[3] Δωριεῖσ᾽. Ἑλλάνικος δὲ ὁ Λέσβιος τοὺς Τυρρηνούς φησι Πελασγοὺς πρότερον καλουμένους, ἐπειδὴ κατῴκησαν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ, παραλαβεῖν ἣν νῦν ἔχουσι προσηγορίαν. ἔχει δὲ αὐτῷ ἐν Φορωνίδι ὁ λόγος ὧδε: ῾τοῦ Πελασγοῦ τοῦ βασιλέος αὐτῶν καὶ Μενίππης τῆς Πηνειοῦ ἐγένετο Φράστωρ, τοῦ δὲ Ἀμύντωρ, τοῦ δὲ Τευταμίδης, τοῦ δὲ Νάνας. ἐπὶ τούτου βασιλεύοντες οἱ Πελασγοὶ ὑπ᾽ Ἑλλήνων ἀνέστησαν, καὶ ἐπὶ Σπινῆτι ποταμῷ ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ τὰς νῆας καταλιπόντες [p. 45] Κρότωνα πόλιν ἐν μεσογείῳ εἷλον καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ὁρμώμενοι τὴν νῦν καλεομένην Τυρσηνίην ἔκτισαν᾽.
[3] Hellanicus of Lesbos says that the Tyrrhenians, who were previously called Pelasgians, received their present name after they had settled in Italy. These are his words in the Phoronis: “Phrastor was the son of Pelasgus, their king, and Menippê, the daughter of Peneus; his son was Amyntor, Amyntor’s son was Teutamides, and the latter’s son was Nanas. In his reign the Pelasgians were driven out of their country by the Greeks, and after leaving their ships on the river Spines in the Ionian Gulf, they took Croton, an inland city; and proceeding from there, they colonized the country now called Tyrrhenia.”
[4] Μυρσίλος δὲ τὰ ἔμπαλιν ἀποφαινόμενος Ἑλλανίκῳ τοὺς Τυρρηνούς φησιν, ἐπειδὴ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἐξέλιπον, ἐν τῇ πλάνῃ μετονομασθῆναι Πελαργοὺς, τῶν ὀρνέων τοῖς καλουμένοις πελαργοῖς εἰκασθέντας, ὡς κατ᾽ ἀγέλας ἐφοίτων εἴς τε τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ τὴν βάρβαρον: καὶ τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις τὸ τεῖχος τὸ περὶ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν, τὸ Πελαργικὸν καλούμενον, τούτους περιβαλεῖν.
[4] But the account Myrsilus gives is the reverse of that given by Hellanicus. The Tyrrhenians, he says, after they had left their own country, were in the course of their wanderings called Pelargoi or “Storks,” from their resemblance to the birds of that name, since they swarmed in flocks both into Greece and into the barbarian lands; and they built the wall round the citadel of Athens which is called the Pelargic wall.
[1] ἐμοὶ μέντοι δοκοῦσιν ἅπαντες ἁμαρτάνειν οἱ πεισθέντες ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἔθνος εἶναι τὸ Τυρρηνικὸν καὶ τὸ Πελασγικόν. τῆς μὲν γὰρ ὀνομασίας ἀπολαῦσαί ποτε αὐτοὺς τῆς ἀλλήλων οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἦν, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἄλλα δή τινα ἔθνη, τὰ μὲν Ἑλλήνων, τὰ δὲ βαρβάρων, ταὐτὸν ἔπαθεν, ὥσπερ τὸ Τρωικὸν καὶ τὸ Φρυγικὸν ἀγχοῦ οἰκοῦντα ἀλλήλων: ῾πολλοῖς γέ τοι γένος ἓν ἄμφω ταῦτ᾽ ἐνομίσθη, κλήσει διαλλάττον οὐ φύσεἰ καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῶν ἄλλοθί που συνωνυμίαις ἐπικερασθέντων καὶ τὰ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ
[29.1] But in my opinion all though take the Tyrrhenians and the Pelasgians to be one and the same nation are mistaken. It is no wonder they were sometimes called by one another’s names, since the same thing has happened to certain other nations also, both Greeks and barbarians, — for example, to the Trojans and Phrygians, who lived near each other (indeed, many have thought that those two nations were but one, differing in name only, not in fact). And the nations in Italy have been confused under a common name quite as often as any nations anywhere.
[2] ἔθνη τὸ αὐτὸ ἔπαθεν. ἦν γὰρ δὴ χρόνος ὅτε καὶ Λατῖνοι καὶ Ὀμβρικοὶ καὶ Αὔσονες καὶ συχνοὶ ἄλλοι Τυρρηνοὶ ὑφ᾽ Ἑλλήνων ἐλέγοντο, τῆς διὰ μακροῦ τῶν ἐθνῶν οἰκήσεως ἀσαφῆ ποιούσης τοῖς πρόσω τὴν ἀκρίβειαν: τήν τε Ῥώμην αὐτὴν πολλοὶ τῶν συγγραφέων [p. 46] Τυρρηνίδα πόλιν εἶναι ὑπέλαβον. ὀνομάτων μὲν οὖν ἐναλλαγήν, ἐπεὶ καὶ βίων, πείθομαι τοῖς ἔθνεσι γενέσθαι: κοινοῦ δὲ ἄμφω μετειληφέναι γένους οὐ πείθομαι, πολλοῖς τε ἄλλοις καὶ μάλιστα ταῖς φωναῖς αὐτῶν διηλλαγμέναις καὶ οὐδεμίαν ὁμοιότητα σωζούσαις τεκμαιρόμενος.
[2] For there was a time when the Latins, the Umbrians, the Ausonians and many others were all called Tyrrhenians by the Greeks, the remoteness of the countries inhabited by these nations making their exact distinctions obscure to those who lived at a distance. And many of the historians have taken Rome itself for a Tyrrhenian city. I am persuaded, therefore, that these nations changed their name along with their place of abode, but can not believe that they both had a common origin, for this reason, among many others, that their languages are different and preserve not the least resemblance to one another.
[3] ῾καὶ γὰρ δὴ οὔτε Κροτωνιῆταἰ ὥς φησιν Ἡρόδοτος ῾οὐδαμοῖσι τῶν νῦν σφεας περιοικεόντων εἰσὶν ὁμόγλωσσοι οὔτε Πλακιηνοί, σφίσι δ᾽ ὁμόγλωσσοι. δηλοῦσι δὲ ὅτι, τὸν ἠνείκαντο γλώσσης χαρακτῆρα μεταβαίνοντες ἐς ταῦτα τὰ χωρία, τοῦτον ἔχουσιν ἐν φυλακᾖ. καίτοι θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις, εἰ Πλακιανοῖς μὲν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον οἰκοῦσιν ὁμοίαν διάλεκτον εἶχον οἱ Κροτωνιᾶται, ἐπειδὴ Πελασγοὶ ἦσαν ἀμφότεροι ἀρχῆθεν, Τυρρηνοῖς δὲ τοῖς ἔγγιστα οἰκοῦσι μηδὲν ὁμοίαν. εἰ γὰρ τὸ συγγενὲς τῆς ὁμοφωνίας αἴτιον ὑποληπτέον, θάτερον δή που τῆς διαφωνίας:
[3] “For neither the Crotoniats,” says Herodotus, “nor the Placians agree in language with any of their present neighbours, although they agree with each other; and it is clear that they preserve the fashion of speech which they brought with them into those regions.” However, one may well marvel that, although the Crotoniats had a speech similar to that of the Placians, who lived near the Hellespont, since both were originally Pelasgians, it was not at all similar to that of the Tyrrhenians, their nearest neighbours. For if kinship is to be regarded as the reason why two nations speak the same language, the contrary must, of course, be the reason for their speaking a different one,
[4] οὐ γὰρ δὴ κατά γε τὸ αὐτὸ ἐγχωρεῖ νομίζειν τἀμφότερα. καὶ γὰρ δὴ τὸ μὲν ἕτερον καὶ λόγον τιν᾽ ἂν εἶχε γενόμενον, τὸ δὴ τοὺς πρόσω τὰς οἰκήσεις ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων ποιησαμένους ὁμοεθνεῖς μηκέτι διασώζειν τὸν αὐτὸν τῆς διαλέκτου χαρακτῆρα διὰ τὰς πρὸς τοὺς πέλας ὁμιλίας: τὸ δὲ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς οἰκοῦντας χωρίοις μηδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν κατὰ τὴν φωνὴν ἀλλήλοις ὁμολογεῖν ἐκ ταὐτοῦ φύντας γένους οὐδένα λόγον ἔχει. [p. 47]
[4] since surely it is not possible to believe that both these conditions arise from the same cause. For, although it might reasonably happen, on the one hand, that men of the same nation who have settled at a distance from one another would, as the result of associating with their neighbours, no longer preserve the same fashion o
f speech, yet it is not at all reasonable that men sprung from the same race and living in the same country should not in the least agree with one another in their language.
[1] τούτῳ μὲν δὴ τῷ τεκμηρίῳ χρώμενος ἑτέρους εἶναι πείθομαι τῶν Τυρρηνῶν τοὺς Πελασγούς. οὐ μὲν δὴ οὐδὲ Λυδῶν τοὺς Τυρρηνοὺς ἀποίκους οἶμαι γενέσθαι: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκείνοις ὁμόγλωσσοί εἰσιν, οὐδ᾽ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν ὡς φωνῇ μὲν οὐκέτι χρῶνται παραπλησίᾳ, ἄλλα δέ τινα διασώζουσι τῆς μητροπόλεως γῆς μηνύματα. οὔτε γὰρ θεοὺς Λυδοῖς τοὺς αὐτοὺς νομίζουσιν οὔτε νόμοις οὔτ᾽ ἐπιτηδεύμασι κέχρηνται παραπλησίοις, ἀλλὰ κατά γε ταῦτα πλέον Λυδῶν διαφέρουσιν ἢ Πελασγῶν.
[30.1] For this reason, therefore, I am persuaded that the Pelasgians are a different people from the Tyrrhenians. And I do not believe, either, that the Tyrrhenians were a colony of the Lydians; for they do not use the same language as the latter, nor can it be alleged that, though they no longer speak a similar tongue, they still retain some other indications of their mother country. For they neither worship the same gods as the Lydians nor make use of similar laws or institutions, but in these very respects they differ more from the Lydians than from the Pelasgians.
[2] κινδυνεύουσι γὰρ τοῖς ἀληθέσι μᾶλλον ἐοικότα λέγειν οἱ μηδαμόθεν ἀφιγμένον, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιχώριον τὸ ἔθνος ἀποφαίνοντες, ἐπειδὴ ἀρχαῖόν τε πάνυ καὶ οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ γένει οὔτε ὁμόγλωσσον οὔτε ὁμοδίαιτον ὂν εὑρίσκεται. ὠνομάσθαι δ᾽ ὑφ᾽ Ἑλλήνων αὐτὸ τῇ προσηγορίᾳ ταύτῃ οὐδὲν κωλύει, καὶ διὰ τὰς ἐν ταῖς τύρσεσιν οἰκήσεις καὶ
[2] Indeed, those probably come nearest to the truth who declare that the nation migrated from nowhere else, but was native to the country, since it is found to be a very ancient nation and to agree with no other either in its language or in its manner of living. And there is no reason why the Greeks should not have called them by this name, both from their living in towers and from the name of one of their rulers.
[3] ἀπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς δυνάστου. Ῥωμαῖοι μέντοι ἄλλαις αὐτὸ προσαγορεύουσιν ὀνομασίαις: καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας, ἐν ᾗ ποτε ᾤκησαν, Ἑτρουρίας προσαγορευομένης Ἑτρούσκους καλοῦσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους: καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμπειρίας τῶν περὶ τὰ θεῖα σεβάσματα λειτουργιῶν, διαφέροντας εἰς αὐτὴν ἑτέρων, νῦν μὲν Τούσκους ἀσαφέστερον, [p. 48] πρότερον δ᾽ ἀκριβοῦντες τοὔνομα ὥσπερ Ἕλληνες Θυοσκόους ἐκάλουν: αὐτοὶ μέντοι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν ἡγεμόνων τινὸς Ῥασέννα τὸν αὐτὸν ἐκείνῳ
[3] The Romans, however, give them other names: from the country they once inhabited, named Etruria, they call them Etruscans, and from their knowledge of the ceremonies relating to divine worship, in which they excel others, they now call them, rather inaccurately, Tusci, but formerly, with the same accuracy as the Greeks, they called them Thyoscoï. Their own name for themselves, however, is the same as that of one of their leaders, Rasenna.
[4] τρόπον ὀνομάζουσι. πόλεις δὲ ἅστινας ᾤκισαν οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ, καὶ πολιτευμάτων οὕς2τινας κατεστήσαντο κόσμους, δύναμίν τε ὁπόσην οἱ σύμπαντες καὶ ἔργα εἴ τινα μνήμης ἄξια διεπράξαντο, τύχαις τε ὁποίαις ἐχρήσαντο, ἐν ἑτέρῳ δηλωθήσεται λόγῳ.
[4] In another book I shall show what cities the Tyrrhenians founded, what forms of government they established, how great power they acquired, what memorable achievements they performed, and what fortunes attended them.
[5] τὸ δ᾽ οὖν Πελασγικὸν φῦλον, ὅσον μὴ διεφθάρη τε καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἀποικίας διεσπάσθη, διέμεινε δὲ ὀλίγον ἀπὸ πολλοῦ, μετὰ τῶν Ἀβοριγίνων πολιτευόμενον ἐν τούτοις ὑπελείφθη τοῖς χωρίοις, ὅπου σὺν χρόνῳ τὴν Ῥώμην οἱ ἔκγονοι αὐτῶν σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπολίσαντο. καὶ τὰ μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Πελασγικοῦ γένους μυθολογούμενα τοιάδε ἐστί.
[5] As for the Pelasgian nation, however, those who were not destroyed or dispersed among the various colonies (for a small number remained out of a great many) were left behind as fellow citizens of the Aborigines in these parts, where in the course of time their posterity, together with others, built the city of Rome. Such are the legends told about the Pelasgian race.
[1] μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον στόλος ἄλλος Ἑλληνικὸς εἰς ταῦτα τὰ χωρία τῆς Ἰταλίας κατάγεται, ἑξηκοστῷ μάλιστα ἔτει πρότερον τῶν Τρωικῶν, ὡς αὐτοὶ Ῥωμαῖοι λέγουσιν, ἐκ Παλλαντίου πόλεως Ἀρκαδικῆς ἀναστάς. ἡγεῖτο δὲ τῆς ἀποικίας Εὔανδρος Ἑρμοῦ λεγόμενος καὶ νύμφης τινὸς Ἀρκάσιν ἐπιχωρίας, ἣν οἱ μὲν Ἕλληνες Θέμιν εἶναι λέγουσι καὶ θεοφόρητον ἀποφαίνουσιν, οἱ δὲ τὰς Ῥωμαϊκὰς συγγράψαντες [p. 49] ἀρχαιολογίας τῇ πατρίῳ γλώσσῃ Καρμέντην ὀνομάζουσιν: εἴη δ᾽ ἂν Ἑλλάδι φωνῇ Θεσπιῳδὸς τῇ νύμφῃ τοὔνομα: τὰς μὲν γὰρ ᾠδὰς καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι κάρμινα, τὴν δὲ γυναῖκα ταύτην ὁμολογοῦσι δαιμονίῳ πνεύματι κατάσχετον γενομένην τὰ μέλλοντα συμβαίνειν τῷ πλήθει δι᾽ ᾠδῆς προλέγειν.
[31.1] Soon after, another Greek expedition landed in this part of Italy, having migrated from Pallantium, a town of Arcadia, about the sixtieth year before the Trojan war, as the Romans themselves say. This colony had for its leader Evander, who is said to have been the son of Hermes and a local nymph of the Arcadians. The Greeks call her Themis and say that she was inspired, but the writers of the early history of Rome call her, in the native language, Carmenta. The nymph’s name would be in Greek Thespiôdos or “prophetic singer”; for the Romans call songs carmina, and they agree that this woman, possessed by divine inspiration, foretold to the people in song the things that would come to pass.
[2] ὁ δὲ στόλος οὗτος οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῆς γνώμης ἐπέμφθη, ἀλλὰ στασιάσαντος τοῦ δήμου τὸ ἐλαττωθὲν μέρος ἑκούσιον ὑπεξῆλθεν. ἐτύγχανε δὲ τότε τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν Ἀβοριγίνων παρειληφὼς Φαῦνος, Ἄρεος ὥς φασιν ἀπόγονος, ἀνὴρ μετὰ τοῦ δραστηρίου καὶ συνετὸς, καὶ αὐτὸν ὡς τῶν ἐπιχωρίων τινὰ Ῥωμαῖοι δαιμόνων θυσίαις καὶ ᾠδαῖς γεραίρουσιν. οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ δεξάμενος κατὰ πολλὴν φιλότητα τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ὀλίγους ὄντας, δίδωσιν αὐτοῖς τῆς αὑτοῦ χώρας ὁπόσην ἐβούλοντο.
[2] This expedition was not sent out by the common consent of the nation, but, a sedition having arisen among the people, the faction which was defeate
d left the country of their own accord. It chanced that the kingdom of the Aborigines had been inherited at that time by Faunus, a descendant of Mars, it is said, a man of prudence as well as energy, whom the Romans in their sacrifices and songs honour as one of the gods of their country. This man received the Arcadians, who were but few in number, with great friendship and gave them as much of his own land as they desired.
[3] οἱ δὲ Ἀρκάδες, ὡς ἡ Θέμις αὐτοῖς ἐπιθειάζουσα ἔφραζεν, αἱροῦνται λόφον ὀλίγον ἀπέχοντα τοῦ Τεβέριος, ὅς ἐστι νῦν ἐν μέσῳ μάλιστα τῆς Ῥωμαίων πόλεως, καὶ κατασκευάζονται πρὸς αὐτῷ κώμην βραχεῖαν, δυσὶ ναυτικοῖς πληρώμασιν ἐν οἷς ἀπανέστησαν τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀποχρῶσαν, ἣν ἔμελλε τὸ πεπρωμένον σὺν χρόνῳ θήσειν ὅσην οὔθ᾽ Ἑλλάδα πόλιν οὔτε βάρβαρον κατά τε οἰκήσεως μέγεθος καὶ κατὰ δυναστείας ἀξίωσιν καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἅπασαν εὐτυχίαν, [p. 50] χρόνον τε ὁπόσον ἂν ὁ θνητος αἰὼν ἀντέχῃ
[3] And the Arcadians, as Themis by inspiration kept advising them, chose a hill, not far from the Tiber, which is now near the middle of the city of Rome, and by this hill built a small village sufficient for the complement of the two ships in which they had come from Greece. Yet this village was ordained by fate to excel in the course of time all other cities, whether Greek or barbarian, not only in its size, but also in the majesty of its empire and in every other form of prosperity, and to be celebrated above them all as long as mortality shall endure.
[4] πόλεων μάλιστα πασῶν μνημονευθησομένην. ὄνομα δὲ τῷ πολίσματι τούτῳ τίθενται Παλλάντιον ἐπὶ τῆς ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ σφῶν μητροπόλεως: νῦν μέντοι Παλάτιον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων λέγεται συγχέαντος τοῦ χρόνου τὴν ἀκρίβειαν καὶ παρέχει πολλοῖς ἀτόπων ἐτυμολογιῶν ἀφορμάς:
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 427