Vindication

by Lyndall Gordon

  ——‘Lady Mountcashell alias Madame Mason’, in Leopardi in Pisa, ed. Fiorenza Ceragioli (Milan: Electa, 1998), 304–20. With thanks to Cristina Dazzi for the gift of this beautifully produced and informative collection of essays to celebrate an exhibition on Leopardi in Pisa

  Del Vivo, Caterina, ‘The “Beautiful Vaccà”’ in Leopardi in Pisa, ed. Fiorenza Ceragioli (Milan: Electa, 1998), 274–81

  Diedrick, James, ‘Jane Eyre and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman’,. in Approaches to Teaching Jane Eyre (New York: MLA, 1993)

  Dolan, Brian, Ladies of the Grand Tour (London: Flamingo, 2002)

  Dorfman, Joseph, ‘Joel Barlow: Trafficker in Trade and Letters’, Political Science Quarterly, lix (1944), 83–100

  Draper, Lyman C., The Life of Daniel Boone (Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1998)

  Dunn, Jane, Moon in Eclipse: A Life of Mary Shelley (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1978)

  Durant, William Clark. Extensive biographical research in the Supplement to his edn of WG’s Memoirs (1927; repr. New York: Haskell House, 1969), pp. 138–347

  Elliott, Lawrence, The Long Hunter: A New Life of Daniel Boone (London: Allen & Unwin, 1977)

  Ellman, Mary, Thinking about Women (London: Virago, 1979)

  Elwood, Mrs Ann, Memoirs of Literary Ladies in England (London: 1843). Sympathetic to MW, in contrast with feminists like Harriet Martineau who shunned a historical connection with a woman touched by scandal

  Emerson, Oliver Farrar, ‘Notes on Gilbert Imlay, Early American Writer’, PMLA, xxxix/1 (June 1924), 406–39

  Everest, Kelvin, ed., Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991). The responses are Hannah More’s, MW’s, Paine’s and Shelley’s

  Falco, Maria J., ed., Feminist Interpretations of Mary Wollstonecraft (Penn State University Press, 1996)

  Faragher, John Mack, Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer (New York: Henry Holt, 1992)

  Favret, Mary A., ‘Mary Wollstonecraft and the Business of Letters’, in Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics and the Fiction of Letters (Cambridge University Press, 1993), 96–132

  Ferguson, Moira, Colonialism and Gender from Mary Wollstonecraft to Jamaica Kincaid (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). See the chapter on MW and slavery

  Ferguson, Robert A., ‘The American Enlightenment 1750–1820’, in Cambridge History of American Literature, ed. Sacvan Bercovitch, i (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 345–537

  Flexner, Eleanor, Mary Wollstonecraft: A Biography (New York: Coward, McCann, 1972)

  Follini, Tamara, ‘Improvising the Past in A Small Boy and Others’, Yearbook of English Studies, xxx (2000), 106–23. This essay on Henry James’s autobiography was the most original stimulus for thinking about the autobiographical element in MW’s Travels

  Forster, Margaret, Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism 1838–1939 (Penguin Books, 1986)

  Foster, R. F, Modern Ireland 1600–1972 (1988; repr. Penguin Books, 1989)

  ——‘Remembering 1798’, in The Irish Story: Telling Tales and Making It Up in Ireland (Penguin Books, 2001)

  Fraser, Antonia, The Weaker Vessel: Women’s Lot in Seventeenth-Century England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1984; repr. Methuen, 1985)

  ——Marie Antoinette: The Journey (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001)

  Frimansson, Inger, ‘Från de unkna matsalarna’. Gez, Litteraturhistoria Engelsk Nc. 07, Geografi Sverige Reseskildringar (Svensk bokhandel, xliii/29, 1994). A response to Per Nyström, MW’s Scandinavian Journey. Copy in the Swedish National Library, Stockholm

  Garnett, Richard, Athenaeum (15 Aug. 1903). Conjectures place and date of GI’s death; has not been disproved

  Garrett, Martin, Mary Shelley (British Library, 2002)

  Gerhardt, Sue, Why Love Matters: How Affection Shapes a Baby’s Brain (London: Routledge, 2004)

  Gerzina, Gretchen, Black England: Life before Emancipation (London: Allison & Busby, 1999)

  Gittings, Robert, and Jo Manton, Claire Clairmont and the Shelleys (Oxford University Press, 1992)

  Graham, Kenneth W, ed., William Godwin Reviewed: A Reception History 1783–1834 (New York: AMS Press, 2001)

  Gubar, Susan, ‘Feminist Misogyny: Mary Wollstonecraft and the Paradox of “It Takes One to Know One”’, in Diane Elam and Robyn Wiegman, eds, Feminism Beside Itself (London: Routledge, 1995)

  ——and Sandra Gilbert, The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth- Century Literary Imagination (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979)

  Gunther-Canada, Wendy, Rebel Writer: Mary Wollstonecraft and Enlightenment Politics (DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2001)

  Haraszti, Zoltán, John Adams and the Prophets of Progress (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952), 187–234. Unselective, hard-to-follow description of Adams’s fascinating marginalia to Wollstonecraft’s French Revolution. Easier to see the point of Adams’s response by looking at his actual copy in the Boston Public library.

  Hardyment, Christina, Perfect Parents: Baby-care Advice Past and Present (Oxford University Press, 1995)

  Harmon, Claire, Fanny Burney: A Biography (London: HarperCollins, 2000)

  Harper, Charles G., Stagecoach and Mail (London: Chapman & Hall, 1903)

  Hay, Carla H., ‘James Burgh’, Biographical Dictionary of Modern British Radicals, i (Brighton: Harvester, 1979)

  Herman, Judith Lewis, Trauma and Recovery: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror (London: Pandora, 1992; repr. 2001)

  Hill, Bridget, ‘The Links between Mary Wollstonecraft and Catharine Macaulay: New Evidence’, Women’s History Review, iv/2 (1995), 177–92

  Hill-Miller, Katherine C., ‘My hideous Projeny’: Mary Shelley, William Godwin and the Father–Daughter Relationship (Newark: University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 1995)

  Hirsch, Pam, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft: A Problematic Legacy’, in Wollstonecraft’s Daughters: Womanhood in England and France, 1780–1920, ed. Clarissa Campbell Orr (Manchester University Press, 1996). Sensitive account of MW’s reputation

  Holmes, Richard, Shelley: The Pursuit (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974)

  ——‘Mary Wollstonecraft and Gilbert Imlay in France’, in Footsteps: Adventures of a Romantic Biographer (Penguin Books, 1985)

  ——‘The Feminist and the Philosopher’, in Sidetracks: Explorations of a Romantic Biographer (London: HarperCollins, 2000)

  ——‘Death and Destiny’, Guardian Book Review (24 Jan. 2004)

  Howarth, Janet, ‘Gender, Domesticity, and Sexual Politics’, in The Short Oxford History of the British Isles: The Nineteenth Century, ed. Colin Matthew (Oxford University Press, 2000), 162–93

  Hufton, Olwyn, The Prospect Before Her: A History of Women in Western Europe, i: 1500–1800 (London, 1995; HarperCollins/Fontana, repr. 1997)

  Imlay, Hugh and Nella, The Imlay Family (Zanesville, Ohio, 1958)

  Jacobs, Diane, Her Own Woman: The Life of Mary Wollstonecraft (London: Abacus; New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001)

  Janes, R. M., ‘On the Reception of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,’ Journal of the History of Ideas, xxxix (1978), 293–302

  Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri, American Espionage (London: MacMillan, 1977)

  ——Cloak and Dollar: A History of American Secret Intelligence (Yale University Press, 2002)

  Johnson, Daphne, On the Trail of the Wollstonecraft Family History (2002) www.daphnejohnson.btinternet.co.uk/wollstonecraft/TheBook.htm

  Jones, Vivien, ‘“The Tyranny of the Passions”: Feminism and Heterosexuality in the Fiction of Wollstonecraft and Hays’, in Sally Ledger, Josephine McDonagh and Jane Spencer (eds), Political Gender: Texts and Contexts (London: Harvester, 1994), 173–88

  ——‘The Death of Mary Wollstonecraft’, British Journal of Eighteenth-Century Studies, xx/2 (autumn 1997)

  ——Lecture on ‘Mary Wollstonecraft and Sex
Education’, St Hugh’s College, Oxford (19 Feb. 2001)

  Jones, W. H. S., A History of St Catherine’s College (Cambridge University Press, 1936)

  Jordan, Elaine, ‘Criminal Conversation: On Mary Wollstonecraft’s The Wrongs of Woman’, Women’s Writing, iv/2 (1997), 221–34. Contemporary legal context

  Kaplan, Cora, ‘Wild Nights: Pleasure/Sexuality/Feminism’, in Sea Changes: Culture and Feminism (London: Verso, 1986)

  Keane, John, Tom Paine: A Political Life (Bloomsbury, 1995)

  Keats-Shelley Journal, special issue, 1997

  Kelly, Gary, Women, Writing and Revolution 1790–1827 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993)

  ——Revolutionary Feminism: The Mind and Career of Mary Wollstonecraft (London: Macmillan, 1992; New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996)

  ——Notes to the World’s Classics editions of Mary and WW.

  Kelly, Linda, Women in the French Revolution (Penguin Books, 1989)

  King-Hall, Magdalen, Eighteenth-Century Story (London: Peter Davies, 1956). A fictionalisation of the relations of MW and Lady Mary King

  King-Harmon, Anthony Lawrence, The Kings of King House (privately publ., 1996)

  King-Harmon, Robert Douglas, The Kings, Earls of Kingston: An account of the Family and their Estates in Ireland between the reigns of the two Queens Elizabeth (privately publ., Cambridge: Heffer, 1959)

  Kramnick, Miriam Brody, introduction to RW (Penguin Books, 1982)

  Laver, James, Taste and Fashion: From the French Revolution until Today (London: Harrap, 1945)

  Le Doeuff, Michèle, The Sex of Knowing, trans. Kathryn Hamer and Lorraine Code (London: Routledge, 2004)

  Lorch, Jennifer, Mary Wollstonecraft: The Making of a Radical Feminist (Providence, RI: Berg, 1990). Argues that WW is more relevant to the concerns of present-day feminism than RW

  Loudon, Irvine, The Tragedy of Childbed Fever (Oxford University Press, 2000)

  Lucas, E. V., introduction to reprint of MW’s Original Stories from Real Life (London: Henry Frowde, 1906). Interesting for its virulence against MW more than a century after publication; sees children enslaved to overbearing woman; Mrs Mason is presented as precursor to Mrs Proudie (in Trollope’s Barchester Towers). Tells more about misogyny at the height of the suffragettes’ activity than about what captivated Margaret King

  MacCarthy, Fiona, Byron: Life and Legend (London: John Murray, 2002)

  MacMahon, K. A., Beverley (Silsden, Yorkshire: Dalesman Publishing Co., 1973)

  McAleer, Edward C., The Sensitive Plant (1958). Biography of Margaret Mount Cashell (née Margaret King)

  McCullough, David, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001)

  McMillan, James F., France and Women 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics (London: Routledge, 2000)

  Maxted, Ian, The London Book Trades 1775–1800: A Topographical Guide (Exeter, 1980)

  Meinz, Manfred, ‘Die “Silberkammer” des Altonaer Museums’, Altoner Museum in Hamburg Jahrbuch 1966, iv (Hamburg: D. R. Ernst Hauswedell Verlag), 38–75

  Mellor, Anne K., Mary Shelley, Her Life, Her Fiction, Her Monsters (London: Routledge, 1988)

  Miller, Victor Clyde, ‘Joel Barlow: Revolutionist London, 1791–2’, in Britannica (Hamburg, 1932)

  Mitchell, Juliet, and Ann Oakley, eds, The Rights and Wrongs of Women (Penguin Books, 1976; repr. 1977). Includes Margaret Walters, ‘The Rights and Wrongs of Woman: Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Martineau, Simone de Beauvoir’

  Moers, Ellen, Literary Women (London: Women’s Press, 1978)

  Molden, Gunnar, ‘Sølvbriggen Maria Margrete–ut av historiens mørke’ (New Historical Light on the Silver Brig), trans. Ingunn Siedler, with English summary, in Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum årbok (Norwegian Maritime Museum Yearbook, 1995, Oslo: 1996), 139–54

  ——‘The Silver Ship Emerging out of the Darkness of History’, trans. Ingunn Siedler, Agderposten (31 Aug. 1996)

  -——‘No Riches for the Descendants’, trans. Ingunn Siedler, Agderposten (31 Aug. 1996)

  ——‘The Shipwreck that Never Was’, trans. Ingunn Siedler, Agderposten (11 Apr. 1997)

  ——Seilskute byen Arendal/Arendal–the Town of Sailing Ships, trans. Richard Nelson (Norway: Arfo, 1998)

  Moore, Jane, Mary Wollstonecraft (Tavistock: Northcote House Publishers, 1999). British Council series on ‘Writers and their Work’. A balanced survey, stressing the ambition of MW’s career, with a descriptive bibliography. An excellent introductory book

  Morton, Brian N., Americans in Paris: An Anecdotal Guide to the Homes and Haunts of Americans from Jefferson to Capote (1984; repr. New York: Quill/William Morrow, 1986)

  Murray, Venetia, High Society in the Regency Period 1788–1830 (Penguin Books, 1998)

  Myers, Mitzi, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft’s Letters Written…in Sweden: Toward Romantic Autobiography’, Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, xviii, ed. Roseann Runte (1979)

  ——‘Impeccable Governesses, Rational Dames, and Moral Mothers: Mary Wollstonecraft and the Female Tradition in Georgian Children’s Books’, Children’s Literature, xiv (1986), 31–54

  ——‘Pedagogy as Self-Expression in Mary Wollstonecraft’, in Shari Benstock, ed., ThePrivate Self: Theory and Practice of Women’s Autobiographical Writings (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988). Argues persuasively that MW’s work in a variety of genres ‘wants to be read as a species of autobiography’

  Nehring, Cristina, ‘The Vindications: the Moral Opportunism of Feminist Biography’, Harper’s Magazine (Feb. 2002), 60–5

  Nitchie, Elizabeth, ‘An Early Suitor of Mary Wollstonecraft’, PMLA, lviii (Mar. 1943), 163–9

  Norris, Pamela, ‘She Longed for Security and Affection’, Literary Review (Oct. 2000), 18–19

  Nyström, Per, Mary Wollstonecraft’s Scandinavian Journey, trans. George R. Otter (Gothenburg, 1980). Originally a lecture to the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Gothenburg (autumn 1972)

  Orr, Clarissa Campbell, ed., Wollstonecraft’s Daughters: Womanhood in England and France, 1780–1920 (Manchester University Press, 1996)

  Pakenham, Thomas, The Year of Liberty: the Story of the Great Irish Rebellion of 1798 (London: Abacus, 2000), esp. 191, 247

  Panajia, Alessandro, ‘The New Accademia dei Lunatici’, in Leopardi in Pisa, ed. Fiorenza Ceragioli (Milan: Electa, 1998), 322–6

  Paul, C. Kegan, William Godwin: His Friends and Contemporaries, 2 vols (London: Henry S. King, 1876)

  Pearson, J., Women’s Reading in Britain, 1750–1835: A Dangerous Recreation (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 79–82

  Pennell, Elizabeth Robins, Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin (London: W. H. Allen, 1885)

  Phillips, Melanie, The Ascent of Woman (London: Little, Brown, 2003)

  Poovey, Mary, The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen (University of Chicago Press, 1984)

  ——Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England (London: Virago, 1989)

  Porter, Roy, English Society in the Eighteenth Century (Penguin Books, rev. edn 1990)

  ——The Penguin Social History of Britain: English Society in the Eighteenth Century (Penguin Books, 1982; rev. edn 1991)

  Powell, David, Tom Paine: The Greatest Exile (London: Hutchinson, 1985; repr. 1989)

  Power, Bill, White Knights, Dark Earls: The Rise and Fall of an Anglo-Irish Dynasty (Cork: Collins Press, 2000)

  Rauschenbusch-Clough, Emma, A Study of Mary Wollstonecraft and the Rights of Woman (London: Longman’s, Green & Co., 1898)

  Ravetz, Alison, ‘The Trivialisation of Mary Wollstonecraft: A Personal and Professional Career Re-Vindicated’, Women’s Studies Forum, vi/5 (1983), 491–9. Anticipates the approach of the present book

  Rendall, Jane, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft, History and Revolution’, Women’s Writing, iv: 2 (1997), 155–72

  Reynolds, Margaret. Critical introduction to her edn of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh (Ohio Univer
sity Press, 1992)

  Ribeiro, Aileen, Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe 1715–1789 (Yale University Press, rev. edn 2002)

  Ricci, Fulvia, ‘The First Accademia dei Lunatici’, in Leopardi in Pisa, ed. Fiorenza Ceragioli (Milan: Electa, 1998), 321

  Roberts, Michèle, Fair Exchange (London: Virago, 2000). Fictionalisation of MW and GI.

  Rusk, Ralph Leslie, ‘The Adventures of Gilbert Imlay’, Indiana University Studies, x/57 (Bloomington, Ind.: Mar. 1923). For decades the only available information on GI; limited and overused

  Ryall, Anka. Introduction to Norwegian translation of Mary Wollstonecraft’s Travels. ‘Mary Wollstonecraft og kunsten å reise’, Min nordiske reise, trans. Per A. Hartun (Oslo: Pax, 1997), i–xviii

  ——and Catherine Sandbach-Dahlström, eds, Mary Wollstonecraft’s Journey to Scandinavia: Essays, Stockholm Studies in English, xcix (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 2003)

  St Clair, William, ‘William Godwin as Children’s Bookseller’, in Children and their Books, eds Gillian Avery and Julia Briggs (Oxford University Press, 1989), 165–79

  ——The Godwins and the Shelleys: The Biography of a Family (London: Faber; New York: Norton, 1989)

  ——The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period (Cambridge University Press, 2004) Sapiro, Virginia, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of Mary Wollstonecraft (University of Chicago Press, 1992)

  Schama, Simon, Citizens (London: Allen Lane, 1989)

  ——History of Britain (London: BBC Publications, 2002)

  Seelye, John, Beautiful Machine: Rivers and the Republican Plan 1755–1825 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). Informed treatment of Imlay as commentator on the frontier

  Sen, Amartya, ‘Elements of a Theory of Human Rights’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, xxxiii (Fall 2004). Uses MW’s ideas as a way of understanding the very idea of human rights

  ——‘Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary’, talk at the Oxford conference of the International Association of Feminist Economists (Aug. 2004).

  Showalter, Elaine, Inventing Herself: Claiming a Feminist Intellectual Heritage (New York: Simon & Schuster; London: Picador, 2001)