ἀπαρέμφατος. 102 20. Infinitive. Lat. infinitivus (sc. modus). [The infinitive, unlike the indicative and other moods, does not indicate difference of meaning by means of inflexions denoting number and person. Whence the Greek name: cp. παρεμφατικός, infra.]
ἀπαριθμεῖν. 268 8. To recount, to run over. Lat. percensere.
ἀπαρτίζειν. 194 16. To round off, to complete. Lat. adaequare, absolvere. Cp. de Demosth. c. 50 καὶ μέτρα τὰ μὲν ἀπηρτισμένα καὶ τέλεια, τὰ δ’ ἀτελῆ: Ev. Luc. xiv. 28 τίς γὰρ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θέλων πύργον οἰκοδομῆσαι, οὐχὶ πρῶτον καθίσας ψηφίζει τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ ἔχει τὰ πρὸς ἀπαρτισμόν (completion); So κατὰ ἀπαρτισμόν, in 246 18, means completely, absolutely, narrowly. In Classical Review xxiii. 82, the present writer has suggested that κατὰ ἀπαρτισμόν are the words missing in Oxyrhynchus Papyri vi. 116, where Grenfell and Hunt give ἐν πλάτει καὶ οὐ κ[.............]ν. θεωρητέα ἐστίν, or the like, may have preceded: c 26 supra (and note).
ἀπαρχαί. 76 2. Firstfruits. Lat. primitiae. Used here in connexion with the verb προχειρισάμενος, cum delibavero.
ἀπατηλός. 236 10. Seductive. Lat. suavis et oblectans, illecebrosus.
ἀπερίγραφος. 232 4. Not circumscribed. Lat. nullis limitibus circumscriptus.
ἀπερίοδος. 234 23, 276 1. Without a period. Lat. periodo non absolutus.
ἀπευθύνειν. 130 1. To regulate. Lat. tamquam ad regulam dirigere.
ἀπηνής. 228 15. Crabbed, rugged. Lat. durus.
ἁπλοῦς. 144 8, 17, 176 3. Simple, uncompounded. Lat. simplex.
ἀποίητος. 70 4. In plain prose. Lat. prosaicus. Cp. s.v. ἄμετρος.
ἀποκλείειν. 144 23. To shut off, to intercept. Lat. intercludere.
ἀποκόπτειν. 142 8, 230 19. To cut short. Lat. rescindere. So ἐξ ἀποκοπῆς (142 3) = with a snap, abruptly. See the exx. given, s.v. ἀποκοπή, in Demetr. .
ἀποκυματίζειν. 240 22. To ruffle. Lat. reddere inquietum, fluctibus agitare.
ἀπορριπίζειν. 144 24, 150 1. To blow away. Lat. flatu abigere. In both these passages there is some manuscript support for ἀπορραπίζειν. In 144 24 the sense (with ἀπορραπιζούσης) would be ‘to send out the breath in beats,’ ‘to cause the breath to vibrate.’
ἀποτραχύνειν. 218 9, 230 24. To roughen. Lat. exasperare.
ἀργός. 210 22. Unwrought. Lat. rudis. In 250 8 ἀργία is used for ‘idleness,’ with reference to the Epicurean attitude towards the refinements of style.
ἄρθρον. 70 17. Article. Lat. articulus. See D.H. p, 186; Demetr. . ἄρθρον (‘joint’) and σύνδεσμος (‘sinew’ or ‘ligament’) are terms borrowed from anatomy.
ἀριθμοί. 244 27. Numbers, cadences. Lat. numeri, numeri oratorii. Cp. de Demosth. c. 53 φέρε γὰρ ἐπιχειρείτω τις προφέρεσθαι τούσδε τοὺς ἀριθμούς· Ὄλυνθον μὲν δὴ καὶ Μεθώνην κτλ. As Aristotle (Rhet. iii. 8. 2) says, περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά.
ἀριστεῖα. 182 12. Lead, supremacy. Lat. primas (dare).
Ἀριστοφάνειος. 256 13, 258 9. Aristophanic. Lat. Aristophaneus. The reference is to the anapaestic tetrameter called ‘Aristophanic.’ Hephaestion (Ench. c. 8) explains the term thus: κέκληται δὲ Ἀριστοφάνειον, οὐκ Ἀριστοφάνους αὐτὸ εὑρόντος πρῶτον, ἐπεὶ καὶ παρὰ Κρατίνῳ ἐστί·
χαίρετε δαίμονες οἳ Λεβάδειαν Βοιώτιον οὖθαρ ἀρούρης·
ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ τὸν Ἀριστοφάνην πολλῷ αὐτῷ κεχρῆσθαι.
ἁρμογή. 112 13, 218 9, 236 5, 270 9. Junction, combination. Lat. coagmentatio.
ἁρμονία. 72 6, 9, 74 4, 10, 19, 84 9, 15, 90 5, 94 15, 104 19, 114 14, 17, 116 15, 20, passim. Adjustment, arrangement, balance, harmonious composition. Lat. apta structura, concinna orationis compositio, aptus ordo partium inter se cohaerentium. Fr. enchaînement. But, as distinguished from ἁρμογή or from σύνθεσις, ἁρμονία seems usually to connote ‘harmony’ in the more restricted (musical) sense of notes in fitting sequence: cp. our ‘arrangement’ of a song or piece of music. In fact, Dionysius’ three ἁρμονίαι might well be described as three ‘modes of composition,’ and ‘tune’ (the meaning which ἁρμονία bears in Aristot. Rhet. iii. 1. 4) might sometimes serve as a suitable rendering even in reference to literary composition or oratorical rhythm. The original use of the word in Greek carpentry (which employed dovetailing in preference to nails) finds an excellent illustration in the words of a contemporary of Dionysius, Strabo (Geogr. iv. 4): διόπερ οὐ συνάγουσι τὰς ἁρμονίας τῶν σανίδων, ἀλλ’ ἀραιώματα καταλείπουσιν. We have perhaps no single English word which can, like ἁρμονία, incline, according to the context, to the literal sense (‘a fitting,’ ‘a juncture’), or to the metaphorical meaning (‘harmony,’ as ‘harmony’ was understood by the Greeks); but see T. Wilson’s definition of ‘composition’ under σύνθεσις, infra, and compare one of the definitions of ‘harmony’ in the New English Dictionary: “pleasing combination or arrangement of sounds, as in poetry or in speaking: sweet or melodious sound.” — The verb ἁρμόττειν is found in 98 6, 104 17, etc.
ἀρρενικός. 106 21. Of the masculine gender. Lat. masculinus.
ἀρτηρία. 140 21, 142 4, 144 5, 20, 148 17. Windpipe. Lat. arteria.
ἀρχαϊσμός. 212 23. A touch of antiquity. Lat. sermonis prisci imitatio. Cp. ἀρχαϊκός, 216 20, 228 8. So ἀρχαιοπρεπῆ σχήματα (236 8) = figurae orationis quae vetustatem redolent. As Quintilian (viii. 3. 27) says, “quaedam tamen adhuc vetera vetustate ipsa gratius nitent.” Cp. D.H. (s.v. ἀρχαιοπρεπής) and Demetr. (s.v. ἀρχαιοειδής): also de Demosth. c. 48.
ἀρχαί. 136 22, 140 13. First beginnings. Lat. principia.
ἄσεμνος. 110 20, 170 20, 176 12, 192 11. Undignified. Lat. dignitatis expers, minime venerandus. Cp. D.H. .
ἄσημος. 256 22, 262 6. Unnoticed. Lat. obscurus.
ἄσιγμος. 148 1. Without a sigma. Lat. carens littera sigma.
ᾆσμα. 196 2. Song, lay. Lat. carmen, canticum.
ἀσύμμετρος. 124 8, 236 1. Incommensurable, disproportionate, incorrect. Lat. incommensurabilis, sine iusta proportione, inconcinnus. So ἀσυμμετρία 232 19. Some good illustrations (drawn from Cicero) of constructions symétriques will be found in Laurand’s Études sur le style des discours de Cicéron p-21.
ἀσύμμικτος. 218 12. Unblended, or incapable of being blended. Lat. non permixtus, s. qui permisceri non potest.
ἀσύμφωνος. 122 23. Out of tune. Lat. dissonus.
ἄτακτος. 156 20, 254 16. Disordered, irregular. Lat. perturbatus, nullo ordine compositus, incompositus.
ἀτοπία. 130 26. Awkwardness, clumsiness. Lat. rusticitas, ineptia.
αὐθάδης. 228 9. Wilful, headstrong, unbending. Lat. ferox, pertinax. Cp. Long. de Subl. xxxii. 3 ὁ δὲ Δημοσθένης οὐχ οὕτως μὲν αὐθάδης ὥσπερ οὗτος (sc. ὁ Θουκυδίδης), κτλ.
αὐθέκαστος. 212 23. Outspoken, downright. Lat. rigidus. In Plutarch’s Cato c. 6 Cato is described as ἀπαραίτητος ὢν ἐν τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας προστάγμασιν ὄρθιος κα
ὶ αὐθέκαστος (cp. the rigida innocentia attributed to him by Livy xxxix. 40. 10). In Aristotle (Eth. Nic. iv. 7. 4) the αὐθέκαστος hits the mean between the ἀλαζών and the εἴρων.
αὐλός. 142 2. Passage, channel. Lat. meatus.
αὐστηρός. 208 26, 210 15, 216 17, 21, 228 15, 232 22, 248 9. Austere, severe. Lat. severus (cp. Quintil. ix. 4. 97, 120, 128). Compare the antithetic expressions quoted from Dionysius in D.H. , and add de Demosth. c. 38 init. Also see s.v. στρυφνός, infra.
αὐτάρκης. 212 17, 282 2. Sufficient, self-sufficing. Lat. sufficiens, per se sufficiens.
αὐτίκα. 98 7, 194 2, 256 7, 268 6. To begin with, for example. Lat. exempli gratia.
αὐτόματος. 256 19. Self-acting, spontaneous. Lat. spontaneus, ultroneus. Cp. αὐτομάτως 212 12; αὐτοματίζειν 204 5; αὐτοματισμός 218 3, 258 1, 24. In 256 19 ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου = sponte sua, fortuito.
αὐτοσχέδιος. 212 1, 260 14, 262 3. Improvised. Lat. fortuitus, extemporalis, inelaboratus, tumultuarius. So αὐτοσχεδίως 260 25, and αὐτοσχεδιάζειν 256 19 (πολλὰ γὰρ αὐτοσχεδιάζει μέτρα ἡ φύσις = multos versus sponte solet natura effundere). Cp. Demetr. s.v. αὐτοσχεδιάζειν, and see σχέδιος infra.
αὐτοτελής. 118 6, 140 1. Complete in itself, absolute. Lat. perfectus, absolutus. So αὐτοτελῶς 140 3. The meaning of the word is well illustrated by Diodorus Siculus xii. 1 init. οὔτε γὰρ τῶν νομιζομένων ἀγαθῶν οὐδὲν ὁλόκληρον εὑρίσκεται δεδομένον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις οὔτε τῶν κακῶν αὐτοτελὲς ἄνευ εὐχρηστίας.
αὐτουργός. 196 15. Self-wrought, rudely wrought. Lat. rudis. Cp. de Demosth. c. 39 (as quoted s.v. συναπαρτίζειν, infra). — The active sense of αὐτουργός finds a good illustration in Euripides’ well-known line: αὐτουργός, οἵπερ καὶ μόνοι σῴζουσι γῆν (Orest. 920).
ἀφαίρεσις. 104 20, 114 12, 116 17. Deduction, abridgment. Lat. detractio. In 116 17 τῆς ἀφαιρέσεως δὲ τίς (τρόπος) almost = ‘what is the nature of ellipsis?’ As line 18 shows, something necessary to the sense is supposed to be omitted: e.g. the presence of αὐτός in 116 22 implies a contrast with ἕτερος (118 1).
ἀφανίζειν. 166 10, 260 1, 272 2. To put out of sight. Lat. abscondere.
ἀφελής. 212 14. Simple, plain. Lat. simplex, subtilis. Cp. D.H. .
ἀφορμή. 96 23. Starting-point. Lat. initium, principium. Cp. Dionys. Hal. Antiq. Rom. i. 4 τῆς ἀοιδίμου γενομένης καθ’ ἡμᾶς πόλεως, ἀδόξους πάνυ καὶ ταπεινὰς τὰς πρώτας ἀφορμὰς λαβούσης.
ἀφροδίτη. 74 13. Beauty. Lat. venustas, venus. Cp. de Lysia c. 11 ἐὰν δὲ μηδεμίαν ἡδονὴν μηδὲ ἀφροδίτην ὁ τῆς λέξεως χαρακτὴρ ἔχῃ, δυσωπῶ καὶ ὑποπτεύω μήποτ’ οὐ Λυσίου ὁ λόγος, καὶ οὐκέτι βιάζομαι τὴν ἄλογον αἴσθησιν: also c. 18 ibid.
ἄφωνος. 138 13, 140 3, 146 5, 148 11, 20, 220 10. Voiceless, mute. Lat. vocis expers, mutus. From the standpoint of the modern science of phonetics, in which the term ‘voiceless’ is reserved for sounds that are not accompanied by a vibration of the vocal chords, it might be well in the translation of this word to substitute ‘non-vocalic’ for ‘voiceless,’ and ‘vocalic’ for ‘voiced.’
ἄχαρις. 110 20, 146 12. Graceless. Lat. invenustus.
βαίνειν. 86 1. To scan. Lat. scandere. Cp. Aristot. Metaph. xiii. 6, 1093 a 30 βαίνεται δὲ [τὸ ἔπος] ἐν μὲν τῷ δεξιῷ ἐννέα συλλαβαῖς, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἀριστερῷ ὀκτώ. — In 236 4 βεβηκώς is used of a firm, regular tread: Lat. incedere.
βακχεῖος. 174 23, 180 12, 182 19. Bacchius. The metrical foot – – ᴗ.
βαρύς. 126 6, 8, 10, 16, 128 5, 8. Grave (accent), low (pitch). Lat. gravis. Cp. Monro Modes of Ancient Greek Music : “Our habit of using Latin translations of the terms of Greek grammar has tended to obscure the fact that they belong in almost every case to the ordinary vocabulary of music. The word for ‘accent’ (τόνος) is simply the musical term for ‘pitch’ or ‘key.’ The words ‘acute’ (ὀξύς) and ‘grave’ (βαρύς) mean nothing more than ‘high’ and ‘low’ in pitch. A syllable may have two accents, just as in music a syllable may be sung with more than one note.” So βαρύτης 126 13 = ‘low pitch.’ — In 120 23 and 236 8 βάρος = ‘gravity’ (in the sense of ‘dignity’), Fr. gravité.
βάσις. 142 13, 210 22, 212 16, 220 4, 230 31, 232 4, 234 7. Base. Lat. basis, fundamentum. — The word is specially used of a measured step or metrical movement, — of a rhythmical clause in a period and particularly of its rhythmical close (Lat. clausula). In 230 30 and 232 5 it is the iambic endings προγεγενημένων and διανοούμενον that are considered objectionable (ἀνέδραστοι, ἀπερίγραφοι: endings such as πορείαν and ἀκουσάντων would be regarded as ἀσφαλεῖς, de Demosth. cc. 24, 26). Terminations of this kind will be avoided in a style (like the γλαφυρὰ σύνθεσις) which desires τῶν περιόδων τὰς τελευτὰς εὐρύθμους εἶναι, — desires that the chutes of the periods should be nombreuses. — Further light on the meaning of βάσις will be found in de Demosth. cc. 24, 39, 43, 45.
βοστρυχίζειν. 264 22. To curl, to dress the hair. Lat. crines calamistro convertere. Cp. the use of concinni in Cic. de Orat. iii. 25. 100.
βούλεσθαι. 220 9, 234 5, 14, 19, 236 4, 7, etc. To aim, to aspire. Lat. studere. Cp. D.H. , Demetr. . This meaning (‘aims at being,’ ‘tends to be’) is, of course, Platonic and Aristotelian.
βραχυσύλλαβος. 168 17. Consisting of short syllables. Lat. brevibus syllabis constans.
βραχύτης. 150 22, 154 6. Shortness. Lat. brevitas.
γένεσις. 138 3. Origin. τὴν γένεσιν λαμβάνει = Lat. originem sumit.
γενικός. 68 20, 118 21, 208 21. General, generic. Lat. generalis.
γενναῖος. 68 4, 136 13, 146 10, 148 9, 172 1, 176 9, 10. Noble. Lat. generosus. Such English renderings as ‘virile,’ ‘robust,’ ‘gallant,’ ‘splendid,’ ‘high-spirited’ may also be suggested. In Plato Rep. ii. 372 B μάζας γενναίας = ‘lordly cakes’; in Long. de Subl. xv. 7 οἱ γενναῖοι = ‘fine, grand, gallant fellows.’ Cp. C.V. 170 9 μαλακώτερος θατέρου καὶ ἀγεννέστερος.
γλαφυρός. 136 14, 208 26, 212 16, 216 20, 232 25, 248 9. Smooth, polished, elegant. Lat. politus, ornatus, elegans. Fr. élégant, orné, poli. Cp. Demetr. , and de Isocr. c. 2 ὁ γὰρ ἀνὴρ οὕτος τὴν εὐέπειαν ἐκ παντὸς διώκει καὶ τοῦ γλαφυρῶς λέγειν στοχάζεται μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ ἀφελῶς, and de Demosth. c. 40 ἡ δὲ μετὰ ταύτην ἡ γλαφυρὰ καὶ θεατρικὴ καὶ τὸ κομψὸν αἱρουμένη πρὸ τοῦ σεμνοῦ τοιαύτη.
γλυκαίνειν. 130 18, 134 10, 154 12. To touch with sweetness. Lat. delenire, voluptate perfundere. Cp. γλυκύτης 120 21, γλυκύς 146 9.
γλυπτός. 264 18. Carven, chiselled. Lat. caelatus. So γλυφή, carving, 120 1.
γλῶττα. 78 17. An unfamiliar term. Lat. vocabulum inusitatum. So γλωττηματικός, 252 23, 272 11, and D.H. , s.v. Obsolete, or obsolescent, words (mots surannés) are often meant. — In 80 17 γλῶττα = διάλεκτος (88 26).
γοητεύειν. 122 16, 134 13. To entice. Lat. pellicere.
γράμμα. 130 21, 138 5, etc. Letter of the al
phabet. Lat. littera. ἡ γραμματική (140 11) = grammar; γραμμαί (138 2) = the lines, or strokes, from which γράμματα are formed. In 264 18 γραπτός = written.
γραφή. 68 12, 184 18, 186 1, 206 23, 228 12. Writing, composition (in the wider sense). In 118 24 and 234 13 γραφαί = pictures.
γυμνασία. 206 24, 282 2, 4. Exercise, lesson. Lat. exercitatio. So γυμνάζειν (134 4), to practise, to train.
δάκτυλος. 84 21, 172 16, 202 19. Dactyl. The metrical foot – ᴗ ᴗ.
δασύς. 148 12, 13, 18, 19, 150 3, 12. Rough, aspirated. Lat. asper. So δασύτης 148 21, 150 2 and δασύνειν 148 8. Cp. Aristot. Poet. c. 20 for δασύτης and ψιλότης, and see A. J. Ellis English, Dionysian, and Hellenic Pronunciations of Greek p, 46, where δασύς and ψιλός are translated by ‘rough’ and ‘smooth,’ which seems the safest course to follow when (as here) the terminology of Dionysius’ phonetics is full of difficulties. Aristotle (De audibilibus 804 b 8) defines thus: δασεῖαι δ’ εἰσὶ τῶν φωνῶν ὅσαις ἔσωθεν τὸ πνεῦμα εὐθέως συνεκβάλλομεν μετὰ τῶν φθόγγων, ψιλαὶ δ’ εἰσὶ τοὐναντίον ὅσαι γίγνονται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκβολῆς.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 134