Emmett Till

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Emmett Till Page 87

by Devery S. Anderson

60 Minutes segment

  UPI International

  Urban League: criticism of

  on Till slaying

  vandalism

  Venson, Ethyl

  Venson, Ransom “R. Q.”

  Voting Rights Act of 1965

  Wade, Luther

  Wade v. State (1939)

  Wakefield, Dan: excursion with police

  interviews of locals

  on Mose Wright testimony

  at murder trial

  Walker, B. C.

  Walker, H. S. J.

  Walker, Robert

  Walters, Basil L. “Stuffy”

  Ward, Luke

  Ward, Sally

  Washington, DC

  Washington, Johnny B.

  Washington, Val

  Washington Afro-American

  Washington Post

  Waters, Enoch

  Watkins, Greg

  Watts, Deborah

  Webb, Mississippi

  Weber, Ed

  Wells, Ida B.

  Wesley, John Milton

  West Point Daily Times Leader

  Westbrook, P. M.

  Western Union

  Westmoreland, Lynn

  Wharton School

  Whitaker, Hugh Stephen

  and trial participants

  trial transcript

  White, Hugh

  criticism of Willie Reed’s mother

  on outsiders’ meddling

  and Till case

  on Till murder

  Whitfield, Stephen

  Whitt, Malcolm

  Whitt, Wendol

  Whitten, Jamie

  and attorneys

  on jury trial amendment

  Whitten, John

  background

  closing arguments

  death

  ethical issues

  H. C. Strider examination

  and Huie

  later encounter with Bryant

  later life

  legal argument

  praise for colleague

  on “Shocking Story”

  on Till trial

  Whitten, John, III

  Wier, Dana

  Wiggins, Tommy

  Wignor, Doug

  Wilkie, Shorty

  Wilkins, Roy

  on accusations

  conversation with Anna Crockett

  criticism of

  on grand jury decision

  and Mamie Bradley

  phone call with Joseph Tobias

  at rally

  on “Shocking Story”

  on Till murder

  Williams, E. W.

  Williams, Franklin

  conversation with Anna Crockett

  conversation with Mamie Bradley

  and Mose Wright on tour

  Williams, John Bell

  on “Shocking Story”

  Williams, Juan

  on grand jury decision

  Williams, Ollie

  Williams, Smallwood

  Wilson, Alex

  and Collins

  in Mound Bayou

  at murder trial

  and rumors

  Wilson, Betty Dewberry

  and rumors

  Wilson, Billy

  Wilson, John Henry

  Wilson, W. P.

  Winona, Mississippi

  Winter, William

  Withers, Ernest

  and iconic photo

  at murder trial

  Wolf, Edward

  wolf whistle

  Carolyn Bryant’s description of

  Cothran’s description of

  defense’s use of

  family description of

  press reports of

  revisionist accounts of

  trial description of

  Wolf Whistle and Other Stories

  Wood, Shelton

  Wood, Thelma

  Woods, B. A.

  Woodward, Tommy

  Woody, Gary

  Worthington, Ed

  Wright, Annie Cole

  Wright, Elizabeth Smith

  accompanies body

  attempted warning to Till

  on Bryant store incident

  flees to Sumner

  gives birth

  meeting with Huie

  other store incident

  and payment to kidnappers

  on Spell story

  on Till

  warning to sons

  in Washington, DC

  Wright, Fielding

  Wright, Lucinda Larry

  Wright, Maurice

  accused of collusion with Bryant

  at Bryant store

  death

  flees from store

  life after trial

  revisionist account of wolf whistle

  warning to Till about behavior

  Wright, Mose

  background

  on body at river

  on Bryant store incident

  cemetery incident

  comforted by neighbors

  as conscientious objector

  criticism of

  death

  defense theory regarding

  flees to Sumner

  flies to Seattle

  hears voice identify Till

  house description

  identifies body

  invites boys to Mississippi

  job offer

  on kidnappers

  on Leflore County grand jury

  life after Till trial

  meeting with Huie

  move to Chicago

  political views of

  questions about birthdate

  at rallies

  relationships with white people

  reports abduction

  rumors regarding

  on search for Till

  statement to defense attorneys

  threats against

  on Till

  travels with boys to Mississippi

  trial testimony

  visit to Chicago

  visited by reporters

  and West Coast tour

  witness to kidnapping

  Wright, Robert

  Wright, Simeon

  on autopsy issues

  and Bryant store

  at ceremony

  defense of brother

  description of father

  DNA test

  at exhumation

  on grand jury decision

  identifies ring

  life after Till murder

  on kidnapping

  on Mamie Bradley marriage to Mallory

  on new investigation

  Oxford meeting

  60 Minutes segment

  on Till

  Wright, Will

  Yazoo City Herald

  Yorty, Sam

  Young, Frank

  failure to testify

  meeting with investigators

  reports story of accomplices

  Zama, Ella: meeting with investigators

  plantation

  Zanchi, Anna

  Zeidler, Frank

  Thirteen-year-old Emmett Till poses in front of the family television on December 27, 1954. Copyright © Estate of Mamie Till-Mobley. Reprinted by permission.

  Emmett Till and his mother, Mamie Bradley, in a mother-son portrait taken in their home on December 27, 1954. Copyright © Estate of Mamie Till-Mobley. Reprinted by permission.

  Bryant’s Grocery and Meat Market located in Money, Mississippi. It was here where Emmett Till had a brief encounter with twenty-one-year-old Carolyn Bryant on Wednesday, August 24, 1955, that set off the chain of events that led to his kidnapping and murder. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Carolyn Bryant. AP Photo.

  Twenty-four-year-old Roy Bryant, husband of Carolyn Bryant, was tried for kidnapping and murdering Emmett Till. Behind him sits his twin brother, Raymond Bryant. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted
by permission.

  Thirty-six-year-old J. W. Milam, half-brother of Roy Bryant, who stood trial for kidnapping and murdering Emmett Till. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Home of Mose Wright, East Money, Mississippi. Emmett Till was kidnapped from this house in the early morning hours of Sunday, August 28, 1955. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Mose Wright, holding a pair of pants belonging to his nephew, Emmett Till. He stands in the room where Till was sleeping at the time of the abduction. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Leflore County sheriff George Smith, who arrested Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam for the kidnapping of Emmett Till. Robert Williams/Commercial Appeal/Landov.

  Tallahatchie County sheriff H. C. Strider, under whose jurisdiction the murder of Emmett Till fell. AP photo.

  Mamie Bradley collapses at Chicago’s Central Street train station as her son’s body arrives by train on Friday morning, September 2, 1955. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Visual Materials from the NAACP Records.

  Emmett Till as he appeared in his casket. His mother insisted on an open-casket funeral so that “the world can see what they did to my boy.” Chicago Defender. Reprinted by permission.

  Mamie Bradley buries her son at Burr Oak Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois, Tuesday, September 6, 1955. That same day in Mississippi, J. W. Milam and Roy Bryant were indicted for the kidnapping and murder of Emmett Till. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Tallahatchie County courthouse in Sumner, Mississippi, where the Emmett Till murder trial was held September 19–23, 1955. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Circuit Judge Curtis Swango, who presided at the Emmett Till murder trial. He was praised by all sides for his fairness during the proceedings. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Prosecution team. From left: Tallahatchie County attorney J. Hamilton Caldwell, District Attorney Gerald W. Chatham, and specially appointed prosecutor Robert B. Smith. Robert Williams/Commercial Appeal/Landov.

  Defense team. From left: J. W. Kellum, C. Sidney Carlton, Harvey Henderson, John W. Whitten, and J. J. Breland. These five attorneys constituted the entire Sumner bar. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Mamie Bradley, her cousin Rayfield Mooty (left), and Bradley’s father, Wiley Nash “John” Carthan (back), leave Chicago to attend the murder trial in Sumner. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  The all-white, all-male jury that would decide the fate of J. W. Milam and Roy Bryant. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. NYWT and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection.

  Members of the black press, crowded around a card table meant to accommodate only four people, sit segregated from white reporters. Although white reporters were allowed to sit behind the jury and closer to the witness chair, black reporters sat on the opposite side of the courtroom behind the railing separating court officials from spectators. Beginning on day two of the trial, Sheriff Strider replaced the table with a new one that accommodated ten seats. From Shocking the Conscience: A Reporter’s Account of the Civil Rights Movement by Simeon Booker, with Carol McCabe Booker (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2013).

  Mose Wright, the star witness for the prosecution, heads into the courtroom to testify on Wednesday morning, September 21, 1955. Robert Williams/Commercial Appeal/Landov.

  Mose Wright stands and identifies the men who abducted his nephew, Emmett Till, from his home. Corbis/Bettman.

  State witness Chester Miller, manager of the Century Burial Association in Greenwood, Mississippi. Miller took Emmett Till’s body from the Tallahatchie River to the mortuary, where pathologist Luther B. Otken briefly examined it. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Defense attorney J. W. Kellum holds a key piece of evidence—the ring found on Emmett Till’s finger when the body was retrieved from the Tallahatchie River. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  The cotton gin fan that was used to weigh down Emmett Till’s body in the Tallahatchie River. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. NYWT and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection.

  Surprise witnesses for the prosecution who were located after the trial began. From left: Mandy Bradley, Willie Reed, and Walter Billingsley. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Shed (on the left) located on the Sturdivant plantation west of Drew, Mississippi, where Willie Reed heard sounds of a beating on Sunday morning, August 31, 1955. The section to the right (behind the truck) with closed door contains a small room where four white men beat and murdered Emmett Till. Ed Clark/The LIFE Picture Collection /Getty Images.

  Dr. T. R. M. Howard (center) was the key figure in tracking down witnesses for the prosecution. He stands with Michigan representative Charles C. Diggs Jr. (right), who attended the trial as a private observer. Surrounding them are John Carthan (left), Walter Billingsley (back), Mamie Bradley, and Mandy Bradley (front right). Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Juanita Milam (left) holds son Bill, as her husband, J. W. Milam, balances son Harvey while conferring with attorney J. W. Kellum. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  The defendants and their wives celebrate their acquittal for the murder of Emmett Till on Friday, September 23, 1955. From left: Roy Bryant, Carolyn Bryant, Juanita Milam, and J. W. Milam. Ned R. McWherter Library, Special Collections, University of Memphis. Reprinted by permission.

  Twelve-year-old Simeon Wright sits on the bed he shared with Emmett Till on the night of Till’s kidnapping and murder. The Wright family, like other prosecution witnesses, fled to Chicago after the trial to begin life anew. Commercial Appeal/Landov.

  Mamie Till-Mobley in the 1990s. She never gave up the pursuit of justice for her son and always wanted to see his case reopened. Copyright © Estate of Mamie Till-Mobley. Reprinted by permission.

  Filmmaker Keith Beauchamp. In the late 1990s, Beauchamp began research for a documentary film project on the Emmett Till case, working closely with Mamie Till-Mobley. Results of his findings, which included interviews with witnesses telling their story on film for the first time, were turned over to the FBI and played a major role in the 2004 decision to reopen the case. His film, The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till, was released in theaters in 2005 and later played on Court TV (now TruTV). Copyright © Amanda Sharise Anderson. Printed by permission.

  Stanley Nelson, whose documentary The Murder of Emmett Till premiered on PBS’s The American Experience in January 2003. His film, along with his uncovering of new witnesses, was also reviewed by the FBI. At screenings, Nelson passed out postcards for audience members to send to the Mississippi attorney general’s office encouraging officials to reopen the case. The film went on to win an Emmy in 2003. Firelight Media. Printed by permission.

  Civil rights activist Alvin Sykes, who contacted Mamie Till-Mobley a week prior to her death and formed the Emmett Till Justice Campaign. His efforts helped get the attention of the federal government, which eventually opened an investigation into the Till case in May 2004. Kansas City Library. Printed by permission.

  FBI agent Dale Killinger, of Oxford, Mississippi, conducted a federal investigation into the Emmett Till murder from May 2004 until November 2005. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Printed by permission.

  Shed near Drew, Mississippi, where Emmett Till was beaten and killed, as it appears today. In 2005, the
FBI tested the shed with luminol and sifted through the dirt floor with hopes of finding fifty-year-old clues to the murder. Copyright © Amanda Sharise Anderson. Printed by permission.

  District Attorney Joyce Chiles, whose jurisdiction over Mississippi’s Fourth Judicial District included Leflore, Sunflower, and Washington Counties. It would be up to her to decide whether the FBI’s findings should lead to the prosecution of any living individuals for the murder of Emmett Till. AP Photo/Rogelio Solis.

  Event held on October 2, 2007, in front of the courthouse in Sumner, Mississippi, sponsored by the bipartisan Emmett Till Memorial Commission. On this occasion, the county officially expressed regret and sorrow for the murder and unjust verdict in the Till murder trial. Author’s collection.

  Simeon Wright speaks at the event in Sumner, Mississippi, on October 2, 2007, and accepts the resolution signed by the fourteen members of the Emmett Till Memorial Commission. Author’s collection.

  Wheeler Parker Jr. speaks at the event in Sumner, Mississippi, on October 2, 2007. Author’s collection.

  State senator David L. Jordan, who attended the 1955 Emmett Till murder trial, served as master of ceremonies for the event in Sumner, Mississippi, on October 2, 2007. Author’s collection.

  Former governor William F. Winter speaks to the crowd at the event in Sumner, Mississippi, on October 2, 2007. Author’s collection.

  Betty and Bill Pearson, who hosted several members of the press in their home during the 1955 Emmett Till murder trial. Betty Pearson attended all five days of the trial, sitting with the white press, along with her friend Florence Mars. One of Tallahatchie County’s few white liberals, she was elected cochair of the Emmett Till Memorial Commission in 2006 and served until moving to Davis, California, in 2009. Copyright © Amanda Sharise Anderson. Printed by permission.

  Jerome Little, president of the Tallahatchie County Board of Supervisors, speaks before unveiling a new marker on the grounds of the courthouse in Sumner, Mississippi, on October 2, 2007. Directly behind him stands Robert L. Grayson, Tutwiler, Mississippi, mayor and cochair of the Emmett Till Memorial Commission. Tallahatchie County sheriff William L. Brewer with sunglasses stands to the left. Author’s collection.

 

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