Bisham abbey, ref 1
bishops: draw up statement of belief for Henry, ref 1; appointed by king’s letters patent, ref 1
Bishops’ Book, The see Institution of a Christian Man, The
Blois, treaty of (1572), ref 1
Blount, Elizabeth (Bessie), ref 1
Blount, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Bocher, Joan see Joan of Kent
Boethius: The Consolation of Philosophy, ref 1
Boleyn, Mary: liaison with Henry VIII, ref 1
Bolton Castle, ref 1
Bond of Association, ref 1, ref 2
Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London (‘Bloody Bonner’): interrogates Anne Askew, ref 1; protests at religious reforms, ref 1; abuses Cranmer, ref 1, ref 2; persecutes reformers, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; decrees Church forms and services, ref 1, ref 2; absent from Elizabeth’s arrival in London, ref 1; imprisoned, ref 1
Book of Common Prayer: provokes Western Rising, ref 1, ref 2; publication (1549), ref 1; overrides other prayer books, ref 1; revised (1552), ref 1, ref 2; in Elizabeth’s reign, ref 1; unpopularity in North, ref 1; proposed reform, ref 1; criticised, ref 1; clergy required to assent to, ref 1; piety, ref 1
Booner, William, ref 1
Bothwell, James Hepburn, 4th earl of: in plot to murder Darnley, ref 1; relations with Mary Stuart, ref 1; tried and acquitted, ref 1; made duke of Orkney, ref 1; marriage to Mary, ref 1; and inquiry into Darnley’s murder, ref 1; Mary’s ‘casket letters’ to, ref 1; imprisoned in Denmark, ref 1; death, ref 1
Boulogne: siege of (1544), ref 1; Henry occupies for eight years, ref 1; Somerset plans to reclaim, ref 1; Henry II of France besieges, ref 1; returned to French, ref 1
Boxley Abbey, Kent, ref 1
boy bishops, ref 1
Bradford, John, ref 1
Brereton, William, ref 1
Brocke, Edward, ref 1
Browne, Robert (and Brownists), ref 1, ref 2
Brussels, Union of (1577), ref 1
Bryan, Sir Francis, ref 1
Bucer, Martin, ref 1
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, 3rd duke of, ref 1, ref 2
Bunyan, John, ref 1
Burghley, Sir William Cecil, baron: on popular unrest, ref 1; as privy councillor under Edward VI, ref 1; and accession of Mary Tudor, ref 1; as Elizabeth’s principal secretary of state, ref 1; supports reformed faith, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and Parker’s reluctance to accept archbishopric, ref 1; negotiates treaty of Edinburgh, ref 1; threatened by Elizabeth’s relations with Dudley, ref 1; on Elizabeth’s suitors and marriage prospects, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; on Elizabeth’s ill health, ref 1, ref 2; promotes parliament’s petitions to Elizabeth, ref 1; drafts succession bill (1563), ref 1; and multiplicity of religious practices, ref 1; informs Elizabeth of birth of Mary Stuart’s son, ref 1; and threat of Mary Stuart’s succession, ref 1; on state of Scotland at marriage of Mary and Bothwell, ref 1; confronts Spain, ref 1; writes to Moray on escape of Mary Stuart, ref 1; annotates Mary Stuart’s casket letters, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s vacillations over Mary Stuart, ref 1; complains of excess of luxury goods, ref 1; distrusts Mary Stuart, ref 1; opposition to, ref 1; and end of Rising of the North, ref 1; learns of Ridolfi plot, ref 1; and arrest of Catholic plotters, ref 1; ennobled, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s nervous collapse, ref 1; on war in Netherlands, ref 1; and popular reaction to St Bartholomew’s Day massacre, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s procrastinations, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s refusal to head Protestant League, ref 1; favours Edmund Grindal as archbishop, ref 1; dissuades Elizabeth from dismissing Grindal, ref 1; as patron of Campion, ref 1; praises torture, ref 1; rebukes Whitgift, ref 1; hopes to destroy Mary Stuart, ref 1; and threat of invasion, ref 1; drafts Bond of Association and ensures Protestant succession, ref 1; accompanies Elizabeth on 27th anniversary of accession celebrations, ref 1; commissions portrait of Elizabeth, ref 1; and financing of force in Netherlands, ref 1; opposes peace proposals for Netherlands, ref 1; and trial of Mary queen of Scots, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s signing Mary’s death warrant, ref 1; Elizabeth ostracizes after death of Mary, ref 1; dominance at court, ref 1, ref 2; ageing, ref 1; death, ref 1; on religious changes, ref 1
Burning of Heretics, Act for (1414): revoked, ref 1
burnings at the stake: described, ref 1; revived under Elizabeth, ref 1
Bury St Edmunds, ref 1
Butts, Margaret, Lady (née Bacon), ref 1
Cabot, Sebastian, ref 1
Cadiz, ref 1, ref 2
Caius, Dr John, ref 1
Calais: in English hands, ref 1; and English invasion of France (1544), ref 1; French besiege and capture (1557–8), ref 1, ref 2; English attempt to repossess, ref 1; Elizabeth gives up claim, ref 1; Spanish Armada reaches, ref 1
Calvin, Jean: doctrines and practice, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Calvinism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Cambridge: colleges founded, ref 1
Camden, William, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Campeggio, Cardinal Lorenzo, bishop of Salisbury, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Campion, Edmund, ref 1, ref 2
canon law: subordination to common law, ref 1
Canterbury: Becket’s shrine dismantled and plundered, ref 1, ref 2
Carberry Hill, battle of (1567), ref 1, ref 2
Cardano, Hieronymus, ref 1
Carew, Sir George, ref 1
Carew, Sir Peter, ref 1
Carey, Sir Robert, ref 1, ref 2
Carlisle: Mary Stuart flees to, ref 1
Carlos, Don, prince of Asturias, ref 1
Carthusian friars: refuse oath upon Act of Succession, ref 1; executed, ref 1, ref 2; properties destroyed, ref 1; emigrate to continent during Edward VI’s reign, ref 1
Cartwright, Thomas, ref 1
‘casket letters’, ref 1
Castle Acre priory, Norfolk, ref 1, ref 2
cathedrals: survive after dissolution of monasteries, ref 1
Catherine de Medici, regent of France, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Catholic Church: flourishes in England, ref 1; calls for reform, ref 1, ref 2; and heretics, ref 1, ref 2; and king’s jurisdiction, ref 1; and anti-clericalism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; reforms, ref 1, ref 2; Wolsey controls in England, ref 1; attacked in parliament, ref 1; and Henry’s claims to supremacy, ref 1; Commons petition against, ref 1; offers concession to Henry, ref 1; and transubstantiation, ref 1; Henry wishes for reform, ref 1; members emigrate during Edward VI’s reign, ref 1; seasonal festivities silenced under Edward VI, ref 1; revival under Mary Tudor, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and persecution of Protestants, ref 1; followers persecuted under Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2; subordinated under Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; popular following, ref 1; and excommunication of Elizabeth, ref 1; discredited by St Bartholomew’s Day massacre, ref 1; extremism in France, ref 1; seminarians in England, ref 1; English statutes against, ref 1; members restricted in movement, ref 1; Hooker on, ref 1; and Protestant reformation, ref 1; rituals abolished, ref 1; see also religion
Catholic League, ref 1
Cavendish, George, ref 1, ref 2
Cecil, Sir Robert (later earl of Salisbury): career and appearance, ref 1; rivalry with Essex, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; supports Lopez, ref 1; appointed secretary of state, ref 1; Essex abuses, ref 1; as master of Court of Wards, ref 1; questions Essex on conduct in Ireland, ref 1; heads court faction, ref 1; imprisoned by Essex, ref 1; informed of Essex’s rebellion plan, ref 1; in negotiations with James VI of Scotland over succession, ref 1; Elizabeth rebukes for personal advice, ref 1
Cecil, William see Burghley, Sir William Cecil, baron
Chancery, court of, ref 1
chantry foundations, ref 1
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor: succeeds Ferdinand as king of Spain, ref 1; conflicts with Francis I, ref 1; succeeds as emperor, ref 1; Wolsey negotiates with, ref 1; meets Henry in England, ref 1; Pavia victory, ref 1; Mary Tudor betrothed to, ref 1; Henry makes treaty against Francis I, ref 1; released from betrothal to Mary, ref 1; and Henry’s seeking divorce from Kath
erine of Aragon, ref 1, ref 2; sacks Rome and imprisons pope, ref 1; Henry’s breach with, ref 1; as potential threat to Henry, ref 1; Henry warns of Cardinal Pole, ref 1; invasion threat to England, ref 1; proposes duchess of Milan as wife for Henry, ref 1; fails to form alliance with France, ref 1; Henry forms alliance against France, ref 1, ref 2; relations with papacy, ref 1; treaty with France (1544), ref 1; persecutes Protestants, ref 1, ref 2; and plot to depose Somerset, ref 1; supports Mary Tudor, ref 1, ref 2; prospective war with, ref 1; and Mary Tudor’s prospective marriage, ref 1; intends to abdicate, ref 1
Charles IX, king of France: minority, ref 1; as prospective husband for Mary Stuart and Elizabeth, ref 1; and religious wars, ref 1; protests at bull excommunicating Elizabeth, ref 1; and prospective war against Spain, ref 1
Charles, archduke of Austria, prospective marriage to Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Charterhouse see Carthusians
Chartley Manor, ref 1
Chaseabout Raid (Scotland, 1565), ref 1
Chaucer, Geoffrey, ref 1
Cheapside Cross: destroyed, ref 1
Cheke, John, ref 1, ref 2
Christ’s Hospital (school and orphanage), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Church of England: Henry declared supreme head of, ref 1; survey of worth (1535), ref 1; Ten Articles (of faith), ref 1, ref 2; bishops’ statement of faith, ref 1; and Act of Uniformity (1549), ref 1; liturgy and practices, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; use of English language, ref 1; orders of clergy, ref 1; statues and images limited, ref 1; plate and possessions expropriated, ref 1; compulsory attendance, ref 1; ecclesiastical laws, ref 1; and Thirty-Nine Articles, ref 1, ref 2; Mary heads, ref 1; convocation (1563), ref 1; doctrine of faith established, ref 1; named Anglican, ref 1; rules under Whitgift, ref 1; and Puritan criticism, ref 1; conformity to, ref 1; and Hooker’s policies, ref 1; reformation, ref 1; see also Book of Common Prayer
Churchyard, Thomas, ref 1
Clement VII, pope: and annulment of Henry’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn, ref 1, ref 2; Henry’s campaign against, ref 1; and Henry’s pose as defender of the faith, ref 1; confirms Cranmer as archbishop, ref 1; threatens bishop of London, ref 1; declares Henry’s marriage to Katherine still valid, ref 1; bull of interdict and deposition against Henry, ref 1
clergy: character of, ref 1; and heretics, ref 1; under law, ref 1; hostility to, ref 1, ref 2; attacked in parliament, ref 1; charged with praemunire, ref 1; repudiate Commons petition against grievances, ref 1; submit to Henry, ref 1, ref 2; self-indulgent and immoral behaviour, ref 1, ref 2; executed after rebellion, ref 1; move on dissolution of monasteries, ref 1; punished and executed after dissolution, ref 1, ref 2; in Church of England, ref 1; shortage of reformed, ref 1; obliged by Whitgift to assent to articles, ref 1; see also benefit of clergy
Clyst St Mary, Devon, ref 1
coach: introduced to England, ref 1
Cobbett, William, ref 1
Cobbler, Captain, ref 1
Cobham, Henry Brooke, 11th baron, ref 1
Cobham, William Brooke, 10th baron, ref 1
coinage: debased, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; debasement reversed, ref 1
Colchester abbey, ref 1
Colet, John, ref 1, ref 2
Coligny, Gaspard de, ref 1
Collectanea satis copiosa, ref 1
Commons, House of see parliament
Company of the Mines Royal, ref 1
Condé, Louis, prince of, ref 1, ref 2
Confession of Augsburg, ref 1
consubstantiation, ref 1
convents: dissolved, ref 1
Corunna, ref 1
countryside: changes and decay, ref 1
Courtenay, Lord Edward (later earl of Devonshire), ref 1, ref 2
Coventry cathedral, ref 1
Coverdale, Miles, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Cox, Richard, ref 1
Cranmer, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury: meets at White Horse tavern, ref 1; supports Henry in divorce negotiations, ref 1; and relations between king and pope, ref 1, ref 2; sees portent in sky, ref 1; on Elizabeth Barton, ref 1, ref 2; appointed archbishop, ref 1; and constitutional changes, ref 1; crowns Anne Boleyn, ref 1; and More’s refusal to take oath, ref 1; on reformation, ref 1, ref 2; doubts over Anne Boleyn’s guilt, ref 1; draws up articles of faith, ref 1; and Pilgrimage of Grace, ref 1; on Henry’s triumph over enemies of reform, ref 1; proposes collegiate school at Canterbury, ref 1; supervises Henry’s corrected statement of belief, ref 1; letter from Melanchthon, ref 1; and religious reforms, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; sends family into exile, ref 1; on Six Articles, ref 1; supports Cromwell, ref 1; as senior counsellor, ref 1; investigates Katherine Howard’s infidelities, ref 1; supports reform and accused of heresy, ref 1; modifies beliefs, ref 1; and death of Henry, ref 1; grows beard, ref 1; Latimer lives with, ref 1; frames Act of Uniformity, ref 1, ref 2; turns against Somerset, ref 1; advises Edward VI to appoint reformers to council, ref 1, ref 2; detained and tried, ref 1; celebrates burning of Joan Bocher, ref 1; degraded, ref 1; recantations, ref 1; burnt and denies recantations, ref 1; Book of Homilies, ref 1, ref 2; A Code of Ecclesiastical Constitutions, ref 1; A Collection of the Articles of Religion, ref 1
crime: increase in 1590s, ref 1
Cromwell, Oliver, ref 1
Cromwell, Thomas: on affairs of parliament, ref 1; background and career, ref 1; opposes invasion of France, ref 1; devotion to Wolsey, ref 1; rise to power, ref 1, ref 2; and Norfolk’s threat to Wolsey, ref 1; and constitutional changes, ref 1; and secrecy of Dunstable ecclesiastical court, ref 1; investigates Elizabeth Barton, ref 1; recruits Latimer, ref 1; system of supervision and control, ref 1; and More’s refusal to take oath, ref 1; appointed viceregent, ref 1; supervises collection of Church revenues, ref 1; and fate of Fisher and More, ref 1; on visitation of monasteries, ref 1; religious reforms, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Henry’s infidelities, ref 1; on commission into treason, ref 1; disagreements with Henry, ref 1; and Anne Boleyn’s downfall, ref 1; warns Mary Tudor, ref 1; orders dissolution of monasteries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and rebellions in North, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; Aske attacks, ref 1; appropriates monastic lands and possessions, ref 1; threatens defiant friar, ref 1; and burning of John Forrest, ref 1; decrees possession of English Bible in every church, ref 1; introduces parish registers, ref 1; military preparations against papal threat, ref 1; supports Anne of Cleves as wife for Henry, ref 1, ref 2; arrested and charged with treason, ref 1; created earl of Essex, ref 1; beheaded, ref 1
Crowley, Robert: The Way to Wealth, ref 1
Culpeper, Thomas, ref 1
custom: replaced by law, ref 1
Dacre, Gregory Fiennes, 10th baron, ref 1
Darcy, Thomas, baron: opposes Pilgrim of Grace, ref 1, ref 2; tried and beheaded, ref 1
Darnley, Henry Stuart, earl of: Mary Stuart’s infatuation with, ref 1; character, ref 1; marriage to Mary, ref 1; marriage difficulties, ref 1; plot against Mary, ref 1; murdered, ref 1; inquiry into murder, ref 1
Darvel Gadarn, St, ref 1
Davison, Francis, ref 1
Davison, Sir William, ref 1, ref 2
Dedham, Essex, ref 1
Dee, John, ref 1; General and Rare Memorials Pertaining to the Perfect Art of Navigation, ref 1
Dekker, Thomas: The Wonderful Year, ref 1
Denny, Sir Anthony, ref 1, ref 2
Dereham, Francis, ref 1
‘Device for the Alteration of Religion’, ref 1
Digges, Thomas, ref 1
diseases, ref 1
Dispensation and Peter’s Pence Act (1534), ref 1
Displaying of the Protestants, The, ref 1
Dissolution of Monasteries, Act for (1536), ref 1, ref 2
Doncaster: and Pilgrimage of Grace, ref 1; Adwick le Street parish, ref 1
Dormer, Jane see Feria, duchess of
Douai, ref 1, ref 2
Douglas, Lady Margaret, ref 1
Drake, Sir Francis: voyages to West Indies, ref 1; in Panama, ref 1; circumnavigates globe, ref 1; attacks Spanish ships, ref 1; given command of squadron against Spain, ref 1, ref 2; opposes Spanish Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; sails against Portugal, ref 1
drama: development, ref 1
dress and costumes, ref 1
Dreux, ref 1
Dryffield, Revd Thomas, ref 1
Dudley, Amy: death, ref 1
Dudley, Sir Edmund, ref 1, ref 2
Dudley, Sir Henry, ref 1
Dudley, John see Northumberland, John Dudley, duke of
Dudley, Robert see Leicester, earl of
earthquake (1580), ref 1
Edinburgh, treaty of (1560), ref 1, ref 2
education: after dissolution of monasteries, ref 1; and English language, ref 1
Edward III, king, ref 1
Edward VI, king: birth, ref 1; upbringing and education, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; portrait, ref 1; in family portrait, ref 1; appearance and manner, ref 1; religious reformism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; Henry bequeaths crown to, ref 1; regency, ref 1; told of father’s death, ref 1; coronation, ref 1; betrothal to infant Mary Stuart, ref 1; and Protector Somerset’s invasion of Scotland, ref 1; founds schools, ref 1; Thomas Seymour attempts to influence, ref 1; and social divisions and unrest, ref 1, ref 2; rumoured death, ref 1; and Somerset’s downfall, ref 1; attends council meetings, ref 1; relations with Dudley (Northumberland), ref 1; differences with Mary Tudor, ref 1; and Somerset’s execution, ref 1; administration, ref 1; ill with smallpox, ref 1; health decline, ref 1; succession to, ref 1; death, ref 1; funeral, ref 1
Edwards, Arthur, ref 1
Egerton, Sir Thomas (later Viscount Brackley), ref 1
Elizabeth I, queen: birth, ref 1, ref 2; paternity questioned, ref 1; education and learning, ref 1, ref 2; in family portrait, ref 1; love of music, ref 1; in succession to Henry, ref 1; on Katherine Parr’s marriage to Seymour, ref 1; relations with Thomas Seymour, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; enters household of Katherine Parr, ref 1; declared illegitimate, ref 1; and Mary Tudor’s accession, ref 1; Protestantism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Wyatt’s rebellion, ref 1; confined in Tower, ref 1; moved from Tower to Woodstock, ref 1; Catholics persecuted under, ref 1; relations with Mary Tudor, ref 1; and Dudley conspiracy, ref 1; as heir apparent to Mary, ref 1; succeeds at Mary’s death, ref 1; progress to London on accession, ref 1; coronation, ref 1; and privy council, ref 1; condition of England on accession, ref 1; relations with Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, ref 1, ref 2; women courtiers, ref 1; religious opinions and policy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; remains unmarried and childless, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; ascendancy and exercise of power, ref 1; relations with parliament, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; cult of, ref 1; keeps crucifix, ref 1; assassination plots against, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; dislikes war, ref 1, ref 2; suitors and marriage prospects, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; smallpox, ref 1; hopes to meet Mary Stuart, ref 1; supports Protestant cause in France, ref 1; succession debated in parliament, ref 1; guided by council, ref 1; scarred by smallpox, ref 1; summons parliament infrequently, ref 1; portraits, ref 1; questions Melville about Mary Stuart, ref 1; fluency in languages, ref 1, ref 2; plays virginals, ref 1; ill with flux, ref 1; on Darnley’s murder of Rizzio, ref 1; illness (1566), ref 1; writes to Mary on murder of Darnley, ref 1; deprecates Mary’s marriage to Bothwell, ref 1; supports Mary on imprisonment, ref 1; on Mary’s escape and flight to England, ref 1; and inquiry into Darnley murder, ref 1, ref 2; undertakes progresses, ref 1, ref 2; vacillations over Mary Stuart, ref 1; defends Cecil, ref 1; and proposed marriage of Mary Stuart and Norfolk, ref 1; northern earls rise against (1569), ref 1; excommunicated by Pius V, ref 1; accession date celebrated, ref 1; marriage negotiations with dukes of Anjou, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Norfolk supports Ridolfi plot to depose, ref 1; ulcerous leg, ref 1, ref 2; on Mary and Ridolfi plot, ref 1; nervous collapse on condemnation of Norfolk, ref 1; resists parliament’s condemnation of Mary Stuart, ref 1; favours counsellors, ref 1; entertained at Kenilworth, ref 1; love of dancing, ref 1, ref 2; touches for ‘king’s evil’, ref 1; reluctance to support war in Netherlands, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; sends aid to William of Orange, ref 1; told of St Bartholomew’s Day massacre, ref 1; procrastination, ref 1; ungenerosity, ref 1; declines to head Protestant League in Europe, ref 1; alarmed at ‘prophesyings’, ref 1; peace under, ref 1; image as Virgin Queen, ref 1, ref 1; suffers fits and toothache, ref 1; orders restrictions on ruffs and rapiers, ref 1; portrait by Metsys, ref 1; meets Campion, ref 1; relationship with Anjou ends, ref 1; favours Whitgift, ref 1; moves to recognize James VI as king of Scotland, ref 1, ref 2; mourns death of duke of Anjou, ref 1; dislikes Burghley’s plans to ensure Protestant succession, ref 1; portrait cameos manufactured, ref 1; selects small number of counsellors, ref 1; signs treaty with Netherlands (1585), ref 1; celebrates twenty-seventh anniversary of accession (1585), ref 1; ‘Ermine’ portrait, ref 1; anger at Leicester’s appointment as governor of Netherlands, ref 1; fainting fit, ref 1; Babington’s conspiracy against, ref 1; and trial of Mary queen of Scots, ref 1; uncertainties over decision about Mary’s fate, ref 1; signs Mary’s death warrant, ref 1; reaction to Mary’s execution, ref 1; Tilbury speech (1588), ref 1; Gower’s ‘Armada’ portrait, ref 1; forbids parliament to engage in religious affairs, ref 1; ageing, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; on foreign affairs, ref 1; translates Boethius, ref 1; late portraits, ref 1; deprecates Essex’s Cadiz expedition, ref 1; growing irascibility, ref 1; daily exercises, ref 1; assaults Essex, ref 1; and Essex’s campaign in Ireland, ref 1; court factions, ref 1; and humbling of Essex, ref 1; and Essex’s rebellion, ref 1; reforms procedure on monopolies, ref 1; succession to, ref 1; riding in later years, ref 1; decline and death, ref 1
Tudors (History of England Vol 2) Page 55