[4] These, therefore, were the first to migrate from Italy and wander about Greece and many parts of the barbarian world; but after them others had the same experience, and this continued every year. For the rulers in these cities ceased not to select the first-fruits of the youth as soon as they arrived at manhood, both because they desired to render what was due to the gods and also because they feared uprisings on the part of lurking enemies. Many, also, under specious pretences were being driven away by their enemies through hatred; so that there were many emigrations and the Pelasgian nation was scattered over most of the earth.
[1] ἦσαν δὲ τά τε πολέμια ἐκ τοῦ μετὰ κινδύνων πεποιῆσθαι τὰς μελέτας ἐν ἔθνεσι φιλοπολέμοις ζῶντες πολλῶν ἀμείνους καὶ τῆς κατὰ τὰ ναυτικὰ ἐπιστήμης διὰ τὴν μετὰ Τυρρηνῶν οἴκησιν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐληλακότες: ἥ τε ἀνάγκη ἱκανὴ οὖσα τοῖς ἀπορουμένοις βίου τόλμαν παρασχεῖν ἡγεμών τε καὶ διδάσκαλος τοῦ παντὸς κινδυνεύματος αὐτοῖς ἐγίνετο,
[25.1] Not only were the Pelasgians superior to many in warfare, as the result of their training in the midst of dangers while they lived among warlike nations, but they also rose to the highest proficiency in seamanship, by reason of their living with the Tyrrhenians; and Necessity, which is quite sufficient to give daring to those in want of a livelihood, was their leader and director in every dangerous enterprise, so that wherever they went they conquered without difficulty.
[2] ὥστε οὐ χαλεπῶς ὅπη ἐπέλθοιεν ἐπεκράτουν. ἐκαλοῦντο δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων τῆς τε χώρας ἐπικλήσει ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἐξανέστησαν καὶ τοῦ παλαιοῦ γένους μνήμῃ οἱ αὐτοὶ Τυρρηνοὶ καὶ Πελασγοί. ὧν ἐγὼ λόγον ἐποιησάμην τοῦ μή τινα θαῦμα ποιεῖσθαι, ἐπειδὰν ποιητῶν ἢ συγγραφέων ἀκούῃ τοὺς Πελασγοὺς καὶ Τυρρηνοὺς ὀνομαζόντων, πῶς ἀμφοτέρας ἔσχον τὰς ἐπωνυμίας οἱ αὐτοί.
[2] And the same people were called by the rest of the world both Tyrrhenians and Pelasgians, the former name being from the country out of which they had been driven and the latter in memory of their ancient origin. I mention this so that no one, when he hears poets or historians call the Pelasgians Tyrrhenians also, may wonder how the same people got both these names.
[3] ἔχει γὰρ περὶ αὐτῶν καὶ Θουκυδίδης μὲν ἐναργῆ ἀκτῆς τῆς Θρᾳκίας μνήμην καὶ [p. 40] τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ κειμένων πόλεων, ἃς οἰκοῦσιν ἄνθρωποι δίγλωττοι. περὶ δὲ τοῦ Πελασγικοῦ ἔθνους ὅδε ὁ λόγος: ῾ἔνι δέ τι καὶ Χαλκιδικὸν, τὸ δὲ πλεῖστον Πελασγικὸν τῶν καὶ Λῆμνόν ποτε καὶ Ἀθήνας οἰκησάντων Τυρρηνῶν᾽.
[3] Thus, with regard to them, Thucydides has a clear account of the Thracian Actê and of the cities situated in it, which are inhabited by men who speak two languages. Concerning the Pelasgian nation these are his words: “There is also a Chalcidian element among them, but the largest element is Pelasgian, belonging to the Tyrrhenians who once inhabited Lemnos and Athens.”
[4] Σοφοκλεῖ δ᾽ ἐν Ἰνάχῳ δράματι ἀνάπαιστον ὑπὸ τοῦ χοροῦ λεγόμενον πεποίηται ὧδε:
Ἴναχε νᾶτορ, παῖ τοῦ κρηνῶν
πατρὸς Ὠκεανοῦ, μέγα πρεσβεύων
Ἄργους τε γύαις Ἥρας τε πάγοις,
καὶ Τυρσηνοῖσι Πελασγοῖς.
[4] And Sophocles makes the chorus in his drama Inachus speak the following anapaestic verses:
“O fair-flowing Inachus, of ocean begot,
That sire of all waters, thou rulest with might
O’er the Argive fields and Hera’s hills
And Tyrrhene Pelasgians also.”
[5] Τυρρηνίας μὲν γὰρ δὴ ὄνομα τὸν χρόνον ἐκεῖνον ἀνὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἦν, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ προσεσπέριος Ἰταλία τὰς κατὰ τὸ ἔθνος ὀνομασίας ἀφαιρεθεῖσα καὶ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν ἐκείνην ἐλάμβανεν, ὥσπερ καὶ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἄλλῃ τε πολλαχῇ καὶ περὶ τὴν καλουμένην νῦν Πελοπόννησον ἐγένετο: ἐπὶ γὰρ ἑνὸς τῶν οἰκούντων ἐν αὐτῇ ἐθνῶν, τοῦ Ἀχαϊκοῦ, καὶ ἡ σύμπασα χερρόνησος, ἐν ᾗ καὶ τὸ Ἀρκαδικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἰωνικὸν καὶ ἄλλα συχνὰ ἔθην ἔνεστιν, Ἀχαΐα ὠνομάσθη. [p. 41]
[5] For the name of Tyrrhenia was then known throughout Greece, and all the western part of Italy was called by that name, the several nations of which it was composed having lost their distinctive appellations. The same thing happened to many parts of Greece also, and particularly to that part of it which is now called the Peloponnesus; for it was after one of the nations that inhabited it, namely the Achaean, that the whole peninsula also, in which are comprised the Arcadian, the Ionian and many other nations, was called Achaia.
[1] ὁ δὲ χρόνος ἐν ᾧ τὸ Πελασγικὸν κακοῦσθαι ἤρξατο, δευτέρα γενεὰ σχεδὸν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν ἐγένετο: διέτεινε δὲ καὶ μετὰ τὰ Τρωικά, ἕως εἰς ἐλάχιστον συνεστάλη τὸ ἔθνος. ἔξω γὰρ Κρότωνος τῆς ἐν Ὀμβρικοῖς πόλεως ἀξιολόγου, καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο ἐν τῇ Ἀβοριγίνων οἰκισθὲν ἐτύγχανε, τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν Πελασγῶν διεφθάρη πολίσματα. ἡ δὲ Κρότων ἄχρι πολλοῦ διαφυλάξασα τὸ παλαιὸν σχῆμα χρόνος οὐ πολὺς ἐξ οὗ τήν τε ὀνομασίαν καὶ τοὺς οἰκήτορας ἤλλαξε: καὶ νῦν ἐστι Ῥωμαίων ἀποικία, καλεῖται δὲ
[26.1] The time when the calamities of the Pelasgians began was about the second generation before the Trojan war; and they continued to occur even after that war, till the nation was reduced to very inconsiderable numbers. For, with the exception of Croton, the important city in Umbria, and any others that they had founded in the land of the Aborigines, all the rest of the Pelasgian towns were destroyed. But Croton long preserved its ancient form, having only recently changed both its name and in heights; it is now a Roman colony, called Corthonia.
[2] Κορθωνία. οἱ δὲ τῶν ἐκλιπόντων τὴν χώραν Πελασγῶν κατασχόντες τὰς πόλεις ἄλλοι τε πολλοὶ ἦσαν, ὡς ἕκαστοί τισιν ἔτυχον ὁμοτέρμονας τὰς οἰκήσεις ἔχοντες, καὶ ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα πλείστας τε καὶ ἀρίστας Τυρρηνοί. τοὺς δὲ Τυρρηνοὺς οἱ μὲν αὐτόχθονας Ἰταλίας ἀποφαίνουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἐπήλυδας: καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν αὐτοῖς ταύτην οἱ μὲν αὐθιγενὲς τὸ ἔθνος ποιοῦντες ἐπὶ τῶν ἐρυμάτων, ἃ πρῶτοι τῶν τῇδε οἰκούντων κατεσκευάσαντο, τεθῆναι λέγουσι: τύρσεις γὰρ καὶ παρὰ Τυρρηνοῖς αἱ ἐντείχιοι καὶ στεγαναὶ οἰκήσεις ὀνομάζονται ὥσπερ παρ᾽ Ἕλλησιν. ἀπὸ δὴ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος αὐτοῖς ἀξιοῦσι τεθῆναι τοὔνομα, ὥς2περ καὶ τοῖς ἐν Ἀσίᾳ Μοσυνοίκοις: οἰκοῦσι μ�
�ν γὰρ δὴ κἀκεῖνοι ἐπὶ ξυλίνοις ὡσπερὰν πύργοις ὑψηλοῖς σταυρώμασι, μόσυνας αὐτὰ καλοῦντες. [p. 42]
[2] After the Pelasgians left the country their cities were seized by the various peoples which happened to live nearest them in each case, but chiefly by the Tyrrhenians, who made themselves masters of the greatest part and the best of them. As regards these Tyrrhenians, some declare them to be natives of Italy, but others call them foreigners. Those who make them a native race say that their name was given them from the forts, which they were the first of the inhabitants of this country to build; for covered buildings enclosed by walls are called by the Tyrrhenian as well as by the Greeks tyrseis or “towers.” So they will have it that they received their name from this circumstance in like manner as did the Mossynoeci in Asia; for these also live in high wooden palisades resembling towers, which they call mossynes.
[1] οἱ δὲ μετανάστας μυθολογοῦντες αὐτοὺς εἶναι Τυρρηνὸν ἀποφαίνουσιν ἡγεμόνα τῆς ἀποικίας γενόμενον ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ θέσθαι τῷ ἔθνει τοὔνομα: τοῦτον δὲ Λυδὸν εἶναι τὸ γένος ἐκ τῆς πρότερον Μῃονίας καλουμένης, παλαιὸν δή τινα μετανάστην ὄντα: εἶναι δ᾽ αὐτὸν πέμπτον ἀπὸ Διὸς, λέγοντες ἐκ Διὸς καὶ Γῆς Μάνην γενέσθαι πρῶτον ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ βασιλέα: τούτου δὲ καὶ Καλλιρόης τῆς Ὠκεανοῦ θυγατρὸς γεννηθῆναι Κότυν: τῷ δὲ Κότυϊ γήμαντι θυγατέρα Τύλλου τοῦ γηγενοῦς Ἁλίην δύο γενέσθαι παῖδας Ἀσίην καὶ Ἄτυν:
[27.1] But those who relate a legendary tale about their having come from a foreign land say that Tyrrhenus, who was the leader of the colony, gave his name to the nation, and that he was a Lydian by birth, from the district formerly called Maeonia, and migrated in ancient times. They add that he was the fifth in descent from Zeus; for they say that the son of Zeus and Gê was Manes, the first king of that country, and his son by Callirrhoê, the daughter of Oceanus, was Cotys, who by Haliê, the daughter of earth-born Tyllus, had two sons, Asies and Atys,
[2] ἐκ δὲ Ἄτυος καὶ Καλλιθέας τῆς Χωραίου Λυδὸν φῦναι καὶ Τυρρηνόν: καὶ τὸν μὲν Λυδὸν αὐτοῦ καταμείναντα τὴν πατρῴαν ἀρχὴν παραλαβεῖν καὶ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ Λυδίαν τὴν γῆν ὀνομασθῆναι: Τυρρηνὸν δὲ τῆς ἀποικίας ἡγησάμενον πολλὴν κτήσασθαι τῆς Ἰταλίας καὶ τοῖς συναραμένοις τοῦ στόλου ταύτην θέσθαι τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν.
[2] from the latter of whom by Callithea, the daughter of Choraeus, came Lydus and Tyrrhenus. Lydus, they continue, remaining there, inherited his father’s kingdom, and from him the country was called Lydia; but Tyrrhenus, who was the leader of the colony, conquered a large portion of Italy and gave his name to those who had taken part in the expedition.
[3] Ἡροδότῳ δὲ εἴρηνται Ἄτυος τοῦ Μάνεω παῖδες οἱ περὶ Τυρρηνὸν, καὶ ἡ μετανάστασις τῶν Μῃόνων εἰς Ἰταλίαν οὐχ ἑκούσιος. φησὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἄτυος ἀρχῆς ἀφορίαν καρπῶν ἐν τῇ γῇ Μῃόνων γενέσθαι, τοὺς δὲ ἀνθρώπους τέως μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς φιλοχωρίας κρατουμένους πολλὰ διαμηχανήσασθαι πρὸς τὴν συμφορὰν [p. 43] ἀλεξητήρια, τῇ μὲν ἑτέρᾳ τῶν ἡμερῶν μέτρια σιτία προσφερομένους, τῇ δ᾽ ἑτέρᾳ διακαρτεροῦντας: χρονίζοντος δὲ τοῦ δεινοῦ διανείμαντας ἅπαντα τὸν δῆμον διχῇ κλήρους ταῖς μοίραις ἐπιβαλεῖν: τὸν μὲν ἐπ᾽ ἐξόδῳ τῆς χώρας, τὸν δ᾽ ἐπὶ μονῇ, καὶ τῶν Ἄτυος παίδων τὸν μὲν τῇ προσνεῖμαι, τὸν δὲ τῇ.
[3] Herodotus, however, says that Tyrrhenus and his brother were the sons of Atys, the son of Manes, and that the migration of the Maeonians to Italy was not voluntary. For they say that in the reign of Atys there was a dearth in the country of the Maeonians and that the inhabitants, inspired by love of their native land, for a time contrived a great many methods to resist this calamity, one day permitting themselves but a moderate allowance of food and the next day fasting. But, as the mischief continued, they divided the people into two groups and cast lots to determine which should go out of the country and which should stay in it; of the sons of Atys one was assigned to the one group the other to the other.
[4] λαχούσης δὲ τῆς ἅμα Λυδῷ μοίρας τὴν τοῦ μεῖναι τύχην, ἐκχωρῆσαι τὴν ἑτέραν ἀπολαχοῦσαν τῶν χρημάτων τὰ μέρη, ὁρμισαμένην δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑσπερίοις μέρεσι τῆς Ἰταλίας, ἔνθα ἦν Ὀμβρικοῖς ἡ οἴκησις, αὐτοῦ καταμείνασαν ἱδρύσασθαι πόλεις τὰς ἔτι καὶ κατ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον οὔσας.
[4] And when the lot fell to that part of the people which was with Lydus to remain in the country, the other group departed after receiving their share of the common possessions; and landing in the western parts of Italy where the Umbrians dwelt, they remained there and built the cities that still existed even in his time.
[1] τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ πολλοὺς καὶ ἄλλους συγγραφεῖς περὶ τοῦ Τυρρηνῶν γένους χρησαμένους ἐπίσταμαι, τοὺς μὲν κατὰ ταὐτά, τοὺς δὲ μεταθέντας τὸν οἰκισμὸν καὶ τὸν χρόνον. ἔλεξαν γὰρ δή τινες Ἡρακλέους υἱὸν εἶναι τὸν Τυρρηνὸν ἐξ Ὀμφάλης τῆς Λυδῆς γενόμενον: τοῦτον δ᾽ ἀφικόμενον εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἐκβαλεῖν τοὺς Πελασγοὺς ἐκ τῶν πόλεων οὐχ ἁπασῶν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅσαι πέραν ἦσαν τοῦ Τεβέριος ἐν τῷ βορείῳ μέρει. ἕτεροι δὲ Τηλέφου παῖδα τὸν Τυρρηνὸν ἀποφαίνουσιν, ἐλθεῖν δὲ μετὰ τὴν Τροίας ἅλωσιν εἰς Ἰταλίαν.
[28.1] I am aware that many other authors also have given this account of the Tyrrhenian race, some in the same terms, and others changing the character of the colony and the date. For some have said that Tyrrhenus was the son of Heracles by Omphalê, the Lydian, and that he, coming into Italy, dispossessed the Pelasgians of their cities, though not of all, but of those only that lay beyond the Tiber toward the north. Others declare that Tyrrhenus was the son of Telephus and that after the taking of Troy he came into Italy.
[2] Ξάνθος δὲ ὁ Λυδὸς ἱστορίας παλαιᾶς εἰ καί τις ἄλλος [p. 44] ἔμπειρος ὤν, τῆς δὲ πατρίου καὶ βεβαιωτὴς ἂν οὐδενὸς ὑποδεέστερος νομισθείς, οὔτε Τυρρηνὸν ὠνόμακεν οὐδαμοῦ τῆς γραφῆς δυνάστην Λυδῶν οὔτε ἀποικίαν Μῃόνων εἰς Ἰταλίαν κατασχοῦσαν ἐπίσταται Τυρρηνίας τε μνήμην ὡς Λυδῶν ἀποκτίσεως ταπεινοτέρων ἄλλων μεμνημένος οὐδεμίαν πεποίηται: Ἄτυος δὲ παῖδας γενέσθαι λέγει Λυδὸν καὶ Τόρηβον, τούτους δὲ μερισαμένους τὴν πατρῴαν ἀρχὴν ἐν Ἀσίᾳ καταμεῖναι ἀμφοτέρους: καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὧν ἦρξαν ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνων φησὶ τεθῆναι τὰς ὀνομασίας, λέγων ὧδε: ῾ἀπὸ Λ
υδοῦ μὲν γίνονται Λυδοὶ, ἀπὸ Τορήβου δὲ Τόρηβοι. τούτων ἡ γλῶσσα ὀλίγον παραφέρει, καὶ νῦν ἔτι σιλλοῦσιν ἀλλήλους ῥήματα οὐκ ὀλίγα, ὥσπερ Ἴωνες καὶ
[2] But Xanthus of Lydia, who was as well acquainted with ancient history as any man and who may be regarded as an authority second to none on the history of his own country, neither names Tyrrhenus in any part of his history as a ruler of the Lydians nor knows anything of the landing of a colony of Maeonians in Italy; nor does he make the least mention of Tyrrhenia as a Lydian colony, though he takes notice of several things of less importance. He says that Lydus and Torebus were the sons of Atys; that they, having divided the kingdom they had inherited from their father, both remained in Asia, and from them the nations over which they reigned received their names. His words are these: “From Lydus are sprung the Lydians, and from Torebus the Torebians. There is little difference in their language and even now each nation scoffs at many words used by the other, even as do the Ionians and Dorians.”
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 426