Kim, Joo Hong, et al., “History of Korean Politics: The Park Chung Hee Era,” jointly published by the Institute for Peace Studies, Korea University, and the Asia Center, Harvard University, 2000.
Lissitzyn, Oliver J., “Electronic Reconnaissance from the High Seas and International Law,” Naval War College Review, February 1970, pp. 26–34.
Mobley, Richard, “Pueblo: A Retrospective,” Naval War College Review, Spring 2001.
Radchenko, Sergey S., “The Soviet Union and the North Korean Seizure of the USS Pueblo: Evidence from Russian Archives,” Cold War International History Project, Working Paper #47, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., undated.
Spaulding, Raymond C., “The Pueblo Incident: A Follow-up Survey Conducted Eight Years After the Release of the USS Pueblo Crew from North Korea,” Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, Report No. 78-37, 1978.
———, “The Pueblo Incident: Medical Problems Reported During Captivity and Physical Findings at the Time of the Crew’s Release,” Military Medicine, Vol. 141, No. 9, September 1977.
———, “Some Experiences Reported by the Crew of the USS Pueblo and American Prisoners of War from Vietnam,” Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, Report No. 75-28, 1975.
NEWSPAPERS
Boston Globe
Boston Herald Traveler
Boston Record American
Boys Town (Neb.) Times
Buffalo Evening News
Chicago Daily News
Chicago Sun-Times
Chicago Tribune
Christian Science Monitor
Daily Advance (Lynchburg, Virginia)
Electronic News
Escondido (Calif.) Times-Advocate
Florida Times-Union
Ft. Lauderdale News
Independence (Kan.) Sunday Reporter
Indianapolis News
Korea Herald
Korea Times
Los Angeles Times
Louisville (Ky.) Courier Journal
Lynchburg (Va.) Daily Advance
Miami Herald
Miami News
National Observer
New York Daily News
New York Post
The New York Times
Omaha World-Herald
Petoskey (Mich.) News-Review
Philadelphia Bulletin
Philadelphia Inquirer
Phoenix Gazette
Pittsburgh Press
Quincy (Mass.) Patriot Ledger
Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat & Chronicle
San Diego Evening Tribune
San Diego Union
San Francisco Chronicle
Santa Monica (Calif.) Evening Outlook
Southern Start, United States Forces Korea
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Washington Daily News
Washington Post
Washington Star
Watsonville (Calif.) Register-Pajaronian
White Plains (N.Y.) Reporter Dispatch
NEWSMAGAZINES
Life
Newsweek
Time
U.S. News & World Report
ACADEMIC THESES
Heath, Laura J., “An Analysis of the Systematic Security Weaknesses of the U.S. Navy Fleet Broadcasting System, 1967–1974, As Exploited by CWO John Walker,” master’s thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, 2005.
Koebke, Kent Donald, “The U.S.S. Pueblo Incident: Warning Cycle,” master’s thesis, Defense Intelligence College, Washington, D.C., 1984.
Lerner, Mitchell B., “The Lonely Bull: The Pueblo Incident and American Foreign Policy,” PhD thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, May 1999.
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
A-12 reconnaissance jet, 114
Albright, Joseph, 230
Alexander, CT Michael, 216
Allard, Wayne, 375
Alpert, Herb, 16
Aluague, Rizalino, 214
American Journal of Psychiatry, 284
American Legion, 367
Anderson, Admiral George, 167
Armbrister, Trevor, 301–2
Art Center College of Design, Los Angeles, 363
Associated Press, 245
Ault, Captain Frank, 78
Ayling, CT Charles, 216
B-52 bombers, 107–8, 112, 166, 227, 259
Bailey, CT Don, 63, 67, 69, 75
Baldridge, Herman “Doc,” 24, 74, 86, 206, 240, 241
Ball Committee, 167, 365
Ball, George, 127, 167
Barbary pirates, 108, 225
Barrett, CT Michael, 286
Batrayev, Boris, 118–19
Bear (North Korean guard), 207, 219, 244, 246, 248, 250, 251, 377, 379
Berens, Helmsman Ron, 68, 216
Berger, Sam, 127–29, 156–57, 166, 169
Bergner, Rear Admiral Allen, 292–93, 298, 301, 349–50
Bishop, Lieutenant Bob, 30–32
Bland, Fireman Howard, 103–4, 130, 250, 367
Block, Captain Pete, 331–32
Blue House raid, 80, 110, 115, 156, 157, 165, 167, 170–72, 174, 309, 311
Bonesteel, General Charles, 80–81, 115, 125, 154, 156, 166, 168, 170, 201, 226, 310, 347
Bonhomme Richard, 287
Boone, Pat, 287
Boorda, Vice Admiral Jeremy M., 370
Borrego Springs, California, 337
Boston Globe, 302
Bowen, Vice Admiral Harold G., Jr., 292, 294, 295, 297–99, 302, 303, 305, 306, 310–13, 325–27, 333, 336, 341, 347, 349–51
Boys Town (movie), 35
Boys Town, Omaha, Nebraska, 35, 338
Breeches Buoy repatriation plan, 271, 285, 305
Brezhnev, Leonid, 178
Bridge of No Return, 261, 265–69
Bringle, Admiral William F., 79, 345
Brinkley, David, 316
British Museum, 376
Brock, Bill, 109
Bucher, Austin, 33, 34
Bucher, Commander Lloyd Mark “Pete”
background of, 9
childhood of, 33–35
children of, 36
CIA psychological assessment of, 123–24
Clark’s briefings to, 31, 32
command of Pueblo (see USS Pueblo)
“confessions” demanded of, 99–101, 103–4, 106, 120, 124, 133, 136
court-martial issue and, 299, 303, 304, 349–51, 362, 364, 380
court of inquiry and, 212–13, 288, 291, 293–302, 306, 312, 314, 323, 325, 329–37, 339, 347–51, 353–54, 357, 358, 362, 368
death of, 377, 380
education of, 35, 36
enlistment in Navy, 35–36
funeral and burial of, 380
Great Naked Art Heist and, 17–18
in Guam, 361–62
health of, 190, 208, 211, 219, 236, 282, 283, 286, 291, 355–56, 360
jobs after court of inquiry, 358–61
Lacy and, 12, 15, 17, 357–58
as leader, 16, 24, 185, 186, 206, 208, 328, 329, 333, 335, 349
marriage of, 36
Massie and, 378, 379
memoirs of, 356–59
mistreatment in captivity of, 83–89, 93–95, 98, 100–3, 130–32, 145, 214, 247, 249, 250, 272, 301–2
mock execution of, 101, 300–1
Murphy and, 26–2
8, 41, 47, 69, 212, 356–57
Naval History magazine article and, 364–65
Naval Investigative Service’s background probe of, 122–23
personality of, 8–9, 16, 33, 38
physical appearance of, 8–9, 35, 272, 276, 296, 328, 338
post-release press conference and, 272–73
post-release trips of, 337–39
presail briefings of, 9–11, 42–43
press conferences in captivity and, 130, 145–47, 218, 220–23
Prisoner of War Medal and, 366–72
promotions of, 33, 37
propaganda photographs of, 143–45
Purple Heart awarded to, 286
release and homecoming of, 262–64, 266–69, 270, 272–86
retirement of, 362–64
rumor of suicide of, 225, 230–32
Schumacher and, 15, 17, 21, 188, 212
as submariner, 9, 16, 36–38
suicidal thoughts of, 130–32, 138, 145, 180–81, 250, 301
Bucher, Mark, 277, 326, 337, 366
Bucher, Mary, 33
Bucher, Mike, 277, 326, 337, 366
Bucher: My Story, 356–59
Bucher, Rose Rohling, 36, 135, 145, 212, 213, 231–32, 276, 277, 280, 287, 294, 301, 304, 323, 326, 336–39, 360, 362, 363, 366, 369, 377, 379, 380
Buck, Kathleen A., 368, 369
Bulge, Battle of the, 80
Bureau of Naval Personnel, 38, 360
Bush, George H. W., 371, 372
Bussell, Bosun’s Mate Willie, 193
C-130s, 61, 63
Canales, Yeoman Armando “Army,” 41
Cape Henry, Virginia, 126
Cape Nojima, Japan, 28
Carter, General Marshall, 319, 344
Carter, Jimmy, 169
Cassell, Captain George, 23
Chafee, John, 303, 351–53
Chicago Tribune, 225
Chicca, Marine Sergeant Bob, 42, 54, 60, 72, 74, 141, 210, 215, 313, 348, 371
China, 1, 10, 31–32, 113, 118, 153, 201
Chongjin, North Korea, 52, 106, 339
Christian Science Monitor, 303
Chung Il Kwon, Prime Minister, 162, 173, 227, 235, 274–75
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 95, 106, 110, 123, 134, 135, 168, 198, 226, 285, 316, 342, 345
CINCPACFLT (commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet), 22, 23, 40, 343
Clarey, Admiral Bernard, 351
Clark, General Mark, 167
Clark, Lieutenant Commander Charles, 31–32, 36, 42–43, 62
Clifford, Clark, 115, 167, 177, 225, 227
Clymer, Adam, 119
Code of Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the United States, 137, 138, 148, 149, 284, 324, 332, 349
Combat Action Ribbon, 369
Combat Information Center School, Glenview, Illinois, 95
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 210
COMNAVFORJAPAN (Commander, Naval Forces, Japan), 39, 40, 48, 55, 307
Copley, Helen, 371
Coronado Island, 289
Court of inquiry, 212–13, 274–76, 285, 289–302, 305–8, 310–15, 323–25, 327–37, 339, 342, 347–51, 353–54, 357, 358, 362, 368
Crowe, Captain William J., Jr., 305
CTs (communication technicians), 11, 12, 20, 21, 40, 46, 52, 53, 54, 60, 69, 71–72, 74, 95, 137, 314–15, 317, 319–20
Cuban Missile Crisis, 4, 109, 112, 119, 167
Cultural Revolution, 153
Cumings, Bruce, 242n
Czechoslovakia, 155, 204
D-day, 80
Das Kapital (Marx), 192
Decatur, Commodore Stephen, 108, 225, 281
Defense Intelligence Agency, 285, 342, 345
Denham, Captain John, 116–17, 129
Detroit News, 245
Dickens, Charles, 33
Dirksen, Everett, 225
Disabled American Veterans, 367
DMZ (demilitarized zone), 42, 57, 58, 107, 114, 126, 128, 129, 154, 155, 159, 171, 226, 309
Dobrynin, Anatoly, 228–29
Dominican Republic, 169
Dreyfus, Albert, 302
Dunham, John R., 1
Dwyer, Captain Thomas, 42
East China Sea, 32, 77, 308
Easton, Lieutenant Commander Erv, 22
EC-121 reconnaissance plane, 339–41
Egypt, 200
Elgin Marbles, 376
Ellis, Seaman Steve, 207
Engels, Fiedrich, 210
Epes, Admiral Horace, 77–79, 116, 117, 342, 345
Erwin, Commander C. W., 284
F-4 Phantoms, 80, 177, 200, 225
F-86 fighters, 81
F-105 fighters, 76, 81, 82, 84, 89, 91, 110–11, 129, 346, 347
Farragut, David, 287
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 119, 285, 321, 322
Fee-ture Feel-um (North Korean translator), 182, 185, 221
Fetch (North Korean duty officer), 268
Fifer, Orien, 304, 305
Fishing trawlers, as spy ships, 2–3
Flanagan, Edward J., 35
Flo (North Korean nurse), 190, 216
Focus Retina, 255
Ford, Gerald, 127
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, 377
Fort Meade, Maryland, 9
Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery, San Diego, 380
Fredlund, Dick, 32
Freedom Drop, 226
Fresh Storm, 166
Fryklund, Richard, 270–72
Fubini, Eugene, 3
Fulbright, William, 197
Garcia, Policarpo, 87, 328
Geneva convention, 88, 97, 349
Get Smart (television show), 237
Gidrofon (trawler), 3
Gidrolog (trawler), 124
Gilbert, Daniel T., 378–79
Gladding, Captain Everett, 351
Goldberg, Arthur, 119–20
Goldman, Chief Engineer Monroe, 327, 330
Goldwater, Barry, 105, 107
GOPI broadcasts, 318–19
Graham, Billy, 257
Great Escape, The (movie), 217
Great Society programs, 107
Greece, 169
Greene, General Wallace, Jr., 342
Greenland, 107
Greenleaf, Colonel Abbott, 173–74
Gregg, Donald, 375
Grimm, Rear Admiral Edward, 293, 325, 350, 351
Guest, The (Hwang Sok-yong), 242n
Gulf of Tonkin, 3, 8, 26, 77
Hammond, Marine Sergeant Robert, 41–42, 60, 72, 139–41, 148, 181–82, 186, 206, 252, 283, 349, 366
Harriman, Averell, 227
Harris, Eleanor, 279
Harris, Ensign Tim, 15–18, 23, 25–26, 28, 39, 46, 47, 51, 62, 64, 68, 70, 71, 76, 92, 186–87, 208–9, 223, 246, 247, 269, 273, 302, 323, 327–28, 349, 358
Harris, Esther, 21
Harris, Lieutenant Stephen R., 20–21, 33, 42, 48, 49, 53, 60, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71–72, 76, 88, 95, 98, 123, 146, 179, 194, 213, 216, 237, 264, 273, 279, 286, 313–15, 317, 348–51
Harrison, Benjamin, 191
Harvey, E. Miles, 294–96, 299, 302, 305, 306, 314, 325–26, 329, 333–37, 353–54
Hayes, Radioman Lee Roy, 206, 210, 215, 217, 219, 244
Hellcats of the Navy (movie), 278
Helms, Richard, 109, 110, 308, 316
Hemphill, Lieutenant Commander Allen, 135
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass, 16
HMS Leopard, 126
HMS Serapis, 287
Ho Chi Minh, 109, 154, 226, 227
Hodges, Duane, 74, 76, 85, 86, 135, 145, 182, 262,
267, 268, 277–78, 298, 348, 378
Hodges, Jesse and Stella, 277–78
Hogan’s Heroes (television show), 185
Hokkaido island, 1, 44
Holbrook, Hal, 380
Honshu island, 28
Horn, Captain Maurice, 122
Horner, Garnett “Jack,” 121
House Armed Services Committee, 340, 341
How Glorious Is Our Fatherland (opera), 239
Hruska, Roman, 339
Humphrey, Hubert, 224, 261
Hunter, Robert, 321
Hwang Sok-yong, 242n
Hyland, Admiral John J., Jr., 108, 275, 290, 292–94, 307, 337, 351, 353, 364, 365
IL-28 bombers, 153
Imjin River, 57
Iredale, Harry, 53, 60, 61, 138–39, 191–92, 205, 215, 250–52, 324, 370
Israel, 13–14, 39, 200
Iwakuni Air Base, Japan, 80
Jack Warner (North Korean major), 144–45, 149
Japan
Communist Party, 123, 233–34, 258
Fuchu Air Station, 79
Iwakuni Air Base, 80
Kamiseya communication station, 55, 59, 63, 69, 75, 76, 84, 313, 317
relations with South Korea, 163, 165
Sasebo naval base, 44–46, 48, 77, 78
Yokosuka, 14, 24, 32–33, 37–39, 122
Jewish American War Veterans, 367
Johnson, Admiral Frank L., 39–43, 47, 48, 50, 62, 306–13, 331, 342, 344, 345, 351
Johnson, General Harold K., 342
Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 14, 134, 158, 165–66, 169, 172, 174, 176, 275, 307
Great Society programs of, 107
Honolulu meeting with President Park, 196–97, 201–3
King assassination and, 197
Pueblo incident and, 105–16, 119–21, 125–29, 156, 159, 166, 175, 181, 197–98, 225, 230, 232, 234, 255, 259–61, 281, 339
reelection issue and, 197, 199, 201
release of Pueblo crew and, 273
Soviet Union and, 118–19
Vietnam War and, 107, 197, 199, 201, 226–27
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 128, 166, 294, 307, 316, 342–44, 346
Joint Reconnaissance Center, 342
Jones, John Paul, 281, 287
Jordan, 200
Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, 81, 114
Kaiser, Henry, 197
Kamchatka Peninsula, 2
Kamiseya communication station, Japan, 55, 59, 63, 69, 75, 76, 84, 313, 317
Kaneohe Marine Air Station, Hawaii, 271
Kanghwa Island, Battle of, 375
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 37
Kapitan Vislobokov (merchant ship), 124
Karcher, Daniel M., 365–66
Act of War Page 50