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Political Tribes

Page 28

by Amy Chua


  of “majoritarian pigs”: Ta-Nehisi Coates, “Blue Lives Matter,” Atlantic, December 22, 2014.

  “questioned whether Barack Obama”: Toni Morrison, “Making America White Again,” New Yorker, November 21, 2016.

  “traditional to destroy”: Coates, “Letter to My Son.”

  Epilogue

  “human beings first”: Carolyn Bostick, “In Era of Division, Interfaith Coalition Promotes Unity,” Observer-Dispatch, February 4, 2017, http://www.uticaod.com/news/20170204/in-era-of-division-interfaith-coalition-promotes-unity.

  “Make America Relate”: “Make America Relate Again Northwestern NJ,” January 28, 2017, https://www.meetup.com/Make-America-Relate-Again-Northwestern-NJ.

  Silicon Valley’s Ro Khanna: Nitasha Tiku, “Silicon Valley Rebrands Itself as Good for the Rest of America,” Wired, May 15, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/05/silicon-valley-rebrands-good-rest-america.

  Van Jones . . . “Help me understand”: “Van Jones Sits Down with Trump Supporters,” CNN, December 6, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2016/12/06/exp-van-jones-special-cnntv.cnn.

  comedian W. Kamau Bell: Alex Cipolle, “Comedian W. Kamau Bell Reaches Across the Aisle,” Register-Guard, May 19, 2017, http://register guard.com/rg/entertainment/35571393-67/comedian-w.-kamau-bell-reaches-across-the-aisle.csp.

  University of Minnesota . . . “the divisions”: “Call for Applications: Cross-Country Reporting Fellowship ‘Crossing the Divide,’” April 25, 2017, https://cla.umn.edu/sjmc/news-events/news/call-applications-cross-country-reporting-fellowship-crossing-divide.

  “closed to compromise”: Charles M. Blow, “The Death of Compassion,” New York Times, February 23, 2017.

  tremendous progress can be made: See, e.g., Thomas F. Pettigrew and Linda R. Tropp, “A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90, no. 5 (2006): 766.

  The Nature of Prejudice: Gordon W. Allport, The Nature of Prejudice (Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1954).

  face-to-face contact: See Pettigrew and Tropp, “A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory,” 751–83.

  England to Italy to Sri Lanka: See Nico Schulenkorf, “Sport Events and Ethnic Reconciliation: Attempting to Create Social Change Between Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim Sportspeople in War-Torn Sri Lanka,” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 45, no. 3 (2010): 273; Dora Capozza, Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, and Rossella Falvo, “Intergroup Contact and Outgroup Humanization: Is the Causal Relationship Uni- or Bidirectional?,” PLOS One 12, no. 1 (2017), 1–3; Katharina Schmid, Ananthi Al Ramiah, and Miles Hewstone, “Neighborhood Ethnic Diversity and Trust: The Role of Intergroup Contact and Perceived Threat,” Psychological Science 25, no. 3 (2014): 665–74.

  all forms of group prejudice: Pettigrew and Tropp, “A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory,” 751–83.

  nearly two thirds: Gregory M. Herek, “Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S. Military: Historical Background,” Sexual Orientation: Science, Education, and Policy, University of California, Davis, accessed August 7, 2017, http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/military_history.html.

  Internal opposition was: Jim Garamone, “Historian Charts Six Decades of Racial Integration in U.S. Military,” American Forces Press Service, U.S. Department of Defense, July 23, 2008, http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=50560.

  “cooperation in integrated units”: Herek, “Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S. Military.”

  “When your life”: Garamone, “Historian Charts Six Decades of Racial Integration in U.S. Military.”

  “an 18-year old Hispanic”: Karl Marlantes, “Vietnam: The War That Killed Trust,” New York Times, January 7, 2017.

  opinions about same-sex marriage: Todd Venook, “The Group Instinct and the Modern American Moment,” March 3, 2017 (on file with author).

  just 11 percent: Scott Clement, “Gay Marriage’s Road to Popularity, in 5 Charts,” Washington Post, April 28, 2015.

  today, 62 percent: “Changing Attitudes on Gay Marriage,” Pew Research Center, June 26, 2017, http://www.pewforum.org/fact-sheet/changing-attitudes-on-gay-marriage.

  “a friend, relative, or coworker”: Jeffrey M. Jones, “More Americans See Gay, Lesbian Orientation as Birth Factor,” Gallup, May 16, 2013, http://www.gallup.com/poll/162569/americans-gay-lesbian-orientation-birth-factor.aspx.

  “Once [gay] people began”: Marcia Coyle, “Justice Ginsburg Laments ‘Real Racial Problem’ in U.S.; Discusses Major Rulings, Law Schools in Sweeping Q&A,” National Law Journal, August 22, 2014.

  One study by Harvard professor: Ryan D. Enos, “How the Demographic Shift Could Hurt Democrats, Too,” Washington Post, March 8, 2013.

  negative interactions with people: Stefania Paolini, Jake Harwood, and Mark Rubin, “Negative Intergroup Contact Makes Group Memberships Salient: Explaining Why Intergroup Conflict Endures,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 12 (2010): 1723.

  “[H]umility is a mediator”: Humans of New York (May 18, 2015), http://www.humansofnewyork.com/post/119284859436/my-daughters-greatest-quality-is-her-humility.

  “THEY CAME TO”: See Giovanni Sanchez, “Crying Wolf: How Liberal Elite Outrage Is Undermining the Left’s Goals” (February 7, 2017, on file with author) (quoting meme posted on Facebook).

  “‘WHITE WORKING CLASS’”: Kirsten West Savali, “‘White Working Class’ Narrative Is Nothing but a Racist Dog Whistle,” The Root, November 17, 2016, http://www.theroot.com/white-working-class-narrative-is-nothing-but-a-racist-1790857771.

  “America is neither”: “America: Land of the Oppressed, Home of the Cowards,” Opposingviews, May 26, 2010, http://www.opposingviews.com/i/america-land-of-the-oppressed-home-of-the-cowards.

  “a nation founded on”: Tiffany Gabbay, “Michael Moore: U.S. Was ‘Founded on Genocide and Built on the Backs of Slaves,’” The Blaze, January 20, 2012, http://www.theblaze.com/news/2012/01/20/michael-moore-u-s-was-founded-on-genocide-and-built-on-the-backs-of-slaves.

  “Unlike any nation”: Toni Morrison, “Making America White Again,” New Yorker, November 21, 2016.

  The peril we face: This insight and way of putting it is from Yasin Hegazy, “Achieving Our Country: James Baldwin’s Prophetic Model of America’s Post-Racial Identity” (draft of May 2017, on file with author).

  “Walter helped us”: Sanchez, “Crying Wolf,” 5.

  “a critical paradox”: Ibid., 12.

  “the countless iterations”: Ibid., 13.

  “collection of myths”: James Baldwin, “The Fire Next Time,” in Collected Essays (New York: Library of America, 1998), 294, 344, 347.

  “standing up for”: Eric J. Sundquist, “King’s Dream,” New York Times, January 16, 2009.

  “[A]s much as”: President Barack Obama, “Remarks at a Church Service Honoring Martin Luther King Jr.,” Vermont Avenue Baptist Church, Washington, DC, January 17, 2010, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=87399.

  Failures are part and parcel: Many thanks to Yena Lee for her insights and eloquent words.

  “Let America be the dream”: Langston Hughes, “Let America be America Again,” in The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, ed. Arnold Rampersad and David Roessel (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 189–91.

  Index

  The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.

  Abbas, Hassan, 71

  affirmative action, 169, 171, 180

  Afghanistan, 76, 105, 108, 115

  group identities in, 60–61

  and Pakistan, 61–63, 65, 69–70

  Pashtuns of, 60–65, 67–74

  radical Islam in, 61

  and Soviet Union, 63–68
<
br />   Taliban in, 59–60, 66–74, 97

  terrorism in, 73–74

  United States in, 16, 59–60, 65–66, 71–74

  Africa, 18, 35, 40, 47, 112, 116, 119, 121, 123–26, 130, 132, 168

  African Americans, 31–32, 148, 166, 198

  become majority, 193

  and civil rights movement, 141, 208

  at elite colleges, 29, 177

  and Obama presidency, 21–22

  and prosperity gospel, 4, 153–55

  as “sovereign citizens,” 144

  See also blacks

  al-Abadi, Haider, 94

  Al Anbar Province, Iraq, 84, 86, 88

  al-Askari shrine/mosque, 83, 88

  al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 111, 114

  al-Gharib, Abu Usama, 109

  al-Kasasbeh, Moaz, 111

  al-Maliki, Nouri, 92–94

  al-Nasr, Ahlam, 109–11

  al-Qaeda, 66, 70, 74, 81, 87–88, 91, 93–94, 113–15

  al-Zarqawi, Abu Masab, 83, 94

  Alabama, 158, 168, 198

  Alexander, Michelle, 174

  Allen, John, 88

  Allport, Gordon W., 198–99

  American Conservative, 189–90

  American Dream, 138–39, 149, 203, 208–9

  Amerindian, 121, 130, 132

  See also indigenous-blooded masses

  anti-Americanism, 3, 91, 96, 118

  antiestablishment, 5, 12–13, 138, 149

  Arabs, 20, 78–80, 85, 94, 105–6, 123

  Argentina, 27, 123

  Asch, Solomon, 102–4

  Asia, 28, 46, 53, 187–88

  Asian Americans, 9, 11, 17–18, 30, 166–67, 181, 187–88, 191, 193

  Assad, President, 109

  assimilation, 20, 23–25

  Atlantic, 10, 170, 192

  Atran, Scott, 115

  Australia, 20, 27

  authoritarianism, 2, 75, 95, 189

  Avanzini, John, 154

  Aylwin Foster, Nigel, 89

  Aziz, Omer, 175

  Baathists, 3, 78–79, 81–82, 91–93

  Baghdad, Iraq, 76, 78, 82, 84, 88–91, 95

  Baldwin, James, 207–8

  Bangladesh, 63

  Bannon, Steve, 188–89, 193

  Barthes, Roland, 159

  Basra, Iraq, 76

  Belgians/Belgium, 26, 105, 107–9

  Believer’s Voice of Victory, 154

  Belkacem, Fouad, 107

  Bell, W. Kamau, 198

  Bennett, Brit, 9

  Beyoncé, 32, 173, 186

  Billboard, 31

  bin Laden, Osama, 59, 66, 70, 94, 111, 113–14

  Black Lives Matter, 173–74, 186, 196, 202

  blacks, 18, 171, 181, 191, 194–95, 206

  and American Dream, 138–39

  blame whites, 189

  discrimination against, 8–9, 17–18, 170, 196

  disenfranchised, 168–69, 174–75

  radical movements of, 178

  and tribal instincts, 105

  and upward mobility, 173

  in Venezuela, 124–26, 128, 132

  and WWE, 160

  See also African Americans; slaves/slavery

  Blessed (Bowler), 154–55

  Bloom, Paul, 40

  Blow, Charles, 198

  Bolívar, Simón, 128

  Bolivia, 47, 97, 123, 132

  Bontinck, Jejoen, 107–8

  Bosnians, 77, 197

  Bowler, Kate, 154–55

  Brazil, 27, 133

  Breaking Bad, 151

  Brezhnev, Leonid, 64

  Brooks, Nycki, 90

  Brown v. Board of Education, 28, 169

  “browning” of America, 8, 166–69

  See also United States, “browning of”

  Brussels, 26

  Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 64

  Burns, Mark, 153

  Bush, George W.

  on freedom/democracy, 3, 7, 75–76, 82, 128–29

  and Hugo Chávez, 117, 128–29

  and Iraq, 3, 75–76, 81–82, 84, 115

  Bush, Jeb, 188

  Byerley, Melinda, 163

  California, 17, 150–51, 160, 167, 181

  Cambodians, 18, 149

  Cameron, David, 25

  Canada/Canadians, 20, 27–28, 30, 105

  Cao Ky, Nguyen, 46

  capitalism, 2, 27, 50–52, 55–56, 63, 95, 120, 138, 180–81

  Caribbean, 47

  Carmichael, Stokely, 178

  Carmona, Pedro, 129

  Carnes, Nick, 172

  Carter, Jimmy, 64

  castes/castas, 15, 122–23

  Castro, Fidel, 120

  Catholics, 31, 51, 77, 150

  Charlottesville, Virginia, 188

  Chávez, Hugo, 12–13, 117–20, 125–35, 138

  Chechnya, 108

  Cheney, Dick, 73, 76

  Chesnut, Andrew, 150–51

  Chi Minh, Ho, 45–46, 50–51, 55

  Chicago Tribune, 129

  Chile, 123

  China, 109, 117, 133

  dominates Vietnam, 42–57

  as ethnic nation, 11, 22, 42

  and Han Chinese, 22, 42

  See also Vietnam: Chinese in

  Chinese Americans, 30. See also Asian Americans

  Cholon, Vietnam, 48, 51–53, 56

  Christians, 4, 9, 22–23, 78, 116, 127, 153–54, 172–73, 188, 197, 203–4

  CIA, 71, 76

  Cikara, Mina, 40–41

  citizenship, 11, 1726–28. See also sovereign citizens

  City University of New York (CUNY) study, 139–40

  Civil Rights Act of 1964, 27–28, 169, 178

  civil rights movement, 12, 141, 208

  Civil War, 12, 27–28, 37, 168, 195

  Clash of Civilizations, The (Huntington), 187

  class, 4–6, 126–27, 130–31, 142–44, 148–49, 158, 190

  Clinton, Bill, 7, 167–68, 176, 181

  Clinton, Hillary, 132, 183

  CNN, 73, 160, 198

  Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 80–81, 88–89

  Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 174, 196

  Cockburn, Patrick, 94

  Cold War, 2, 16, 38, 44–45, 50, 60, 63, 65–66, 70, 74, 96, 120

  Cole, Teju, 143

  Coll, Steve, 69

  Collins, Gail, 160

  colonialism, 16, 34, 38, 43, 47, 49, 62, 97, 121. See also Great Britain: colonialism of

  Coming Apart (Murray), 143

  communism, 2, 13, 22, 38, 46, 50–51, 53, 56–57, 63–65, 69–70, 95, 120

  Confucianism, 43–44

  Connecticut, 172

  conservatives, 9–10, 80, 102, 109, 170, 172, 176, 179–80, 187, 190, 194, 201. See also Republicans; right, the

  constitution, 23, 75

  of Iraq, 80, 94

  in United States, 27–28, 165, 178, 194–95, 203, 207

  in Venezuela, 126

  corporate world, 29, 48, 140, 145–46, 156–57, 172

  Coulter, Ann, 163

  Crane, Conrad, 199

  Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 183–84

  Croats, 47, 77, 97

  Crook, Clive, 25–26

  Crooke, Catherine, 182

  Cuba/Cubans, 30, 32, 135

  cultural

  appropriation, 10, 185–87

  customs, 22–26, 67–68, 85

  divides, 158–64, 173

  identity, 22–25, 67–68, 85, 158

  movements, 177

  culture wars, 31–32, 173

  Czechoslovakia/Czechs, 27, 64

  Delgado,
Ray, 199–200

  democracy, 2, 12, 20–21

  and free markets, 95–96

  and group conflict, 7, 34, 97, 135

  in Iraq, 3, 75, 79–83, 92–97

  post-WWII, 75–77

  threats to, 140

  and tribal politics, 92–97

  in United States, 95, 164, 177, 208

  in Venezuela, 13, 120, 126, 128–31, 133, 135

  in Yugoslavia, 77–78

  Democrats, 95, 102, 171, 176–77, 181, 189, 201

  dictators, 65, 77–78, 85, 97, 120, 131. See also specific names

  Dollar, Creflo, 153–55

  Dostum, Abdul Rashid, 71–72

  drug trafficking, 67, 135, 149–51

  Duke, David, 181, 188

  Durand Line, 61–62

  Durrani, Ahmad Shah, 61, 69

  East Africa, 47

  East Asia, 11, 22, 188

  economic issues, 46–52, 130, 138, 140, 144

  education, 26, 31, 47,

  and political activists, 140, 142

  and the poor, 152, 171

  and terrorists, 94, 112

  in United States, 27–29, 101–02, 189–90

  See also elites: and U.S. colleges; specific universities

  Egypt, 106–7, 113

  elites, 26, 42, 47, 63, 78

  in United States, 3–7, 12, 137–39, 144, 152–53, 155, 158–60, 163–64, 177, 206

  and U.S. colleges, 171–72, 202

  in Venezuela, 12–13, 119, 121, 123–35

  in Vietnam, 43, 49, 51

  Ellick, Michael, 142

  Elouassaki, Houssien, 108

  “End of White America?, The” (Hsu), 192

  Enlightenment, 7–8

  Enos, Ryan, 201

  entertainment industry, 31–32, 151, 173, 186, 196

  equality/equal rights, 7–8, 20–21, 23, 178–80, 183, 186, 201

  ethnic

  cleansing, 48, 55–57, 77, 193

  conflicts, 2–3, 34–35, 38, 50–57, 60, 63, 65, 71–72, 74, 77, 79, 96–97

  differences, 15–16, 18

  divides, 2–3, 7, 20, 34–35, 48, 82, 85, 96, 112, 163, 197–98

  exclusion, 21, 27, 50, 152

  identity, 1, 12, 17–18, 20, 67, 70–72, 82, 97, 149, 191

  nations, 11, 22–23, 42, 44

  subgroups, 11–12, 23–24, 32, 90

  ethnicity, 2–3, 26, 38–42, 70–71, 126, 130, 199

  ethnonationalism, 12–13, 44, 55, 57, 70–71, 95–97, 118, 126–27, 132,192–96

 

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