Toward a Better Life
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Customs Service run by Treasury Department, 14
Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakian immigration to US
Hitler's conquests leading to “stateless” aliens from, 18
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1920s, 88
in 1930s, 106
Czolgosz, Leon, 55
Daché, Lilly, 75
Daguin, Ariane, 240–47, 241
Danbury, CT., prison in, 322–23
Dante Alighieri (ship), 83
D'Artagnan (food stores), 240, 244–46, 247
D'Artagnan in New York (Daguin), 240
Declaration of Intention to become a US citizen
of Albert Einstein, 108
of Yul Brynner, 132
Decré, Fred, 189
Decré, Martin, 189
de Gaulle, Charles, 180, 185
de Kooning, Willem, 89
de la Renta, Oscar, 198
De Laurentiis, Agostino “Dino,” 232
Democratic Republic of the Congo and Martine Kalaw's story, 335–37
Denmark and Danish immigration to US, 55
Department of Homeland Security allowing a one-year delay in deportation for Marie Gonzalez, 333
created in 2002, 305
deportation, 14, 28, 314
Bahamian government ordering for Haitian refugees in 1978, 231
based on Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, 278
and “criminal alien” category, 278
Ellis Island as national headquarters for from 1920 through 1940s, 17
fears in 1919 of anarchists leading to deportations, 74
Immigration and Customs Enforcement taking responsibility for in 2003, 306, 321, 324, 325
Juan and Elizabeth after Swift meatpacking raid, 320–23
major government crackdown in 2009, 306
Mexican repatriation program in 1931 to discourage immigration, 105
question about Zeituni Onyango being deported, 26–27, 308
Supreme Court narrowing residency deportation in 1984, 257
threat of for potential DREAM Act beneficiaries, 329, 332–33, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341
See also illegal immigration
detention at Ellis Island, 18
of enemy aliens in 1941, 129
Faye Lundsky in detention because of sickness, 49–50
photo of legal detainees in 1893, 54
Detweiler, Max, 125
Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors. See DREAM Act
Devvarman, Somdev, 307
Displaced Persons Act of 1948, 130, 163
Divac, Vlade, 259
“Dog Boy” [El Perrero]. See Millan, Cesar
Dog Psychology Center (Los Angeles, CA), 280, 290
Dog Whisperer, The (TV show), 36, 280, 292, 293–94
Domingo, Placido, 198
Dominican Republic as one of top ten emigration countries
in 1960s, 198
in 1970s, 232
in 1980s, 258
in 1990s, 278–79
in 2000s, 307
Dornbaum, Betty, 66–72
Doyle, Jack “The Gorgeous Gael,” 107
DREAM Act, 105, 206–207, 327, 329–30
Marie Gonzalez's story, 331–34
Martine Kalaw's story, 335–37
sponsors and supporters of, 330
Tam Tran's story, 338–41
Dubin, Al, 45
Dubinsky, David, 75
Duke, Vernon, 88
Dumas, Alexandre, 240
Durbin, Richard, 333
Dushats, Galina, 234, 236, 238, 239
Dushats, Stella, 234–39, 235
Dutch immigration. See Netherlands and Dutch immigration to US
Dvorák, Antonín, 45
dwarfs from Asia, photo of from 1900, 68
East Side of New York, 50
economic recession of 2007, 306
Einstein, Albert, 107
Declaration of Intention to become a US citizen, 108
taking oath of allegiance in 1940, 109
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 185
Ellis Island, 14, 21–23, 36, 43
becoming national headquarters for deportation beginning in the 1920s, 17
becoming overcrowded in 1900s, 15
closure of in 1954, 19, 21, 22, 26, 164
Ellis Island Oral History Project, 37–38
few blacks coming through, 84
fire at in 1897, 44
fresh surge of immigrants in 1920s, 17
main building, 22, 75
new, fireproof building opening in 1900, 55
photo of dwarfs from Asia outside of, 68
reopened in 1990 after restoration, 277–78
opening of in 1892, 14, 44, 51
photos from, 22, 51, 54, 58, 62, 65, 68, 76, 84, 94, 98
reasons for immigration during the Ellis Island era, 27
Registry Room (Great Hall), 76, 116, 144–47
renaming as Ellis Island: The National Museum of Immigration, 22, 23
reopening to the public in 1990 after restoration, 277–78
as a security center for suspected subversives during 1950s, 18–19
twelve million processed during its operation, 26, 27
uses of during World War II, 18, 129
See also post-Ellis Island era
Ellis Island Immigration Museum, 19, 21
Ellis Island Interviews: In Their Own Words (Coan), 26, 234
“Ellis Island of the West,” 152
“El Perrero” [Dog Boy]. See Millan, Cesar
El Salvadore and El Salvadoran immigration
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1990s, 279
in 2000s, 307
and Temporary Protected Status, 319–20
Elwes, Cary, 258
Emerson Electric Co., 317
enemy aliens, 129
“Energetic Mind: The Revolutionary Style of Dog Training, The” (Millan), 289
Episcopal Church, 16
Escobar, Carlos, 295–98
Escobar, Pedro, 295, 298
Escobar, Rosalinda, 295, 298
Estefan, Emilio, 199, 222–29, 223
Estefan, Gloria, 165, 222, 223, 227–28
Estefan Enterprises, 222
E-Verify, 317
Ewing, Patrick, 232
Factor, Max, 56
Faison, George, 242, 243–46
Feagan, Christine (Sister), 314–28
Federov, Sergei, 279
Felix and Cynthia, mistreatment by the legal system, 323–25
Fermi, Enrico, 107
Fessaguet, Roger, 189
Field of Dreams (movie), 314
Filipinos. See Philippines
Firth, Colin, 232
Fisher Controls, 317
Fitzgerald, Patricia, 60–65
Flanagan, Edward “Father,” 56
Food Channel (TV network), 193, 272
Forbes, Malcolm, 216
Forbes, Steve, 216
Ford, Gerald, 231
Fox, Michael J., 233
France and French immigration to US
André Soltner's story, 210–21
Ariane Daguin's story, 240–47
de Gaulle changing constitution, 185
Hitler's conquests leading to “stateless” aliens from, 18
Jacques Pépin's story, 180–95
Jacques Torres's story, 272–76
not always filling quota for immigrants, 186, 214
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1930s, 106
in 1940s, 130
in 1950s, 164
Franey, Pierre, 188–89, 190, 191
Frankel, Max, 131
Frankfurter, Felix, 45
Fraser, Douglas, 88
French Culinary Institute (New York City), 180, 210, 272, 273
French immigration. See France and French immigration to US
“French White House,” 180, 185–86, 190
>
Fuentes, Daisy, 199
Gagnere, Olivier, 172
Garbo, Greta, 88
Garcia, Andy, 198, 199
Garvey, Marcus, 75
General Harry Taylor (ship), 149, 157
“Gentlemen's Agreement” of 1907, 16
Georgetown University, 260
Germany and German immigration to US
mail-order brides (picture brides), 93
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1890s, 45
in 1900s, 56
in 1910s, 74
in 1920s, 88
in 1930s, 106
in 1940s, 130
in 1950s, 164
in 1960s, 198
returning to Germany before World War II, 18
in steerage on the SS Bremen in 1925, 92
Tam Tran's story, 338–41
tattooed German stowaways in 1911, 79
treatment of immigrants during World War II, 18
Gibran Kahlil, 45
Godfather Part III, The (movie), 199
Goldman, Emma, 75
Goldwyn, Samuel, 45
Gomez, Iris, 200–209, 201
Gonzalez, Marie Nazareth, 330, 331–34
Google, 233
Gorky, Arshile, 88
Gosling, Ryan, 279
Got, Midori, 258
Graf, Steffi, 307
Graham, Bill, 131
Grammy Award, 222
Grant, Cary, 88
Grant, Madison, 74
Great Depression, 17, 44, 87
Great Dictator, The (movie), 147
Great Hall at Ellis Island. See Ellis Island, Registry Room
Greece and Greek immigration to US, 13, 14, 15, 17
Hitler's conquests leading to “stateless” aliens from, 18
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1900s, 56
in 1910s, 74
in 1960s, 198
Greeley, Horace, 30
green cards (permanent resident alien cards), 33, 36, 177, 187, 188, 214, 246, 261, 275, 291, 298, 310, 335–37
same rules applied to green card holders as other immigrants, 204, 207
See also visas; work permits
Gretzky, Wayne, 259
Grove, Andréw, 165
Guastavino's restaurant (New York City), 246
Guglielmi, Rodolfo. See Valentino, Rudolph
Haiti and Haitian immigration to US
admission of refugees after Bahamian government orders them to leave, 231
given temporary protected status after the earthquake, 205
Hamilton College, 335
Hansard, Glen, 279
Harrison, Benjamin, 14
Hart-Celler Act. See Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
Harvard University Medical School, 270
Hatch, Orrin, 329
Havana (movie), 199, 224
Hayek, Salma, 259
Hayman, Fred, 165
Haymes, Dick, 107
“head tax” on new immigrants in 1880s, 12
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, 236–37
Herkimer, NY, 158
Hernandez, Juano, 75
Hersholt, Jean, 75
HIAS. See Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society
Hill, Joe, 56
Hillman, Sidney, 57
Himmler, Heinrich, 122
Hispanic immigration, 277
impact on US population demographics in 2050, 343
and Marshalltown, Iowa, 314–15, 318–19, 320, 325, 327
See also individual countries, i. e., Cuba, Mexico, etc.
Hispanic Ministry Office, 314, 315
Hitler, Adolf, 105, 106, 121–22, 343
Ho, David, 199
Hodur, Francis, 45
Holocaust, 26, 164
David Saltman's story, 103
homosexual immigrants, 232
Hong Kong refugees, special permission given in 1962, 197
Hoover, Herbert, 87
Hope, Bob, 26, 57, 58
Hopkins, Anthony, 232
Houdini, Harry, 75
House Beautiful (magazine), 191
Hovnanian, Kevork S., 165
Howard Johnson Company, 180, 188–89
Howe, James Wong, 56
How Green Was My Valley (movie), 57
Hungarian Refugee Act of 1956, 163
Hungarian Revolution of 1956, 36, 164
Ava Rado-Harte's story, 166–69
Steve Keschl's story, 175–76
Hungary and Hungarian immigration to US
Ava Rado-Harte's story, 166–73
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1890s, 45
in 1900s, 56
in 1910s, 74
Hurok, Sol, 57
I-9 forms, 318
ICE. See Immigration and Customs Enforcement
illegal immigration
along Mexico–US border, 33, 34, 35
Carlos Escobar's story, 295–98
Cesar Millan's story, 280–94
crossing the Mexican–American border, 308
film about, 327
impact of on children, 323, 324–25
Jorge Munoz's story, 261–65
legal status of illegal immigrants
Felix and Cynthia, mistreatment by the legal system, 323–25
Juan and Elizabeth after Swift meatpacking raid, 320–23
Martha and Moises gaining citizenship, 325
major government crackdown in 2009, 306
Marie Gonzalez's story, 331–34
and Marshalltown, Iowa, 314–15, 317–21
Martine Kalaw's story, 335–37
need for a Social Security number to have “good papers,” 318
rise in children born to illegal immigrants in 2000s, 306
seen as a Mexican problem even though there are illegal Canadians too, 328
and Social Security numbers, 318, 324
black market for, 314
fraudulent use carrying prison time, 321–23
Martine Kalaw's story, 336
surge of in 2000s, 33
Tam Tran's story, 338–41
See also deportation
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, 278
Iman, 232
immigration, 26–27
comparison of numbers between Ellis Island era and the post-Ellis Island era, 27
as a contentious political issue
in 2000s, 306
in 2010s, 25
education levels of immigrants arriving in 2000s, 305
effect of 9/11 attacks, 305
golden era of, 11–19
legal status of lawful immigrants, 204–207
levels of
between 1880 and 1890, 43
in 1890s, 45
in 1900s, 15, 55, 56
in 1910s, 73, 74
in 1920s, 17, 87, 88
in 1930s, 17, 106
in 1940s, 130
in 1950s, 164
in 1960s, 198
in 1970s, 232
in 1980s, 258
in 1990s, 277
1993 poll showing Americans favoring decreases in immigration, 278
in 2000s, 305, 307
number of legal immigrants becoming naturalized citizens in 2005, 306
reverse immigration
after World War II, 18
during economic recession 2007–2008, 306
tied with America's quest to conquer the Western frontier, 30, 31
treatment of lawful immigrants, 204–207
See also green cards; illegal immigration; migration flows; “New Immigrants” (1954–2010); “Old Immigrants” (1892–1954); visas
Immigration Act of 1882, 12–13
Immigration Act of 1903, 15
Immigration Act of 1990, 277
Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 314, 317, 321, 324
cracking down on illegal immigration in 2009, 306
going door to door looking for illegal immigrant
s, 325–26
taking over some of INS duties in 2003, 306
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, 197
amendment to in 1969, 198
Supreme Court narrowing residency deportation provision in 1984, 257
Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952, 163
Immigration and Naturalization Service, 317
banning admission of homosexuals in 1979, 232
Border Patrols increased because of 1996 legislation, 278
formed in 1933, 106
merged into Department of Homeland Security in 2002, 305
moved from Labor Department to Justice Department in 1940, 129
organizing internment and detention facilities during World War II, 129
Supreme Court upholding Canadians and Mexicans commuting freely, 231
Immigration Quota Act of 1924. See National Origins Act of 1924 (setting permanent quotas)
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 257
Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 (setting temporary quotas), 17, 87, 105
Impellitteri, Vincent, 56
India and Indian immigration to US, 305
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1970s, 232
in 1980s, 258
in 1990s, 279
in 2000s, 307
Paul Laric immigrating from Yugoslavia to US through India, 133–48
INS. See Immigration and Naturalization Service
Internal Security Act of 1950, 18, 163
internment. See Japanese Americans, interned during World War II
Iowa Veterans Home, 317
Ireland and Irish immigration to US
being checked for glaucoma in the early 1920s, 98
Irish potato famine of 1845–1852, 43, 60
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1890s, 45
in 1900s, 56
in 1910s, 74
in 1920s, 88
in 1930s, 106
in 1940s, 130
in 1950s, 164
Patricia Fitzgerald's story, 60–65
Irglová, Markéta, 308
Istanbul University Medical School, 268
Italy and Italian immigration to US
Giacomo “Jack” Ubaldi's story, 81–86
in the 1880s, 13
one of top ten emigration countries
in 1890s, 45
in 1900s, 56
in 1910s, 73, 74
in 1920s, 88
in 1930s, 106
in 1940s, 130
in 1950s, 164
in 1960s, 198
in 1970s, 231, 232
Renata Nieri's story, 110–14
and World War II, 18
It's a Wonderful Life (movie), 56
J-1 visa. See visas
Jacques Torres Chocolate, 272
Jade (hip-hop artist), 291
Jamaica as one of top ten emigration countries
in 1970s, 232
in 1980s, 258
James, C. L. R., 164
James Beard Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award, 210
Japan and Japanese immigration to US
barred by Alien Land Law of California in 1913, 73