Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  ἐπιτερπής. 228 12. Delightful. Lat. iucundus.

  ἐπιτετηδευμένως. 260 25. Deliberately. Lat. de industria. Cp. ἐπιτηδεύειν 136 18, and ἀνεπιτήδευτος ( supra).

  ἐπιτήδευσις. 70 6, 212 19. Pains, study. Lat. studium, industria.

  ἐπιτρόχαλος. 180 14. Running, tripping. Lat. velox, volubilis. Cp. de Demosth. c. 40 ἐπιτρόχαλος δή τις γίνεται καὶ καταφερὴς ἡ ῥύσις τῆς λέξεως, ὥσπερ κατὰ πρανοῦς φερόμενα χωρίου νάματα μηδενὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντικρούοντος. — In Hom. Il. iii. 213 ἐπιτροχάδην = trippingly, unfalteringly.

  ἐπιτυχής. 268 13. Successful. Lat. voti compos.

  ἐπιφέρειν. 88 16. To quote. Lat. citare, laudare, proferre. Cp. Demetr. .

  ἐποποιός. 194 2, 236 15. Epic poet. Lat. poëta epicus. So τὰ ἔπη (270 19) = versus epici.

  ἐποχή. 204 2. Delay, suspense. Lat. impedimentum, retentio.

  ἐπῳδός. 194 12, 278 9. After-song, coda, epode. In this sense (that of the part of a lyric ode which is sung after the strophe and antistrophe) the word is feminine. In 194 20, if the masculine ὀλίγοις is rightly read, the special meaning of ἐπῳδός will be refrain, burden: a meaning somewhat nearer that of the Latin epodos.

  ἐρείδειν. 142 13. To thrust. Lat. trudere. So ἔρεισις 204 4. In 210 16 ἐρείδεσθαι = to be firmly planted.

  ἑρμηνεία. 66 18, 76 9, 78 19, 84 11, 172 17, 182 5. Expression, style. Lat. elocutio. The word appears in the title of the treatise περὶ ἑρμηνείας which passes under the name of Demetrius. So ἑρμηνεύειν (to express) in 76 9, 186 18, 204 8, 260 20. Cp. Demetr. (s.v. ἑρμηνεία and ἑρμηνεύειν).

  ἐτυμολογία. 160 6. Etymology: with reference to Plato’s Cratylus. For Latin equivalents cp. Quintil. i. 6. 28 “etymologia, quae verborum originem inquirit, a Cicerone dicta est notatio, quia nomen eius apud Aristotelem invenitur σύμβολον, quod est nota; nam verbum ex verbo ductum, id est veriloquium, ipse Cicero, qui finxit, reformidat. sunt qui vim potius intuiti originationem vocent.”

  εὐγενής. 136 11, 178 14, 21, 180 3. Well-born, noble. Lat. generosus. So εὐγενεία 192 8. The εὐγενής is not necessarily γενναῖος (Aristot. Rhet. ii. 15. 3).

  εὔγλωσσος. 70 2. Pleasant on the tongue. Lat. suavis.

  εὔγραμμος. 230 31, 246 3. Well-drawn, well-defined. Lat. definitus.

  εὐγώνιος. 210 22. Four-square. Lat. qui angulis rectis constat, quadratus.

  εὐέπεια. 240 5, 18, 246 1, 268 28. Beauty of language. Lat. verborum elegantia. In this treatise Dionysius clearly uses the word with special reference to his main subject — beauty of sound, euphony. So also εὐεπής 218 10, 222 6, 224 2, 228 5, 230 20; and εὐεπῶς 232 11. In the Classical Review xviii. 19 the present writer has tried to show that, even in an author so early as Sophocles (Oed. Tyr. 928), the word εὐέπεια is to be understood in a rhetorical sense (‘elegant language,’ ‘neatly-turned phrase’: with direct reference to the employment of a ‘figure’ of rhetoric). But, later, the word was used of ‘eloquence’ generally (as in the well-known epigram of Simmias on the tomb of Sophocles himself); and to this wider meaning Dionysius here gives a special turn of his own.

  εὐήτριος. 234 12. With fine thread, well-woven. Lat. bene textus.

  εὔκαιρος. 134 18, 196 25. Timely. Lat. opportunus, tempestivus. So εὐκαίρως 132 3, εὐκαιρίαν 242 3.

  εὐκαταφρόνητος. 74 12. Contemptible. Lat. abiectus, humilis.

  εὔκρατος. 210 1, 246 11. Well-blended. Lat. temperatus. Cp. de Demosth. c. 3 ἡ Θρασυμάχειος ἑρμηνεία, μέση τοῖν δυεῖν καὶ εὔκρατος: Cic. Orat. 6. 21 “est autem quidam interiectus inter hos medius et quasi temperatus,” etc. — Both in 210 1 and in 246 11 the well-supported variant κοινήν is to be noted: it may conceivably have originated in a gloss on εὔκρατον. — In 220 17 the similar adjective εὐκέραστος is used, though not in reference to the three ἁρμονίαι.

  εὐλάβεια. 234 17. Caution. Lat. cautio. Used in the phrase δι’ εὐλαβείας ἔχει.

  εὔλογος. 158 12. Reasonable. Lat. rationi consentaneus. The reference is to resemblances which are not ἄλογοι, but have a natural basis and are grounded in reason.

  εὐμελής. 130 6, 134 9. Melodious. Lat. canorus. — On the other hand, ἐμμελής = in melody, set to music: 124 10, 130 6, 254 2, 8, 270 5; and so ἐμμέλεια 122 21, 182 2, 266 4.

  εὔμετρος. 254 6. Metrical; possessing good metrical qualities. Lat. metricus. — On the other hand, ἔμμετρος = in metre: 74 4, 76 1, 168 8, 176 1, 21, 254 2, 4, 14, 270 5. In 270 10 ἐμμετρία has good manuscript authority. Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 8. 1 τὸ δὲ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον.

  εὔμορφος. 84 2, 144 3, 162 1. Of beautiful form. Lat. formosus. So εὐμορφία 168 4, 264 16.

  εὐπάθεια. 250 4. Pleasure. Lat. voluptas. Plur. εὐπάθειαι = Lat. deliciae.

  εὐπαίδευτος. 228 10. Scholarly, cultured. Lat. doctus.

  εὐπετής. 218 10, 222 6. Flowing easily. Lat. volubilis. [According to the reading of P in each passage. But εὐεπές should probably be read.] Cp. εὔρους in 240 21 and (according to P) in 196 25.

  εὐπρόφορος. 132 2. Easy to pronounce. Lat. facilis pronuntiatu.

  εὔρους. 240 21. Flowing, copious. Lat. copiosus. See also s.v. εὐπετής, supra.

  εὔρυθμος. 124 10, 130 8, 134 9, 236 3, 254 6, 18. Rhythmical. Lat. numerosus, moderatus (Cic. de Orat. iii. 48. 184; ii. 8. 34). So εὐρυθμία 118 11, 122 21, 182 2, 254 27: cp. Cic. Orat. 65. 220 “multum interest utrum numerosa sit, id est, similis numerorum, an plane e numeris constet oratio,” and Quintil. ix. 4. 56 “idque Cicero optime videt, ac testatur frequenter, se, quod numerosum sit, quaerere; ut magis non ἄρρυθμον, quod esset inscitum atque agreste, quam ἔνρυθμον, quod poëticum est, esse compositionem velit.” For ἔνρυθμος see 130 8.

  εὐστομία. 110 18, 120 21. Beauty of sound. Lat. soni suavitas. Cp. Plato Crat. 405 D, 412 E.

  εὔσχημος. 172 6. Graceful. Lat. decorus, speciosus.

  εὐτελής. 78 10, 136 3. Commonplace, cheap, vulgar. Lat. vilis. Cp. D.H. , and Aristot. Rhet. iii. 7. 2.

  εὔτροχος. 206 14. Running easily. Lat. celer, volubilis. Cp. γλῶσσα εὔτροχος = a glib tongue (Eur. Bacch. 268).

  εὐτυχῶς. 186 3. Happily, successfully. Lat. feliciter. Cp. εὐτυχοῦσιν 198 5, and ἀτυχεῖ 198 16.

  εὐφωνία. 266 4. Euphony, musical sound. Lat. vocis dulcedo s. suavitas. So εὔφωνος 132 1, 134 9, 142 10, 166 7, 17, 230 23, 234 14. For a modern view of the effect of euphony cp. the words of Jowett (Dialogues of Plato i. 310): “In all the higher uses of language the sound is the echo of the sense, especially in poetry, in which beauty and expressiveness are given to human thoughts by the harmonious composition of the words, syllables, letters, accents, quantities, rhythms, rhymes, varieties and contrasts of all sorts.” Hence, though no lover of the vicious style sometimes termed “poetic prose,” Jowett says in his Notes and Sayings: “If I were a professor of English, I would teach my men that prose writing is a kind of poetry.”

  ἐφάμιλλος. 116 8. Rivalling, a match for. Lat. aemulus, haud impar.

  ἡγεμών. 168 17. Hegemon. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ. Cp. de Demosth. c. 47 ὥσπερ οἴονταί τινες καὶ καλοῦσι τὸν οὕτως κατασκευασθέντα ῥυθμὸν ἡγεμόνα.

  Ἡγησιακός. 9
0 19. Hegesian, recalling Hegesias. Lat. Hegesiacus. For Hegesias see Introduction, p-55 supra.

  ἡδονή. 80 16, 118 22, 120 20, 132 19, 21. Charm. Lat. iucunditas, dulcedo. Fr. charme, agrément, attrait. C 20-24 τάττω δὲ ὑπὸ μὲν τὴν ἡδονὴν τήν τε ὥραν καὶ τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν εὐστομίαν καὶ τὴν γλυκύτητα καὶ τὸ πιθανὸν καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, ὑπὸ δὲ τὸ καλὸν τήν τε μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ βάρος καὶ τὴν σεμνολογίαν καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα καὶ τὸν πίνον καὶ τὰ τούτοις ὅμοια. See also Demetr. . So ἡδύς (suavis, iucundus; sweet, pleasing, agreeable, attractive, charming), 68 6, 74 13, etc.

  ἡδύνειν. 130 11, 146 8, 148 6, 160 15, 164 13. To sweeten; to delight, to charm. Lat. dulce reddere; demulcere.

  ἦθος. 88 12, 160 17, 212 11. Character. Lat. mos, indoles. Cp. Demetr. , D.H. . See Jebb’s Attic Orators i. 30, 31 for pathos and ethos in Antiphon (with reference to C.V. 212 10). According to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, a speech may be in, or out of, character in reference to (1) speaker, (2) audience, (3) subject.

  ἡμιστίχιον. 274 17. A half-line, half-verse. Lat. hemistichium. Cp. Demetr. , s.v. ἡμίμετρον.

  ἡμιτελής. 140 4. Half-perfect. Lat. semiperfectus.

  ἡμιτόνιον. 126 5, 19. A half-tone, semitone. Lat. hemitonium.

  ἡμίφωνος. 138 13, 140 1, 144 7, 146 5, 220 11. Semi-voiced, semi-vocal. Lat. semivocalis. ἡμίφωνα γράμματα = litterae semivocales. Cp. s.v. ἄφωνος, supra.

  ἠρεμία. 156 11, 160 4. Rest, immobility. Lat. quies, tranquillitas. So ἠρεμεῖν 142 1.

  ἡρωϊκός. 84 21, 86 3, 88 7, 172 17, 206 10. Heroic (sc. στίχος: the hexameter line). Lat. heroicus. In 172 17 and 206 10, with μέτρον.

  ἡσυχῇ. 148 8. Softly, gently. Lat. sensim.

  ἠχεῖσθαι. 138 12, 142 7. To be sounded. Lat. pronuntiari, sonare.

  ἦχος. 130 19, 138 11, 142 14, 19, etc. Sound. Lat. sonus.

  θεατρικός. 212 16, 216 19, 228 8, 236 11. Theatrical, showy. Lat. theatralis. Cp. de Demosth. c. 25 ἐπὶ τὰ θεατρικὰ τὰ Γοργίεια ταυτὶ παραγίνεται, τὰς ἀντιθέσεις καὶ τὰς παρισώσεις λέγω.

  θεοβλάβεια. 184 23. Madness, blindness. Lat. mens divinitus laesa.

  θεώρημα. 72 12, 16, 88 14, 96 25, 104 11, etc. Investigation, speculation; rule. Lat. quaestio; praeceptum artis. Cp. θεωρία 66 8, 96 14, 98 2, 102 25, 104 3, etc., and θεωρεῖν 152 26, 204 3, 210 9.

  θηλυκός. 106 21. Of the feminine gender. Lat. femininus.

  θῆλυς. 172 7. Effeminate. Lat. muliebris, effeminatus. Cp. Larue van Hook Metaphorical Terminology of Greek Rhetoric, , s.v. ἀνδρώδης.

  θηριώδης. 146 13. Beast-like. Lat. ferinus. The term will, of course, apply to vipers as well as other animals: cp. τὸ θηρίον in Acta Apost. xxviii. 4, and ἡ θηριακή (‘antidote against a poisonous bite’), whence the word treacle.

  θορυβεῖν. 122 22. To hiss off the stage. Lat. explodere.

  θρυλιγμός. 124 1. Harsh sound, false note. Lat. murmur inconcinnum, dissonantia. Cp. Hymn. Hom. in Merc. 486 ὃς δέ κεν αὐτὴν | νῆϊς ἐὼν τὸ πρῶτον ἐπιζαφελῶς ἐρεείνῃ, | μὰψ αὔτως κεν ἔπειτα μετήορά τε θρυλίζοι.

  ἰαμβεῖον. 258 25, 262 4. Iambic line. Lat. versus iambicus.

  ἴαμβος. 170 7, 270 19. Iambus. The metrical foot ᴗ –. The adjective ἰαμβικός in 184 11, 258 19, 276 10.

  ἰδέα. 88 6, 104 8, 116 12, 198 17, 200 5, 248 4. Kind, aspect. Lat. genus, aspectus.

  ἰδίωμα. 240 23. Peculiarity. Lat. proprietas. Cp. Long. , D.H. .

  ἰδιώτης. 124 2, 272 19. Amateur, uncultivated. Lat. imperitus. Idiots long bore this meaning of ‘ordinary persons’ in English: cp. Jeremy Taylor, “humility is a duty in great ones as well as in idiots.”

  ἰθυφάλλιον. 86 8. Ithyphallic poem. Lat. carmen ithyphallicum. A poem composed in the measure of the hymns to Priapus. Cp. Masqueray Abriss der griechischen Metrik p, 192.

  ἰσομεγέθης. 270 16. Equal in size. Lat. par magnitudine.

  ἱστορία. 214 1. History. Lat. historia. So ἱστορικός, suited to narrative, 90 6. In 66 14 ἱστορία = inquiry, investigation.

  ἰσχυρός. 162 23, 210 17, 216 16. Strong, vigorous. Lat. firmus, robustus. In 216 16 there may be some sense of nerveux. — ἰσχύς occurs in 68 19, 72 19, etc.; ῥώμη in 84 13; κράτος in 72 14.

  Ἰωνικός. 86 14. Ionic. Lat. Ionicus. The Ionic tetrameter is meant. Cp. Masqueray, op. cit. p ff.

  καθαρός. 68 4, 74 18, 230 14. Pure. Lat. purus. For Greek and Latin authors as conscious purists, cp. Terence’s “in hac est pura oratio,” or Dionysius’ τὸ καθαρεύειν τὴν διάλεκτον (de Lysia c. 2). See C. N. Smiley’s dissertation on Latinitas and Ἑλληνισμός, and L. Laurand’s Études sur le style des discours de Cicéron p ff. (the section headed “Pureté de la langue”).

  καθολικός. 134 2. General. Lat. universalis.

  καινότης. 232 20. Novelty. Lat. novitas. Used in a condemnatory sense: ‘innovation,’ ‘singularity,’ ‘eccentricity.’

  καινοτομεῖν. 254 23. To break new ground. Lat. novare. It is a mining metaphor — from the opening of a new vein. Cp. de Thucyd. c. 2.

  καινουργεῖν. 200 18. To introduce new features. Lat. novitati studere.

  καιρός. 132 15, 20, 21. Sense of measure, tact, taste. See S. H. Butcher’s Harvard Lectures on Greek Subjects, p-120, for καιρός as a word without any single or precise equivalent in any other language. Cp. εὔκαιρος 134 18, 196 25; εὐκαίρως 132 3; εὐκαιρία 242 3.

  κακόφωνος. 132 1, 164 11. Ill-sounding. Lat. male sonans. Cp. Demetr. .

  καλλιεπής. 180 3. Choice in diction. Lat. suaviloquens. It is the word used of Agathon in Aristoph. Thesm. 49 (Classical Review xviii. 20). Cp. D.H. , with the passages there quoted: to which may be added Plato Apol. 17 B κεκαλλιεπημένους λόγους, and (for ἔπος only) Thucyd. iii. 67 λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες and ii. 41 ὅστις ἔπεσι μὲν τὸ αὐτίκα τέρψει.

  καλλιλογία. 164 20, 166 12. Elegant language. Lat. venusta elocutio. So καλλιλογεῖν of ‘verbal embellishment,’ 80 12.

  καλλιρήμων. 74 18, 166 7. Couched in elegant phrase. Lat. elegantibus ornatus verbis.

  κάλλος. 78 19, 84 10, 94 2, 160 13, 172 16, 182 5, 256 5. Beauty (of language). Lat. pulchritude. Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 2. 13.

  καλός. 118 23, 120 22, 136 8, 160 13, 14, 178 15, passim. Beautiful. Lat. pulcher. The word is inadequately translated by ‘beautiful’; and ‘fine’ has unfortunate associations of its own, especially in relation to writing. ‘Noble’ would often be nearer the mark, but that rendering is needed for γενναῖος and εὐγενής (c 13, 178 15, etc.). In English we lack a single word to denote that noble beauty which is sometimes seen in a human face, and which suggests an ultimate harmony of things. The meaning of καλός, as distinguished from ἡδύς (in reference to composition), may be gathered from such passages as 68 5 (τῷ σεμνῷ τὸ ἡδύ) and 120 22-24 (see under ἡδονή, supra). The antithesis is not, as has sometimes been thought, that of pleasure to the ear and beauty to the mind. In this treatise Dionysius is dealing not with subject matter (ὁ πραγματικὸς τόπος) but with expression, and that chiefly from the euphonic point of view. καλός includes certain forms of pleasure — of the ear as well as of the mind: cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 1405 b and Demetr. de Eloc. § 177 ὡρίσατο δ’ α�
��τὰ (καλὰ ὀνόματα) Θεόφραστος οὕτως· κάλλος ὀνόματός ἐστι τὸ πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν ἢ πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν ἡδύ, ἢ τὸ τῇ διανοίᾳ ἔντιμον. Cp., further, gravitas)(suavitas, Cic. Or. §§ 62, 182; honestus)(iucundus, Quintil. ix. 4. 146; ἡδεῖαν καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῆ Aristot. Rhet. iii. 12.

  κατακεκλασμένος. 184 17. Broken, nerveless. Lat. fractus, mollis. Fr. faible, maigre, rompu. Cp. κατακλωμένους, 262 12, where Dionysius seems to indicate the broken (but by no means nerveless) foot

  – ᴗ – – (τοσαύ)την ὑπάρξαι.

  So Long. de Subl. xli. 1 μικροποιοῦν δ’ οὐδὲν οὕτως ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς, ὡς ῥυθμὸς κεκλασμένος λόγων καὶ σεσοβημένος, οἷον δὴ πυρρίχιοι καὶ τροχαῖοι καὶ διχόρειοι, τέλεον εἰς ὀρχηστικὸν συνεκπίπτοντες. Cp. Demetr. .

  καταλαμβάνειν. 230 4, 12. To check. Lat. cohibere, premere. Usener’s insertion of σιωπῇ in 230 12 is perhaps unnecessary. Herod. v. 21 ὁ τῶν Περσέων θάνατος οὕτω καταλαμφθεὶς ἐσιγήθη (i.e. “Persarum caedes ita silentio compressa est”) does not decide the point.

  κατάληξις. 178 20, 184 9, 258 13. Final syllable. Lat. syllaba terminalis. With 178 20 c 13 καὶ συλλαβὴν ὑφ’ ἧς τελειοῦται τὸ κῶλον. See also Long. de Subl. xli. 2 τὰς ὀφειλομένας καταλήξεις, and Demetr. (s.v. καταληκτικός).

  κατάλογος. 168 1. Catalogue. Lat. enumeratio. The Homeric ‘Catalogue’ (in Il. ii.) is meant.

  καταμετρεῖν. 174 24, 182 16. To measure. Lat. emetiri. Cp. de Demosth. c. 39.

  καταπυκνοῦν. 162 4, 16. To pack. Lat. stipare. Fr. charger.

  κατασκευή. 70 4, 156 13, 160 19, 164 12. Artistic treatment. Lat. ornatus. The Latin apparatus, and French apprêt, will also give something of the meaning. Cp. κατασκευάζειν 106 3, 140 9, 154 3, 14, 17, 158 1, 4, etc. See also D.H. , under κατασκευή (with the passages there quoted) and κατασκευάζειν.