Bernard Schwartz, “Felix Frankfurter and Earl Warren: A Study of a Deteriorating Relationship,” Supreme Court Review, vol. 1980 (1980), pp. 115-42.
Bernard Schwartz, Super Chief: Earl Warren and His Supreme Court (New York University Press, 1983).
Bernard Schwartz, ed., The Warren Court: A Retrospective (Oxford University Press, 1996).
Martin Shapiro, Law and Politics in the Supreme Court (Free Press of Glencoe, 1964).
Kate Stith, “Byron R. White: The Last of the New Deal Liberals,” Yale Law Journal, vol. 103, no. 1 (October 1993), pp. 19-35.
William F. Swindler, Court and Constitution in the Twentieth Century: The New Legality, 1932-1968 (Bobbs-Merrill, 1970).
Dennis L. Thompson, “The Kennedy Court: Left and Right of Center,” Western Political Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 2 (June 1973), pp. 263-79.
Mark Tushnet, ed., The Warren Court in Historical and Political Perspective (University Press of Virginia, 1993).
Melvin I. Urofsky, The Warren Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy (ABC-CLIO, 2001).
Earl Warren, Memoirs (Doubleday, 1977).
Herbert Wechsler, “The Courts and the Constitution,” Columbia Law Review, vol. 65, no. 6 (June 1965), pp. 1001-14.
Stephen J. Wermiel, “The Nomination of Justice Brennan: Eisenhower’s Mistake?,” Constitutional Commentary, vol. 11, no. 3 (Winter 1994), pp. 515-37.
Alan F. Westin, “Liberals and the Supreme Court: Making Peace with the ‘Nine Old Men,’ ” Commentary, vol. 22, no. 1 (July 1956), pp. 20-26.
William M. Wiecek, The Birth of the Modern Constitution: The United States Supreme Court, 1941-1953, vol. 12 of History of the Supreme Court of the United States (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
David A. Yalof, Pursuit of Justices: Presidential Politics and the Selection of Supreme Court Nominees (University of Chicago Press, 1999), chs. 3-4.
Tinsley E. Yarbrough, John Marshall Harlan: Great Dissenter of the Warren Court (Oxford University Press, 1992).
180 [“repetition of Pearl Harbor”] : quoted in Lawrence E. Davies, “Coast A xis Aliens Face Business Ban,” New York Times, January 31, 1942, p. 8.
180 [“personal promise”] : quoted in Yalof, p. 46.
181 [“Earl Warren’s a Democrat”] : quoted in Pollack, p. 97.
181 [“breaking his word”] : quoted in Yalof, p. 49.
181 [“truth was”] : Eisenhower, Mandate for Change, 1953-1956 (Doubleday, 1963), p. 228.
181 [“high ideals”] : quoted in Swindler, p. 220.
182 [“helpful as direction”] : quoted in Schwartz, Super Chief, p. 149.
182 [“Be a judge”] : ibid., p. 261.
182 [“worst Chief Justice”] : quoted in Pollack, p. 197.
182 [“ just uncongenial”] : ibid., p. 257.
183 [1948 restrictive covenants decision] : Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948).
183 [Three 1950 segregation cases] : McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950); Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950) (Texas law school); Henderson v. U.S., 339 U.S. 816 (1950) (railway dining cars).
183 [“South’s Magna Carta”] : Powe, p. 21.
183 [“enforced separation”] : 163 U.S. 537 (1896), quoted at 551.
183 [“not go out”] : quoted in Wiecek, p. 691.
183 [“long continued interpretations”] : Clark conference notes, December 12, 1952, quoted in ibid., p. 697.
184 [“inherent inferiority”] : quoted in Schwartz, Super Chief, p. 86.
184 [“minimum of emotion”] : ibid., p. 88.
184 [“different handling”] : ibid., p. 91.
184 [Brown opinion] : 347 U.S. 483 (1954), quoted at 495, 494, 495, respectively.
185 [“end of the world”] : quoted in Kluger, p. 711.
185 [“familiar prophecy”] : Krock, “A Milestone in More Ways Than One,” New York Times, May 18, 1954, p. 28.
185 [Eastland on Brown and court] : Congressional Record, 83rd Congress, 2nd session, vol. 100, part 6, May 27, 1954, p. 7254.
185 [“as the Supreme Court interprets it”] : “The President’s News Conference,” September 5, 1956, in Eisenhower, Public Papers (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958-61), vol. 1956, pp. 732-45, quoted at pp. 737, 736, respectively.
185 [“sweet little girls”] : quoted in Warren, Memoirs, p. 291.
186 [“most principled”] : Irons, p. 430.
186 [“outstanding”] : quoted in Wermiel, p. 525.
187 [“always wanted”] : Stephen J. Friedman, “William J. Brennan,” in Friedman and Israel, vol. 4, pp. 2849-65, quoted at p. 2851.
188 [“believes that the Constitution”] : quoted in Swindler, p. 233.
188 [“closely akin”] : Barenblatt v. U.S., 360 U.S. 109 (1959), quoted at 143.
188 [Red Monday decisions] : Watkins v. U.S., 354 U.S. 178 (1957) (HUAC); Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234 (1957) (state attorney general); Yates v. U.S., 354 U.S. 298 (1957) (Smith Act); Service v. Dulles, 354 U.S. 363 (1957) (State Department).
189 [“spectacle of a Court”] : Congressional Record, 85th Congress, 1st session, vol. 103, part 10, July 26, 1957, pp. 12806, 12807.
189 [Gitlow and incorporation] : see Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925), at 666.
190 [Black ’s argument for total incorporation] : see Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947), Black ’s dissent at 68-123.
190 [Colegrove] : 328 U.S. 549 (1946), quoted at 552, 556. The Taney opinion was Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. 1 (1849).
191 [Warren on his most important decision] : Warren, Memoirs, p. 306.
191 [“political vicissitudes”] : Harlan to Whittaker and Stewart, letter of October 11, 1961, quoted in Newton, p. 390.
191 [“made change hopeless”] : Warren, Memoirs, p. 307.
191 [“citizen’s right”] : Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962), quoted at 208, 231.
191 [“one person, one vote”] : 372 U.S. 368 (1963), quoted at 368.
191 [“great day”] : quoted in Schwartz, Super Chief, p. 424.
191 [“massive repudiation”] : Baker, quoted at 267.
192 [“I never know”] : Denver Post, April 1, 1962, quoted in Hutchinson, “The Ideal New Frontier Judge,” p. 394.
192 [“You didn’t think ”] : quoted in Clayton, p. 52.
193 [“With five votes”] : quoted in Irons, p. 416.
193 [Warren Court’s use of judicial review] : Keck, pp. 40-41 (Tables 2.1 and 2.2).
193 [“new law”] : Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), White’s dissent quoted at 531.I.
194 [Precedents overturned by Warren Court] : see Powe, p. 405.
195 [“durable principles”] : Bickel, p. 99.
195 [“First Amendment allows”] : Ginzburg v. U.S., 383 U.S. 463 (1966), Douglas’s dissent quoted at 491.
195 [Griswold] : 381 U.S. 479 (1965), Douglas quoted at 484; Black at 510, 511, 522.
196 [“powerful weapon”] : Irons, p. 416.
196 [Mapp] : 367 U.S. 643 (1961).
196 [Gideon] : 372 U.S. 335 (1963).
197 [Escobedo] : 378 U.S. 478 (1964).
197 [Miranda] : 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
197 [“wear him down”] : quoted in Murphy, Fortas, p. 176.
199 [“effective at your pleasure”] : quoted in Newton, p. 491.
200 [“with deep regret”] : “Statement by the President Upon Withdrawing the Nomination of Justice Abe Fortas,” October 2, 1968, in Johnson, Public Papers (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965-70), vol. 1968-69, part 2, p. 1000.
200 [“indicated his willingness”] : “Statement by the President Upon Declining to Submit an Additional Nomination,” October 10, 1968, in ibid., vol. 1968-69, part 2, p. 1024.
CHAPTER ELEVEN-REPUBLICANS AS ACTIVISTS
Henry J. Abraham, Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Clinton, 4th ed. (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), chs. 2, 11-12.
Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon, 2 vols. (Simon and Schuster, 1987-89).
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R. W. Apple, Jr., “Sununu Tells How and Why He Pushed Souter for Court,” New York Times, July 25, 1990, p. A12.
Jack M. Balkin and Sanford Levinson, “Understanding the Constitutional Revolution,” Virginia Law Review, vol. 87, no. 6 (October 2001), pp. 1045-1109.
Paul Barrett et al., A Year in the Life of the Supreme Court, Rodney A. Smolia, ed. (Duke University Press, 1995).
Martin H. Belsky, ed., The Rehnquist Court (Oxford University Press, 2002).
Joan Biskupic, Sandra Day O’Connor (Ecco, 2005).
Janet L. Blasecki, “Justice Lewis F. Powell: Swing Voter or Staunch Conservative?,” Journal of Politics, vol. 52, no. 2 (May 1990), pp. 530-47.
Donald E. Boles, Mr. Justice Rehnquist, Judicial Activist: The Early Years (Iowa State University Press, 1987).
Lincoln Caplan, The Tenth Justice: The Solicitor General and the Rule of Law (Alfred A. Knopf, 1987).
Stephen Carter, “The Confirmation Mess,” Harvard Law Review, vol. 101, no. 6 (April 1988), pp. 1185-1201.
“The Changing Social Vision of Justice Blackmun,” Harvard Law Review, vol. 96, no. 3 (January 1983), pp. 717-36.
Hunter R. Clark, Justice Brennan: The Great Conciliator (Birch Lane Press, 1995). Michael Comiskey, “The Rehnquist Court and American Values,” Judicature, vol. 77, no. 5 (March-April 1994), pp. 261-67.
Michael Comiskey, Seeking Justices: The Judging of Supreme Court Nominees (University Press of Kansas, 2004).
John W. Dean, The Rehnquist Choice (Free Press, 2001).
Neal Devins, “The Countermajoritarian Paradox” (review of Garrow, Liberty and Sexuality), Michigan Law Review, vol. 93, no. 6 (May 1995), pp. 1433-59.
Elizabeth Drew, On the Edge: The Clinton Presidency (Simon and Schuster, 1994), ch. 15.
John Ehrlichman, Witness to Power: The Nixon Years (Simon and Schuster, 1982).
John P. Frank, Clement Haynsworth, the Senate, and the Supreme Court (University Press of Virginia, 1991).
Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, eds., The Justices of the United States Supreme Court, 1789 -1969 (Chelsea House, 1969-78), vols. 4-5.
Richard Y. Funston, Constitutional Counterrevolution? The Warren Court and the Burger Court: Judicial Policy-Making in Modern America (Schenkman, 1977).
Martin Garbus, Courting Disaster: The Supreme Court and the Unmaking of American Law (Times Books, 2002).
David J. Garrow, “Justice Souter Emerges,” New York Times Magazine, September 25, 1994, pp. 36-43, 52-55, 64, 67.
David J. Garrow, Liberty and Sexuality: The Right to Privacy and the Making of Roe v. Wade (Lisa Drew, 1994).
David J. Garrow, “The Rehnquist Reins,” New York Times Magazine, October 6, 1996, pp. 65-71, 82, 85.
David J. Garrow, “The Unlikely Center” (review of Biskupic, O’Connor, and Yarbrough, Souter), New Republic, vol. 234, no. 8 (March 6, 2006), pp. 33-37.
Elizabeth E. Gillman and Joseph M. Micheletti, “Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg,” Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal, vol. 3 (Fall 1993), pp. 657-63.
Jan Crawford Greenburg, Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court (Penguin, 2007).
Linda Greenhouse, Becoming Justice Blackmun (Times Books, 2005).
Thomas R. Hensley, The Rehnquist Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy (ABC-CLIO, 2006).
Richard Hodder-Williams, “Ronald Reagan and the Supreme Court,” in Joseph Hogan, ed., The Reagan Years (Manchester University Press, 1990), pp. 143-63.
Richard Hodder-Williams, “The Strange Story of Judge Robert Bork and a Vacancy on the United States Supreme Court,” Political Studies, vol. 36 (1988), pp. 613-37.
A. E. Dick Howard, “Mr. Justice Powell and the Emerging Nixon Majority,” Michigan Law Review, vol. 70, no. 3 ( January 1972), pp. 445-68.
Peter Irons, Brennan vs. Rehnquist: The Battle for the Constitution (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994).
Peter Irons, A People’s History of the Supreme Court (Viking, 1999), chs. 32-35.
John C. Jeffries, Jr., Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994).
John A. Jenkins, “The Partisan” (William Rehnquist), New York Times Magazine, March 3, 1985, pp. 28-35, 88, 100-101.
Ronald Kahn, The Supreme Court and Constitutional Theory, 1953 -1993 (University Press of Kansas, 1994), part 2.
Bruce H. Kalk, “The Carswell Affair: The Politics of a Supreme Court Nomination in the Nixon Administration,” American Journal of Legal History, vol. 42, no. 3 (July 1998), pp. 261-87.
Thomas M. Keck, The Most Activist Supreme Court in History: The Road to Modern Judicial Conservatism (University of Chicago Press, 2004).
Charles M. Lamb and Stephen C. Halpern, eds., The Burger Court: Political and Judicial Profiles (University of Illinois Press, 1991).
Frederick P. Lewis, The Context of Judicial Activism: The Endurance of the Warren Court Legacy in a Conservative Age (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
Clifford M. Lytle, The Warren Court & Its Critics (University of Arizona Press, 1968).
Earl M. Maltz, The Chief Justiceship of Warren Burger, 1969-1986 (University of South Carolina Press, 2000).
John Massaro, Supremely Political: The Role of Ideology and Presidential Management in Unsuccessful Supreme Court Nominations (State University of New York Press, 1990).
Ann Carey McFeatters, Sandra Day O’Connor: Justice in the Balance (University of New Mexico Press, 2005).
Kevin Merida and Michael A. Fletcher, Supreme Discomfort: The Divided Soul of Clarence Thomas (Doubleday, 2007).
David M. O’Brien, Judicial Roulette (Priority Press, 1988).
David M. O’Brien, “The Politics of Professionalism: President Gerald R. Ford’s Appointment of Justice John Paul Stevens,” in Bernard J. Firestone and Alexej Ugrinsky, eds., Gerald R. Ford and the Politics of Post-Watergate America (Greenwood Press, 1993), vol. 1, pp. 111-36.
Barbara A. Perry, The Priestly Tribe: The Supreme Court’s Image in the American Mind (Praeger, 1999).
Barbara A. Perry and Henry J. Abraham, “A ‘Representative’ Supreme Court?,” Judicature, vol. 81, no. 4 (January-February 1998), pp. 158-65.
L. A. Powe, Jr., “The Politics of American Judicial Review: Reflections on the Marshall, Warren, and Rehnquist Courts,” Wake Forest Law Review, vol. 38, no. 2 (Summer 2003), pp. 697-732.
Jeremy Rabkin, “A Supreme Court in the Culture Wars,” Public Interest, no. 125 (Fall 1996), pp. 3-26.
Jamin B. Raskin, Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court vs. The American People (Routledge, 2003).
Jeffrey Rosen, “The Agonizer” (Anthony Kennedy), New Yorker, vol. 72, no. 34 (November 11, 1996), pp. 82-90.
Jeffrey Rosen, “A Majority of One” (Sandra Day O’Connor), New York Times Magazine, June 23, 2001, pp. 32-37, 64-79.
Jeffrey Rosen, “The New Look of Liberalism on the Court” (Ruth Bader Ginsburg), New York Times Magazine, October 5, 1997, pp. 60-65, 86, 90, 96-97.
William Saletan, Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War (University of California Press, 2003).
David G. Savage, Turning Right: The Making of the Rehnquist Court (John Wiley & Sons, 1992).
Bernard Schwartz, ed., The Burger Court: Counter-Revolution or Confirmation? (Oxford University Press, 1998).
Bernard Schwartz, Decision: How the Supreme Court Decides Cases (Oxford University Press, 1996).
Bernard Schwartz, The New Right and the Constitution: Turning Back the Legal Clock (Northeastern University Press, 1990).
Herman Schwartz, ed., The Burger Years: Rights and Wrongs in the Supreme Court, 1969-1986 (Viking, 1987).
Herman Schwartz, Packing the Courts: The Conservative Campaign to Rewrite the Constitution (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1988).
Herman Schwartz, ed., The Rehnquist Court: Judicial Activism on the Right (Hill and Wang, 2002).
Herman Schwartz, “The Supreme Court’s Federalism: Fig Leaf for Conservatives,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol.
574 (March 2001), pp. 119-31.
Mark Silverstein, “Bill Clinton’s Excellent Adventure: Political Development and the Modern Confirmation Process,” in Howard Gillman and Cornell Clayton, eds., The Supreme Court in American Politics (University Press of Kansas, 1999), pp. 133-47.
Mark Silverstein, Judicious Choices: The New Politics of Supreme Court Confirmations (W. W. Norton, 1994).
James F. Simon, The Center Holds: The Power Struggle Inside the Rehnquist Court (Simon and Schuster, 1995).
James F. Simon, In His Own Image: The Supreme Court in Richard Nixon’s America (David McKay, 1973).
Christopher E. Smith, Justice Antonin Scalia and the Supreme Court’s Conservative Moment (Praeger, 1993).
Christopher E. Smith, “The Supreme Court in Transition: Assessing the Legitimacy of the Leading Legal Institution,” Kentucky Law Journal, vol. 79 (1991), pp. 317-46.
Christopher E. Smith and Thomas R. Hensley, “Unfulfilled Aspirations: The Court-Packing Efforts of Presidents Reagan and Bush,” Albany Law Review, vol. 57 (Fall 1994), pp. 1111-31.
Kate Stith, “Byron R. White: The Last of the New Deal Liberals,” Yale Law Journal, vol. 103, no. 1 (October 1993), pp. 19-35.
Margaret Talbot, “Supreme Confidence: The Jurisprudence of Justice Antonin Scalia,” New Yorker, vol. 81, no. 6 (March 28, 2005), pp. 40-55.
Jeffrey Toobin, The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court (Doubleday, 2007).
Mark Tushnet, A Court Divided: The Rehnquist Court and the Future of Constitutional Law (W. W. Norton, 2005).
Norman Vieira and Leonard Gross, Supreme Court Appointments: Judge Bork and the Politicization of Senate Confirmations (Southern Illinois University Press, 1998).
J. Harvie Wilkinson III, “The Rehnquist Court at Twilight: The Lures and Perils of Split-the-Difference Jurisprudence,” Stanford Law Review, vol. 58, no. 6 (April 2006), pp. 1969-96.
Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong, The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court (Simon and Schuster, 1979).
David A. Yalof, Pursuit of Justices: Presidential Politics and the Selection of Supreme Court Nominees (University of Chicago Press, 1999), chs. 5-6.
Tinsley E. Yarbrough, The Burger Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy (ABC-CLIO, 2000).
Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court Page 32