Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [1] ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατεσκευάσθη τοῖς Τρωσὶν ἡ πόλις, ἐπιθυμία πάντας ἴσχεν ἰσχυρὰ τοῦ παρ᾽ ἀλλήλων ἀπολαῦσαι χρησίμου, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῶν πρῶτοι ἄρχουσι μίξαντες τοῦ τε ἐπιχωρίου καὶ τοῦ ἐπήλυδος γένους τὴν ἀξίωσιν ἐπὶ συναλλαγαῖς γάμου, δόντος Λατίνου τὴν θυγατέρα Λαῦναν Αἰνείᾳ γυναῖκα.

  [60.1] After the Trojans’ city was built all were extremely desirous of enjoying the mutual benefit of their new alliance. And their kings setting the example, united the excellence of the two races, the native and the foreign, by ties of marriage, Latinus giving his daughter Lavinia to Aeneas.

  [2] ἔπειτα καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι τὴν αὐτὴν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἐπιθυμίαν λαβόντες καὶ δι᾽ ὀλίγου πάνυ χρόνου συνενεγκάμενοι ἔθη καὶ νόμους καὶ θεῶν ἱερά, κηδείας τε συνάψαντες ἀλλήλοις καὶ κοινωνίαις πολέμων ἀνακεράσθέντες, οἱ σύμπαντες κοινῇ ὀνομασίᾳ προσαγορεύοντες ἑαυτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Ἀβοριγίνων Λατίνους, οὕτω βεβαίως ἔμειναν ἐπὶ τοῖς συγκειμένοις, ὥστ᾽ οὐδεὶς αὐτοὺς ἔτι χρόνος ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων διέστησε.

  [2] Thereupon the rest also conceived the same desire as their kings; and combining in a very brief time their customs, laws and religious ceremonies, forming ties through intermarriages and becoming mingled together in the wars they jointly waged, and all calling themselves by the common name of Latins, after the king of the Aborigines, they adhered so firmly to their pact that no lapse of time has yet severed them from one another.

  [3] τὰ μὲν δὴ συνελθόντα ἔθνη καὶ κοινωσάμενα τοὺς βίους, ἐξ ὧν τὸ Ῥωμαίων γένος ὥρμηται, πρὶν ἣν νῦν ἔχουσιν οἰκισθῆναι πόλιν, ταῦτά ἐστιν: Ἀβοριγῖνες μὲν πρῶτον, οἳ Σικελοὺς ἐξανέστησαν ἐκ τούτων τῶν χωρίων, Ἕλληνες ὄντες τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐκ Πελοποννήσου [p. 98] τῶν σὺν Οἰνώτρῳ μετενεγκαμένων τὴν οἴκησιν ἐκ τῆς καλουμένης νῦν Ἀρκαδίας, ὡς ἐγὼ πείθομαι: ἔπειθ᾽ οἱ μεταναστάντες ἐκ τῆς τότε μὲν Αἱμονίας, νῦν δὲ Θετταλίας καλουμένης, Πελασγοί: τρίτοι δὲ οἱ σὺν Εὐάνδρῳ παραγενηθέντες εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἐκ Παλλαντίου πόλεως: μετὰ δὲ τούτους τῶν σὺν Ἡρακλεῖ στρατευομένων Πελοποννησίων Ἐπειοί τε καὶ Φενεᾶται, οἷς καὶ Τρωικόν τι ἐμμέμικται: τελευταῖοι δὲ οἱ διασωθέντες σὺν Αἰνείᾳ Τρῶες ἐξ Ἰλίου τε καὶ Δαρδάνου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Τρωικῶν πόλεων.

  [3] The nations, therefore, which came together and shared in a common life and from which the Roman people derived their origin before the city they now inhabit was built, are these: first, the Aborigines, who drove the Sicels out of these parts and were originally Greeks from the Peloponnesus, the same who with Oenotrus removed from the country now called Arcadia, according to my opinion; then, the Pelasgians, who came from Haemonia, as it was then called, but now Thessaly; third, those who came into Italy with Evander from the city of Pallantium; after them the Epeans and Pheneats, who were part of the Peloponnesian army commanded by Hercules, with whom a Trojan element also was commingled; and, last of all, the Trojans who had escaped with Aeneas from Ilium, Dardanus and the other Trojan cities.

  [1] ὅτι δὲ καὶ τὸ τῶν Τρώων ἔθνος Ἑλληνικὸν ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα ἦν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου ποτὲ ὡρμημένον, εἴρηται μὲν καὶ ἄλλοις τισὶ πάλαι, λεχθήσεται δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἐμοῦ δι᾽ ὀλίγων. ἔχει δὲ ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτῶν ὧδε: Ἄτλας γίνεται βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν τῇ καλουμένῃ νῦν Ἀρκαδίᾳ, ᾤκει δὲ περὶ τὸ λεγόμενον Καυκώνιον ὄρος. τούτῳ θυγατέρες ἦσαν ἑπτὰ αἱ νῦν ἐν οὐρανῷ κατηστερίσθαι λεγόμεναι Πλειάδες ἐπίκλησιν, ὧν μίαν μὲν Ἠλέκτραν Ζεὺς γαμεῖ καὶ

  [61.1] That the Trojans, too, were a nation as truly Greek as any and formerly came from the Peloponnesus has long been asserted by some authors and shall be briefly related by me also. The account concerning them is as follows. Atlas was the first king of the country now called Arcadia, and he lived near the mountain called Thaumasius. He had seven daughters, who are said to be numbered now among the constellations under the name of the Pleiades; Zeus married one of these, Electra, and had by her two sons, Iasus and Dardanus.

  [2] γεννᾷ παῖδας ἐξ αὐτῆς Ἴασον καὶ Δάρδανον. Ἴασος μὲν οὖν ἠίθεος μένει, Δάρδανος δὲ ἄγεται γυναῖκα Χρύσην Πάλλαντος θυγατέρα, ἐξ ἧς αὐτῷ γίνονται παῖδες Ἰδαῖος καὶ Δείμας. οὗτοι τέως μὲν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ παραλαβόντες τὴν Ἄτλαντος δυναστείαν ἐβασίλευον, ἔπειτα κατακλυσμοῦ γενομένου μεγάλου περὶ τὴν Ἀρκαδίαν τὰ μὲν πεδία ἐξελιμνώθη καὶ πολλοῦ [p. 99] χρόνου γεωργεῖσθαι ἀδύνατα ἦν, οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι ῾ᾤκουν γὰρ ἀνὰ τὰ ὄρη γλίσχρως ποριζόμενοι τὰς τροφάσ᾽ συμφρονήσαντες ὡς οὐχ ἱκανὴ βόσκειν ἔσται πάντας ἡ περιοῦσα γῆ νέμονται σφᾶς αὐτοὺς διχῇ: καὶ αὐτῶν οἱ μὲν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ ὑπομένουσι βασιλέα καταστησάμενοι Δείμαντα τὸν Δαρδάνου, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ

  [2] Iasus remained unmarried, but Dardanus married Chrysê, the daughter of Pallas, by whom he had two sons, Idaeus and Deimas; and these, succeeding Atlas in the kingdom, reign for some time in Arcadia. Afterwards, a great deluge occurring throughout Arcadia, the plains were overflowed and for a long time could not be tilled; and the inhabitants, living upon the mountains and eking out a sorry livelihood, decided that the land remaining would not be sufficient for the support of them all, and so divided themselves into two groups, one of which remained in Arcadia, after making Deimas, the son of Dardanus, their king, while the other left the Peloponnesus on board a large fleet.

  [3] ἀπανίστανται Πελοποννήσου στόλῳ μεγάλῳ. ποιούμενοι δὲ τὸν πλοῦν παρὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην εἰς τὸν Μέλανα καλούμενον ἀφικνοῦνται κόλπον καὶ τυγχάνουσιν ἐν νήσῳ τινὶ τῆς Θρᾴκης ὁρμισάμενοι, ἣν οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν εἴτε ἦν οἰκουμένη καὶ πρότερον, εἴτ᾽ ἔρημος: ᾗ τίθενται τοὔνομα σύνθετον ἔκ τε ἀνδρὸς καὶ τόπου, Σαμοθρᾴκην: τὸ μὲν γὰρ χωρίον τῆς Θρᾴκης, ὁ δὲ οἰκιστὴς Σάμων, υἱὸς Ἑρμοῦ καὶ νύμφης Κυλληνίδος Ῥήνης ὀνομαζομένης.

  [3] And sailing along the coast of Europe, they came to a gulf called Melas and chanced to land on a certain island of Thrace, as to which I am unable to say whether it was previously inhabited or not. They called the island Samothrace, a name compounded of the name of a man and the name of a place. For it belongs to Thrace and its first settler was Samon, the son of
Hermes and a nymph of Cyllenê, named Rhenê.

  [4] ἐκεῖ δὲ χρόνον οὐ πολὺν διατρίψαντες, ὡς οὐκ εὐμαρὴς ἦν ὁ βίος αὐτοῖς γῇ τε λυπρᾷ καὶ θαλάττῃ ἀγρίᾳ μαχομένοις, ὀλίγους τινὰς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ λειπόμενοι ἀπανίστανται πάλιν οἱ πλείους εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἔχοντες ἡγεμόνα τῆς ἀποικίας Δάρδανον: Ἴασος γὰρ ἐν τῇ νήσῳ κεραυνῷ πληγεὶς τελευτᾷ Δήμητρος εὐνῆς ὀριγνώμενος οἱ ἔχειν: ποιησάμενοί τε τὴν ἀπόβασιν ἐν τῷ καλουμένῳ νῦν Ἑλλησπόντῳ περὶ τὴν ὕστερον κληθεῖσαν οἰκίζονται Φρυγίαν, [p. 100] Ἰδαῖος μὲν ὁ Δαρδάνου μέρος τῆς στρατιᾶς ἔχων ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, ἃ νῦν Ἰδαῖα ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου λέγεται, ἔνθα μητρὶ θεῶν ἱερὸν ἱδρυσάμενος ὄργια καὶ τελετὰς κατεστήσατο, αἳ καὶ εἰς τόδε χρόνου διαμένουσιν ἐν ἁπάσῃ Φρυγίᾳ: Δάρδανος δ᾽ ἐν τῇ καλουμένῃ νῦν Τρωάδι πόλιν ὁμώνυμον αὑτῷ κατασκευάσας, δόντος αὐτῷ τὰ χωρία Τεύκρου βασιλέως, ἀφ᾽ οὗ Τευκρὶς τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἡ γῆ ἐλέγετο:

  [4] Here they remained but a short time, since the life proved to be no easy one for them, forced to contend, as they were, with both a poor soil and a boisterous sea; but leaving some few of their people in the island, the greater part of them removed once more and went to Asia under Dardanus as leader of their colony (for Iasus had died in the island, being struck with a thunderbolt for desiring to have intercourse with Demeter), and disembarking in the strait now called the Hellespont, they settled in the region which was afterwards called Phrygia. Idaeus, the son of Dardanus, with part of the company occupied the mountains which are now called after him the Idaean mountains, and there built a temple to the Mother of the Gods and instituted mysteries and ceremonies which are observed to this day throughout all Phrygia. And Dardanus built a city named after himself in the region now called the Troad; the land was given to him by Teucer, the king, after whom the country was anciently called Teucris.

  [5] τοῦτον δὲ ἄλλοι τε πολλοὶ καὶ Φανόδημος ὁ τὴν Ἀττικὴν γράψας ἀρχαιολογίαν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς μετοικῆσαί φασιν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν δήμου Ξυπεταιέως ἄρχοντα καὶ πολλὰ παρέχονται τοῦ λόγου τεκμήρια. κρατήσαντα δὲ χώρας συχνῆς τε καὶ ἀγαθῆς καὶ οὐ πολὺ τὸ ἐπιχώριον ἐχούσης γένος ἀσμένως τὸν Δάρδανον ἰδεῖν καὶ τὸ σὺν αὐτῷ παραγενόμενον Ἑλληνικόν, τῶν τε πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμων συμμαχίας ἕνεκα καὶ ἵνα ἡ γῆ μὴ ᾖ ἔρημος.

  [5] Many authors, and particularly Phanodemus, who wrote about the ancient lore of Attica, say that Teucer had come into Asia from Attica, where he had been chief of the deme called Xypetê, and of this tale they offer many proofs. They add that, having possessed himself of a large and fertile country with but a small native population, he was glad to see Dardanus and the Greeks who came with him, both because he hoped for their assistance in his wars against the barbarians and because he desired that the land should not remain unoccupied.

  [1] ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ὁ λόγος καὶ τὸν Αἰνείαν ἐξ ὧν ἔφυ διηγήσασθαι: βραχείᾳ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο δηλώσει σημανῶ. Δάρδανος ἐπειδὴ Χρύσην τὴν Πάλλαντος θυγατέρα, ἐξ ἧς οἱ πρότεροι παῖδες ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ, τελευτῆσαι συνέπεσε, Βάτειαν γαμεῖ τὴν Τεύκρου θυγατέρα: καὶ γίνεται παῖς αὐτῷ Ἐριχθόνιος, ὃς ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων εὐδαιμονέστατος λέγεται γενέσθαι τῆς τε πατρῴας καὶ τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ μητροπάτορι γενομένης [p. 101]

  [62] But the subject requires that I relate also how Aeneas was descended: this, too, I shall do briefly. Dardanus, after the death of Chrysê, the daughter of Pallas, by whom he had his first sons, married Bateia, the daughter of Teucer, and by her had Erichthonius, who is said to have been the most fortunate of all men, since he inherited both the kingdom of his father and that of his maternal grandfather.

  [2] κληρονομήσας ἀρχῆς. Ἐριχθονίου δὲ καὶ Καλλιρρόης τῆς Σκαμάνδρου γίνεται Τρώς, ἀφ᾽ οὗ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τὸ ἔθνος ἔχει: Τρωὸς δὲ καὶ Ἀκαλλαρίδος τῆς Εὐμήδους Ἀσσάρακος ἦν: τούτου δὲ καὶ Κλυτοδώρας τῆς Λαομέδοντος Κάπυς: Κάπυος δὲ καὶ νύμφης Ναϊάδος Ἱερομνήμης Ἀγχίσης: Ἀγχίσου δὲ καὶ Ἀφροδίτης Αἰνείας. ὡς μὲν δὴ καὶ τὸ Τρωικὸν γένος Ἑλληνικὸν ἀρχῆθεν ἦν δεδήλωταί μοι.

  [2] Of Erichthonius and Callirrhoê, the daughter of Scamander, was born Tros, from whom the nation has received its name; of Tros and Acallaris, the daughter of Eumedes, Assaracus; of Assaracus and Clytodora, the daughter of Laomedon, Capys; of Capys and a Naiad nymph, Hieromnemê, Anchises; of Anchises and Aphroditê, Aeneas. Thus I have shown that the Trojan race, too, was originally Greek.

  [1] περὶ δὲ τῶν χρόνων ἐν οἷς ἐκτίσθη τὸ Λαουΐνιον ἄλλοι μὲν ἄλλως λέγουσιν: ἐμοὶ μέντοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ δευτέρῳ μετὰ τὴν ἔξοδον τὴν ἐκ Τροίας ἔτει φέροντες αὐτὴν εἰκότα μᾶλλον λέγειν. Ἴλιος μὲν γὰρ ἑάλω τελευτῶντος ἤδη τοῦ θέρους, ἑπτακαίδεκα πρότερον ἡμέραις τῆς θερινῆς τροπῆς, ὀγδόῃ φθίνοντος μηνὸς Θαργηλιῶνος, ὡς Ἀθηναῖοι τοὺς χρόνους ἄγουσι, περιτταὶ δὲ ἦσαν αἱ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐκεῖνον ἐκπληροῦσαι μετὰ τὴν τροπὴν εἴκοσιν ἡμέραι. ἐν δὴ ταῖς ἑπτὰ καὶ τριάκοντα ταῖς ἀπὸ τῆς ἁλώσεως διαγενομέναις τά τε περὶ τὴν πόλιν οἴομαι διοικήσασθαι τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς καὶ τὰς πρεσβείας ἐπιδέξασθαι τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἀφεστηκότων καὶ τὰ ὅρκια ποιήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτούς:

  [63.1] Concerning the time when Lavinium was built there are various reports, but to me the most probable seems to be that which places it in the second year after the departure of the Trojans from Troy. For Ilium was taken at the end of the spring, seventeen days before the summer solstice, and the eighth from the end of the month Thargelion, according to the calendar of the Athenians; and there still remained twenty days after the solstice to complete that year. During the thirty-seven days that followed the taking of the city I imagine the Achaeans were employed in regulating the affairs of the city, in receiving embassies from those who had withdrawn themselves, and in concluding a treaty with them.

  [2] τῷ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἔτει, πρώτῳ δὲ μετὰ τὴν [p. 102] ἅλωσιν ὑπὸ τὴν μετοπωρινὴν ἰσημερίαν ἄραντες οἱ Τρῶες ἐκ τῆς γῆς περαιοῦνται τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον καὶ καταχθέντες εἰς τὴν Θρᾴκην αὐτοῦ διατρίβουσι τὴν χειμερινὴν ὥραν δεχόμενοί τε τοὺς ἐπισυνιόντας ἐκ τῆς φυγῆς καὶ παρασκευαζόμενοι τὰ εἰς τὸν ἀπόπλουν.
ἐκ δὲ τῆς Θρᾴκης ἀναστάντες ἔαρος ἀρχομένου τελοῦσι τὸν μεταξὺ πλοῦν ἄχρι Σικελίας: ἐκεῖ δὲ ὁρμισαμένοις αὐτοῖς τὸ ἔτος τοῦτο τελευτᾷ, καὶ διατρίβουσι τὸν δεύτερον χειμῶνα τὰς πόλεις συνοικίζοντες τοῖς Ἐλύμοις ἐν Σικελίᾳ.

  [2] In the following year, which was the first after the taking of the city, the Trojans set sail about the autumnal equinox, crossed the Hellespont, and landing in Thrace, passed the winter season there, during which they received the fugitives who kept flocking to them and made the necessary preparations for their voyage. And leaving Thrace in the beginning of spring, they sailed as far as Sicily; when they had landed there that year came to an end, and they passed the second winter in assisting the Elymians to found their cities in Sicily.

  [3] πλοΐμων δὲ γενομένων ἄραντες ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου περῶσι τὸ Τυρρηνικὸν πέλαγος καὶ τελευτῶντες εἰς Λωρεντὸν ἀφικνοῦνται τὸν Ἀβοριγίνων αἰγιαλὸν μεσούσης θερείας. λαβόντες δὲ τὸ χωρίον οἰκίζουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ Λαουΐνιον τὸν δεύτερον ἀπὸ τῆς ἁλώσεως ἐκπληρώσαντες ἐνιαυτόν. καὶ περὶ μὲν τούτων ὡς ἔχω δόξης δεδήλωταί μοι.

  [3] But as soon as conditions were favourable for navigation they set sail from the island, and crossing the Tyrrhenian sea, arrived at last at Laurentum on the coast of the Aborigines in the middle of the summer. And having received the ground from them, they founded Lavinium, thus bringing to an end the second year from the taking of Troy. With regard to these matters, then, I have thus shown my opinion.

  [1] Αἰνείας δὲ κατασκευάσας ἱεροῖς τε καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις κόσμοις ἀποχρώντως τὴν πόλιν, ὧν τὰ πλεῖστα ἔτι καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ ἦν, τῷ μὲν ἑξῆς ἐνιαυτῷ, τρίτῳ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐξόδου, Τρώων ἐβασίλευσε μόνων: τῷ δὲ τετάρτῳ τελευτήσαντος Λατίνου καὶ τὴν ἐκείνου βασιλείαν παραλαμβάνει τῆς τε κηδείας οἰκειότητι τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπικλήρου τῆς Λαύνας γενομένης μετὰ τὸν Λατίνου θάνατον καὶ τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς ἀστυγείτονας πολέμου τῆς στρατηγίας ἕνεκα.