Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [1] εἰ δέ τινας ταράττει τὸ πολλαχῇ λέγεσθαί τε καὶ δείκνυσθαι τάφους Αἰνείου ἀμηχάνου ὄντος ἐν πλείοσι τὸν αὐτὸν τεθάφθαι χωρίοις, ἐνθυμηθέντες ὅτι κοινόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ πολλῶν τοῦτό γε τὸ ἄπορον [p. 87] καὶ μάλιστα τῶν μὲν ἐπιφανεῖς τὰς τύχας, πλάνητας δὲ τοὺς βίους ἐσχηκότων, μαθέτωσαν ὅτι χωρίον μὲν ἓν τὸ δεξάμενον τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἦν, μνημεῖα δὲ παρὰ πολλοῖς κατεσκεύαστο δι᾽ εὔνοιαν τῶν ἐν ὠφελείαις τισὶ δι᾽ αὐτοὺς γενομένων, μάλιστα εἰ τοῦ γένους αὐτῶν τι περιῆν ἢ πόλεώς τινος ἀπόκτισις ἢ χρόνιοί τινες καὶ φιλάνθρωποι μοναί: οἷα δὴ καὶ περὶ

  [54.1] But if it creates a difficulty for any that tombs of Aeneas are both said to exist, and are actually shown, in many places, whereas it is impossible for the same person to be buried in more than one place, let them consider that this difficulty arises in the case of many other men, too, particularly men who have had remarkable fortunes and led wandering lives; and let them know that, though only one place received their bodies, yet their monuments were erected among many peoples through the gratitude of those who had received some benefits from them, particularly if any of their race still survived or if any city had been built by them or if their residence among any people had been long and distinguished by great humanity — just such things, in fact, as we know are related of this hero.

  [2] τόνδε τὸν ἥρωα μυθολογούμενα ἴσμεν. Ἰλίῳ μὲν γὰρ τὸ μὴ πασσυδὶ διαφθαρῆναι κατὰ τὴν ἅλωσιν παρασχών, τῇ δὲ καλουμένῃ Βεβρυκίᾳ τὸ ἐπικουρικὸν διασωθῆναι παρασκευάσας, ἐν Φρυγίᾳ δὲ τὸν υἱὸν Ἀσκάνιον βασιλέα καταλιπών, ἐν Παλλήνῃ δὲ πόλιν ἐπώνυμον κτίσας, ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ δὲ θυγατέρας κηδεύσας, ἐν Σικελίᾳ δὲ μέρος τῆς στρατιᾶς ὑπολιπόμενος, ἐν πολλοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις χωρίοις φιλανθρώπους τὰς διατριβὰς δωρήσασθαι δοκῶν ἑκούσιον εἶχε παρ᾽ αὐτῶν τὴν εὔνοιαν, δι᾽ ἣν τὸν μετ᾽ ἀνθρώπων βίον ἐκλιπὼν ἡρώοις ἐκοσμεῖτο καὶ μνημάτων κατασκευαῖς πολλαχῇ.

  [2] For he preserved Ilium from utter destruction at the time of its capture and sent away weight Trojan allies safe to Bebrycia, he left his son Ascanius as king in Phrygia, built a city named after himself in Pallenê, married off his daughters in Arcadia, left part of his army in Sicily, and during his residence in many other places had the reputation of conducting himself with great humanity; thus he gained the voluntary affection of those people and accordingly after he left this mortal life he was honoured with hero-shrines and monuments erected to him in many places.

  [3] ἐπεὶ φέρε τίνας ἂν αἰτίας ἔχοι τις ὑποθέσθαι τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ αὐτοῦ μνημάτων, εἰ μήτε ἦρξε τούτων τῶν χωρίων μήτε καταγωγὰς ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐποιήσατο μήθ᾽ ὅλως ἐγνώσθη πρὸς αὐτῶν; ἀλλ᾽ ὑπὲρ μὲν τούτων καὶ αὖθις λεχθήσεται, καθότι ἂν ὁ λόγος ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστου καιροῦ δηλωθῆναι ἀπαιτῇ. [p. 88]

  [3] What reasons, pray, could anyone assign for his monuments in Italy if he never reigned in these parts or resided in them or if he was entirely unknown to the inhabitants? But this point shall be again discussed, according as my narrative shall from time to time require it to be made clear.

  [1] τοῦ δὲ μηκέτι προσωτέρω τῆς Εὐρώπης πλεῦσαι τὸν Τρωικὸν στόλον οἵ τε χρησμοὶ αἴτιοι ἐγένοντο τέλος λαβόντες ἐν τούτοις τοῖς χωρίοις καὶ τὸ δαιμόνιον πολλαχῶς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βούλησιν ἐνδεικνύμενον: ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὅρμῳ χρησάμενοι τῷ Λωρεντῷ σκηνὰς ἐπήξαντο περὶ τὸν αἰγιαλόν, πρῶτον μὲν πιεζομένοις τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ὑπὸ δίψης οὐκ ἔχοντος ὕδωρ τοῦ τόπου ῾λέγω δὲ ἃ παρὰ τῶν ἐγχωρίων παρέλαβον᾽ λιβάδες αὐτόματοι νάματος ἡδίστου ἐκ γῆς ἀνελθοῦσαι ὤφθησαν, ἐξ ὧν ἥ τε στρατιὰ πᾶσα ὑδρεύσατο καὶ ὁ τόπος περίρρυτος γέγονε μέχρι θαλάττης καταβάντος ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ ῥεύματος.

  [55.1] The failure of the Trojan fleet to sail any farther into Europe was due to the oracles which reached their fulfilment in those parts and to the divine power which revealed its will in many ways. For while their fleet lay at anchor off Laurentum and they had set up their tents near the shore, in the first place, when the men were oppressed with thirst and there was no water in the place (what I say I had from the inhabitants), springs of the sweetest water were seen rising out of the earth spontaneously, of which all the army drank and the place was flooded as the stream ran down to the sea from the springs.

  [2] νῦν μέντοι οὐκέτι πλήθουσιν ὥστε καὶ ἀπορρεῖν αἱ λιβάδες, ἀλλ᾽ ἔστιν ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἐν κοίλῳ χωρίῳ συνεστηκὸς, λεγόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἱερὸν ἡλίου: καὶ βωμοὶ δύο παρ᾽ αὐτῷ δείκνυνται, ὁ μὲν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς τετραμμένος, ὁ δὲ πρὸς δύσεις, Τρωικὰ ἱδρύματα, ἐφ᾽ ὧν τὸν Αἰνείαν μυθολογοῦσι πρώτην θυσίαν ποιήσασθαι τῷ θεῷ χαριστήριον τῶν ὑδάτων.

  [2] To-day, however, the springs are no longer so full as to overflow, but there is just a little water collected in a hollow place, and the inhabitants say it is sacred to the Sun; and near it two altars are pointed out, one facing to the east, the other to the west, both of them Trojan structures, upon which, the story goes, Aeneas offered up his first sacrifice to the god as a thank-offering for the water.

  [3] ἔπειτα ἄριστον αὐτοῖς αἱρουμένοις ἐπὶ τοῦ δαπέδου σέλινα μὲν πολλοῖς ὑπέστρωτο καὶ ἦν ταῦτα ὥσπερ τράπεζα τῶν ἐδεσμάτων: ὡς δέ φασί τινες, ἴτρια καρποῦ πεποιημένα πυρίνου, καθαρειότητος ταῖς τροφαῖς ἕνεκα. ἐπεὶ δὲ αἱ παρατεθεῖσαι τροφαὶ κατανάλωντο, τῶν ὑπεστρωμένων αὐτοῖς σελίνων εἴτε ἰτρίων ἔφαγέ τις [p. 89] καὶ αὖθις ἕτερος: ἐν τούτῳ τυγχάνει τις εἰπὼν εἴτε τῶν Αἰνείου παίδων, ὡς λόγος ἔχει, εἴτε τῶν ὁμοσκήνων, Ἀλλ᾽ ἡμῖν γε ἤδη καὶ ἡ τράπεζα κατεδήδεσται: ὡς δὲ τοῦτο ἤκουσαν, ἅπαντες ἀνεθορύβησαν, ὡς τὰ

  [3] After that, while they were taking their repast upon the ground, many of them strewed parsley under their food to serve as a table; but others say that they thus used wheaten cakes, in order to keep their victuals clean. When all the victuals that were laid before them were consumed, first one of them ate of the parsley, or cakes, that were placed underneath, and then another. Thereupon one of Aeneas’ sons, as the story goes, or some other of his messmates, happened to exclaim, “Look you, at last we have eaten even the table.” As soon as they heard this, they all cried out with joy that the first part of the oracle was
now fulfilled.

  [4] πρῶτα τοῦ μαντεύματος ἤδη σφίσι τέλος ἔχοι. ἦν γάρ τι θέσφατον αὐτοῖς, ὡς μέν τινες λέγουσιν ἐν Δωδώνῃ γενόμενον, ὡς δ᾽ ἕτεροι γράφουσιν ἐν ἐρυθρᾷ χέρσῳ τῆς Ἴδης, ἔνθα ᾤκει Σίβυλλα ἐπιχωρία νύμφη χρησμῳδός, ἣ αὐτοῖς ἔφρασε πλεῖν ἐπὶ δυσμῶν ἡλίου, τέως ἂν εἰς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον ἔλθωσιν, ἐν ᾧ κατέδονται τὰς τραπέζας: ὅταν δὲ τοῦτο μάθωσι γενόμενον, ἡγεμόνα τετράποδα ποιησαμένους, ὅπου ἂν κάμῃ τὸ

  [4] For a certain oracle had been delivered to them, as some say, in Dodona, but, according to others, in Erythrae, a place on Mount Ida, where lived a Sibyl of that country, a prophetic nymph, who ordered them to sail westward till they came to a place where they should eat their tables; and that, when they found this had happened, they should follow a four-footed beast as their guide, and wherever the animal grew wearied, there they should build a city.

  [5] ζῷον, ἐνταῦθα δείμασθαι πόλιν. τοῦτο δὴ τὸ θεοπρόπιον ἀναμνησθέντες, οἱ μὲν τὰ ἕδη τῶν θεῶν Αἰνείου κελεύσαντος εἰς τὸ ἀποδειχθὲν χωρίον ἐκ τῆς νεὼς ἐξέφερον, οἱ δὲ βάθρα καὶ βωμοὺς κατεσκεύαζον αὐτοῖς, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ὀλολυγῇ καὶ χορείαις χρώμεναι παρεκόμιζον τὰ ἱερά, οἱ δὲ ἀμφὶ τὸν Αἰνείαν παρασκευασθείσης θυσίας ἔχοντες τοὺς στεφάνους περὶ τὸν βωμὸν ἔστησαν.

  [5] Calling to mind, then, this prophecy, some at the command of Aeneas brought the images of the gods out of the ship to the place appointed by him, others prepared pedestals and altars for them, and the women with shouts and dancing accompanied the images. And Aeneas with his companions, when a sacrifice had been made ready, stood round the altar with the customary garlands on their heads.

  [1] ἐν ᾧ δὲ οὗτοι τὰς εὐχὰς ἐποιήσαντο, ἡ μέλλουσα καθιεροῦσθαι ὗς ἐγκύμων οὖσα καὶ οὐ πρόσω τόκου καταρχομένων αὐτῆς τῶν θυτήρων διασεισαμένη καὶ ἀποφυγοῦσα τοὺς κατέχοντας ἄνω θαλάττης [p. 90] ἔθει. Αἰνείας δὲ μαθὼν ὅτι ταύτην ἄρα τὴν τετράποδα ἡγεμόνα τὸ θέσφατον αὐτοῖς ἐδήλου παρηκολούθει σὺν ὀλίγοις μικρὸν ὑπολειπόμενος, δεδοικὼς μὴ ὑπὸ θορύβου τῶν διωκόντων ἀποτραπείη τῆς κατὰ

  [56.1] While these were offering up their prayers, the sow which was the destined victim, being big with young and near her time, shook herself free as the priests were performing the initial rites, and fleeing from those who held her, ran back into the country. And Aeneas, understanding that this, then, was the four-footed beast the oracle intended as their guide, followed the sow with a few of his people at a small distance, fearing lest, disturbed by her pursuers, she might be frightened from the course fate had appointed for her.

  [2] δαίμονα ὁδοῦ. καὶ ἡ μὲν ἀμφὶ τοὺς εἴκοσι καὶ τέτταρας σταδίους ἀπὸ θαλάττης διελθοῦσα λόφον τινὰ προσανατρέχει, ἔνθα ὑπὸ καμάτου μοχθήσασα καθέζεται. τῷ δὲ Αἰνείᾳ ῾τέλος γὰρ τὰ μαντεύματα ἐφαίνετο ἔχειν᾽ ὁρῶντι τὸ χωρίον γῆς τε οὐκ ἐν καλῷ καὶ θαλάττης πρόσω καὶ οὐδὲ ταύτης ἐνορμίσασθαι ἀγαθῆς, πολλὴ παρίσταται ἀμηχανία, πότερα χρὴ τῷ θεσφάτῳ πειθομένους αὐτοῦ κατοικεῖν, ἔνθα λυπηρὸν εἰσαεὶ βίον τρίψουσιν οὐδενὸς χρηστοῦ ἀπολαύοντες, ἢ προσωτέρω χωρητέον ἐπὶ γῆς ἀμείνονος μάστευσιν.

  [2] And the sow, after going about twenty-four stades from the sea, ran up a hill and there, spent with weariness, she lay down. But Aeneas, — for the oracles seemed now to be fulfilled, — observing that the place was not only in a poor part of the land, but also at a distance from the sea, and that even the latter did not afford a safe anchorage, found himself in great perplexity whether they ought in obedience to the oracle to settle there, where they would lead a life of perpetual misery without enjoying any advantage, or ought to go farther in search of better land.

  [3] ταῦτα δὲ αὐτῷ διανοουμένῳ καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς ἔχοντι δι᾽ αἰτίας ἄφνω λέγεται φωνή τις ἐκ τῆς νάπης ἀφανοῦς ὄντος τοῦ φθεγγομένου προσπεσεῖν κελεύουσα μένειν τε αὐτόθι καὶ πολίζεσθαι διὰ ταχέων καὶ μὴ τῷ ἀπόρῳ τῆς παρούσης δόξης ἐπιτρέψαντα, εἰ μὴ ἐν εὐβότῳ γῇ τὸν βίον ἱδρύσεται, τὴν μέλλουσάν τε καὶ

  [3] While he was pondering thus and blaming the gods, on a sudden, they say, a voice came to him from the wood, — though the speaker was not to be see, — commanding him to stay there and battled a city immediately, and not, by giving way to the difficulty occasioned by his present opinion, just because he would be establishing his abode in a barren country, to reject his future good fortune, that was indeed all but actually present.

  [4] ὅσον οὔπω παροῦσαν εὐτυχίαν ἀπώσασθαι. εἶναι γὰρ αὐτῷ πεπρωμένον ἐκ ταύτης ὁρμώμενον τῆς λυπρᾶς καὶ ὀλίγης τὸ πρῶτον οἰκήσεως πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθὴν ἐπικτήσασθαι γῆν σὺν χρόνῳ: παισὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐγγόνοις ἔσεσθαι ἀρχὴν μεγίστην καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον χρόνον ἐκμηκυνθησομένην ὑπάρξαι. ταύτην μὲν οὖν [p. 91] ἐν τῷ παρόντι καταγωγὴν ἔσεσθαι τοῖς Τρωσί: μετὰ δὲ τοσούτους ἐνιαυτοὺς ὅσους ἂν ἡ ὗς τέκῃ χοίρους κτισθήσεσθαι πρὸς τῶν ἐξ ἐκείνου γενησομένων πόλιν ἑτέραν εὐδαίμονα καὶ μεγάλην. μαθόντα δὲ τὸν Αἰνείαν καὶ νομίσαντα δαιμόνιόν τι τὸ χρῆμα τῆς φωνῆς εἶναι ποιεῖν ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἐκέλευεν.

  [4] For it was fated that, beginning with this sorry and, at first, small habitation, he should in the course of time acquire a spacious and fertile country, and that his children and posterity should possess a vast empire which should be prolonger for many ages. For the present, therefore, this settlement should be a refuge for the Trojans, but, after as many years as the sow should bring forth young ones, another city, large and flourishing, should be built by his posterity. It is said that Aeneas, hearing this and looking upon the voice as something divine, did as the god commanded.

  [5] ἕτεροι δὲ λέγουσιν ἀδημονοῦντι τῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ παρεικότι τὸ σῶμα ὑπὸ λύπης καὶ οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον καταβάντι οὔτε σῖτα προσενεγκαμένῳ, αὐτοῦ δὲ ὡς ἔτυχεν αὐλισθέντι τὴν νύκτ᾽ ἐκείνην, ἐπιστῆναι μεγάλην τινὰ καὶ θαυμαστὴν ἐνυπνίου τῶν θεῶν τινι τῶν πατρίων εἰκασθεῖσαν ὄψιν τὰ λεχθέντα μικρῷ πρότερον ὑποτιθεμένην: ὁποτέρως δὲ τἀληθὲς ἔχει θεοῖς ἂν εἴη γνώριμον. τῇ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ τριάκοντα λέγεται χοίρους ἡ ὗς �
��κτεκεῖν, καὶ τοσούτοις ἐνιαυτοῖς ὕστερον ὑπὸ τῶν Τρώων ἑτέρα κτισθῆναι πόλις κατὰ τὸ θέσφατον, ὑπὲρ ἧς ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ τόπῳ διαλέξομαι.

  [5] But others say that while he was dismayed and had neglected himself in his grief, to such a degree that he neither came into the camp nor took any food, but spent that night just as he was, a great and wonderful vision of a dream appeared to him in the likeness of one of his country’s gods and gave him the advice just before mentioned. Which of these accounts is the true one the gods only know. The next day, it is said, the sow brought forth thirty young ones, and just that many years later, in accordance with the oracle, another city was built by the Trojans, concerning which I shall speak in the proper place.

  [1] Αἰνείας δὲ τῆς μὲν ὑὸς τὸν τόκον ἅμα τῇ γειναμένῃ τοῖς πατρῴοις ἁγίζει θεοῖς ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ τῷδ᾽, οὗ νῦν ἐστιν ἡ καλιάς, καὶ αὐτὴν οἱ Λαουινιάται τοῖς ἄλλοις ἄβατον φυλάττοντες ἱερὰν νομίζουσι: τοῖς δὲ Τρωσὶ μεταστρατοπεδεῦσαι κελεύσας ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον ἱδρύεται τὰ ἕδη τῶν θεῶν ἐν τῷ κρατίστῳ καὶ αὐτίκα περὶ τὴν κατασκευὴν τοῦ πολίσματος ἁπάσῃ [p. 92] προθυμίᾳ ὥρμητο ἐλάμβανέ τε καταθέων ἐκ τῶν πέριξ χωρίων ὁπόσα εἰς τὸν πολισμὸν αὐτῷ ἦν χρήσιμα καὶ μάλιστα ἔμελλε λυπηρὰ τοῖς ἀφαιρεθεῖσι φανήσεσθαι, σίδηρον καὶ ξύλα καὶ τὰς γεωργικὰς παρασκευάς.