110

  Poe, Edgar Allan, 22

  polariscope, 136

  Pollux, 124

  Popular Astronomy (Newcomb), 50–51, 82

  Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 37, 75, 80

  Press (Philadelphia), 34, 100

  Princeton College, 22, 79, 96, 121–23, 126, 142, 150, 179, 183, 191

  prisms, 51

  probabilities (weather forecasts), 155

  Procyon, 124

  prominences, solar, 51, 53, 56, 125, 136, 168, 187, 195

  protuberances, solar, see prominences solar

  Providence, R.I., 80, 211

  pseudoscience, 93

  Psyche, H.M.S., 53, 54

  Pueblo, Colo., 128, 132

  Pullman Palace Car Company, 107–9, 108

  quadruplex telegraph, 15–16, 25, 226

  radio waves, 24

  Rae, W. Fraser, 142–43, 144, 230

  Railroad Hotel, 112, 113, 137, 141, 142

  railroads, 11, 120

  transcontinental, 105

  wars between, 128

  women on, 127

  Ramona (Jackson), 131

  Ranyard, Arthur Cowper, 123, 179–80, 191–92, 191

  Rawlins, Wyo., 112–16, 112, 120, 126, 137, 139, 141–49, 144, 158, 169, 173, 175, 179, 180, 184, 187, 201, 202, 230

  lynching in, 116–18

  “Rawlins Red” (paint), 114

  Reconstruction, 32, 207

  Redpath, James, 94

  Regulus, 124

  Reign of Shoddy, 11

  relativity, general theory of, 219–20

  Revolutionary War, 54

  right ascension, 146

  Robinson, Otis H., 133–34, 136

  Rochester, University of, 134

  Rocky Mountain News, 41, 100, 124, 125, 126, 199

  Rodgers, John, 57–58, 78–79, 82, 157, 209

  Rome, 38

  Royal Institution, 23

  Royal Society, 61

  Rubin, Vera, 235–36

  Russia, 53, 154

  St. Joseph’s Home, 171

  St. Louis, Mo., 202, 212

  St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 197

  St. Petersburg, 154

  San Francisco Chronicle, 100

  saros, 45, 237–38

  Saturn, 48, 86, 134, 145

  Sawyer, William, 24–25

  Science, 224, 234

  Scientific American, 25, 64, 86, 202

  séances, 93

  Second Coming, 1–2

  Senate, U.S., 59

  Seneca Falls Convention, 86

  Separation, Wyo., 137, 138, 141, 169–70, 175–76, 180, 184–86, 185, 187–88, 189

  setting circles, 146–47

  Sex in Education; or, A Fair Chance for Girls (Clarke), 39–40, 212–13

  sextant, 135

  shadow bands, 181, 181

  sharecropping, 2

  Sherman, William Tecumseh, 106

  shooting stars, 86, 209

  Shoshone-Bannocks, 78

  Siam, 169

  Sibylla (asteroid), 28, 32

  Sicily, 53, 54, 133, 139, 191, 210, 237

  Sierra Madre Mountains, 231

  Signal Corps, see Army Signal Corps, U.S.

  Signal Service, see Army Signal Service, U.S.

  silkworms, 134

  Silvis, J. B., 143, 143, 144, 170, 230

  Sioux Indians, 9, 115

  Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth, 171, 193, 212

  Sitting Bull, 34

  Skinner, A. N., 105–6

  slavery, 2–3, 40, 131

  Smith, Mary Rose, 177, 179, 190

  Smithsonian Institution, 28, 60–61, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 80–81, 114, 152

  Smyth, C. Piazzi, 133, 184, 210

  Solid Muldoon, 93

  South Platte River, 120

  spectroscopes, 41, 51–52, 52, 53, 56, 122, 136, 137, 185, 187, 195

  Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 86, 129, 131

  Stanton, Harriot, 86–87

  Stevens Institute of Technology, 99

  stock ticker, 15

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 131

  sun, 50–51, 53, 58, 74, 109, 140, 168, 209

  chemical makeup of, 53, 56, 136, 138

>   corona of, see corona, solar

  Draper’s claim of oxygen in, 140, 145

  Mercury’s transit of, 70–79

  prominences of, see prominences, solar

  Sun (New York), 97, 128, 167, 199, 222

  sunspots, 73, 85

  Swift, Lewis, 214–15, 216

  Swing, David, 208

  Talbot, Daniel Hector, 142, 144, 170, 185, 198, 230

  tasimeter, 89–91, 96–97, 97, 99–100, 101, 109–10, 122, 126, 137, 147–48, 159, 168, 169, 180, 186–87, 188, 191, 195, 201–3, 210, 223, 224, 226, 231, 232, 233

  deficiencies of, 223

  naming of, 91

  sensitivity of, 90–91, 96, 223

  Tasmania, 133

  Tecumseh, 4

  telegraph, 11, 24

  automatic, 16

  Henry’s contribution to, 67

  quadruplex, 15–16, 25, 226

  storm warnings by, 152–53

  time signals by, 136

  Telegrapher, 25–26

  telephone, 13–14, 23, 27, 67

  carbon “buttons” used in, 66

  of Edison, 23, 65–66, 68–69, 90, 95, 97, 226

  standard greeting for, 66

  telephonoscope, 92, 96

  telescopes, 134

  borrowed by Edison, 76, 95

  borrowed by Watson, 141

  at Detroit Observatory, 28

  infrared, 202

  Mitchell’s, lost by railroad, 132

  Mitchell’s, used to discover 1847 comet, 171

  at Naval Observatory, U.S., 57, 57, 134

  setting circles for, 146–47

  at Vassar College, 83

  Teller House Hotel, 181

  Tenskwatawa (Shawnee prophet), 4

  Texas, 5

  1878 eclipse in, 2–4, 197

  winter of 1878 in, 1

  “Texas Jack,” see Omohundro, John B. “Texas Jack”

  thermopile, 68

  Theta Cancri, 188

  Thomson, William, 13–14, 22, 66

  Thornburgh, Thomas Tipton, 115, 123, 202, 231

  death of, 116, 116

  Times (London), 236

  time zones, 135

  Tocqueville, Alexis de, 207–8

  Tongzhi, Emperor of China, 146

  trade, global, 36

  transits:

  of Mercury, 70–79, 76, 98, 173, 184

  of Venus, 81, 133, 142, 146

  Trapper’s Daughter, The; or, Perils of the Frontier (melodrama), 94

  Trinity River, 3

  Trouvelot, Étienne Léopold, 134, 135, 169

  Twain, Mark, 11, 151

  Tyndall, John, 53

  umbraphiles, xi–xii

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 131

  Union Pacific Railroad, 105, 110, 111, 111, 112, 114, 116, 133, 143, 175, 184

  robbery on, 111–12

  United States:

  effect of eclipse on, 208–9

  European disdain for, 16–17

  European praise for, 210

  first organized eclipse expedition, 54

  industrialization of, 11, 32, 207

  scientific progress in, 17, 233–34

  Uranus, 73, 200

  Utah, 129

  Ute Reservation, 115–16

  Utes, 116, 123, 130, 161

  Vassar, Matthew, 37

 

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