Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [2] οἵπερ καὶ μάλιστα ἐδόκουν τὸν πόλεμον ἐνάγειν. ἐξεστρατευμένων δὲ τούτων καὶ δῃούντων τὴν ὅμορον ἐξαγαγὼν τὴν δύναμιν ὁ Ῥωμύλος, ἀφυλάκτοις οὖσιν ἔτι τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀπροσδοκήτως ἐπιτίθεται καὶ τοῦ τε χάρακος αὐτῶν ἀρτίως ἱδρυμένου γίνεται κύριος τοῖς τε φεύγουσιν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐκ ποδὸς ἑπόμενος οὐδέπω τῶν ἔνδον πεπυσμένων τὴν περὶ τοὺς σφετέρους συμφορὰν τεῖχός τε ἀφύλακτον εὑρὼν καὶ πύλας ἀκλείστους αἱρεῖ τὴν πόλιν ἐξ ἐφόδου καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Καινινιτῶν ὑπαντήσαντα σὺν καρτερᾷ χειρὶ μαχόμενος αὐτοχειρίᾳ κτείνει καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἀφαιρεῖται.

  [2] When these men, then, had taken the field and were wasting the country that bordered on their own, Romulus led out his army, and unexpectedly falling upon the enemy while they were as yet off their guard, he made himself master of their camp, which was but just completed. Then following close upon the heels of those who fled into the city, where the inhabitants had not as yet learned of the defeat of their forces, and finding the walls unguarded and the gates unbarred, he took the town by storm; and when the king of the Caeninenses met him with a strong body of men, he fought with him, and slaying him with his own hands, stripped him of his arms.

  [1] τοῦτον δὲ τὸν τρόπον ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως τὰ ὅπλα παραδοῦναι τοὺς ἁλόντας κελεύσας καὶ [p. 201] παῖδας εἰς ὁμηρείαν, οὓς ἐβούλετο, λαβὼν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀντεμνάτας ἐχώρει. γενόμενος δὲ καὶ τῆς ἐκείνων δυνάμεως ἐσκεδασμένης ἔτι κατὰ τὰς προνομὰς τῇ παρ᾽ ἐλπίδας ἐφόδῳ καθάπερ καὶ τῆς προτέρας ἐγκρατὴς καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ τοὺς ἁλόντας διαθεὶς ἀπῆγεν ἐπ᾽ οἴκου τὴν δύναμιν, ἄγων σκῦλά τε ἀπὸ τῶν πεπτωκότων κατὰ τὴν μάχην καὶ ἀκροθίνια λαφύρων θεοῖς, καὶ

  [34.1] The town being taken in this manner, he ordered the prisoners to deliver up their arms, and taking such of their children for hostages as he thought fit, he marched against the Antemnates. And having conquered their army also, in the same manner as the other, by falling upon them unexpectedly while they were still dispersed in foraging, and having accorded the same treatment to the prisoners, he led his army home, carrying with him the spoils of those who had been slain in battle and the choicest part of the booty as an offering to the gods; and he offered many sacrifices besides.

  [2] πολλὰς ἅμα τούτοις θυσίας ἐποιήσατο. τελευταῖος δὲ τῆς πομπῆς αὐτὸς ἐπορεύετο ἐσθῆτα μὲν ἠμφιεσμένος ἁλουργῆ, δάφνῃ δὲ κατεστεμμένος τὰς κόμας καὶ ἵνα τὸ βασίλειον ἀξίωμα σώζῃ τεθρίππῳ παρεμβεβηκώς. ἡ δ᾽ ἄλλη δύναμις αὐτῷ παρηκολούθει πεζῶν τε καὶ ἱππέων κεκοσμημένη κατὰ τέλη θεούς τε ὑμνοῦσα πατρίοις ᾠδαῖς καὶ τὸν ἡγεμόνα κυδαίνουσα ποιήμασιν αὐτοσχεδίοις. οἱ δ᾽ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑπήντων αὐτοῖς ἅμα γυναιξί τε καὶ τέκνοις παρ᾽ ἄμφω τὰ μέρη τῆς ὁδοῦ τῇ τε νίκῃ συνηδόμενοι καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἅπασαν ἐνδεικνύμενοι φιλοφροσύνην. ὡς δὲ παρῆλθεν ἡ δύναμις εἰς τὴν πόλιν κρατῆρσί τε ἐπετύγχανεν οϊνῳ κεκραμένοις καὶ τραπέζαις τροφῆς παντοίας γεμούσαις, αἳ παρὰ τὰς ἐπιφανεστάτας τῶν οἰκιῶν ἔκειντο, ἵνα ἐμφορεῖσθαι τοῖς βουλομένοις ᾖ.

  [2] Romulus himself came last in the procession, clad in a purple robe and wearing a crown of laurel upon his head, and, that he might maintain the royal dignity, he rode in a chariot drawn by four horses. The rest of the army, both foot and horse, followed, ranged in their several divisions, praising the gods in songs of their country and extolling their general in improvised verses. They were met by the citizens with their wives and children, who, ranging themselves on each side of the road, congratulated them upon their victory and expressed their welcome in every other way. When the army entered the city, they found mixing bowls filled to the brim with wine and tables loaded down with all sorts of viands, which were placed before the most distinguished houses in order that all who pleased might take their fill.

  [3] ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐπινίκιός τε καὶ τροπαιοφόρος πομπὴ καὶ θυσία, ἣν καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι θρίαμβον, ὑπὸ Ῥωμύλου πρώτου [p. 202] κατασταθεῖσα τοιαύτη τις ἦν: ἐν δὲ τῷ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς βίῳ πολυτελὴς γέγονε καὶ ἀλαζὼν εἰς πλούτου μᾶλλον ἐπίδειξιν ἢ δόκησιν ἀρετῆς ἐπιτραγῳδουμένη καὶ καθ᾽

  [3] Such was the victorious procession, marked by the carrying of trophies and concluding with a sacrifice, which the Romans call a triumph, as it was first instituted by Romulus. But in our day the triumph had become a very costly and ostentatious pageant, being attended with a theatrical pomp that is designed rather as a display of wealth than as approbation of valour, and it has departed in every respect from its ancient simplicity.

  [4] ἅπασαν ἰδέαν ἐκβέβηκε τὴν ἀρχαίαν εὐτέλειαν. μετὰ δὲ τὴν πομπήν τε καὶ θυσίαν νεὼν κατασκευάσας ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἐπὶ τῆς κορυφῆς τοῦ Καπιτωλίου λόφου Διός, ὃν ἐπικαλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι φερέτριον, οὐ μέγαν: ἔτι γὰρ αὐτοῦ σώζεται τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἴχνος ἐλάττονας ἢ πέντε ποδῶν καὶ δέκα τὰς μείζους πλευρὰς ἔχον: ἐν τούτῳ καθιέρωσε τὰ σκῦλα τοῦ Καινινιτῶν βασιλέως, ὃν αὐτοχειρίᾳ κατειργάσατο. τὸν δὲ Δία τὸν φερέτριον, ᾧ τὰ ὅπλα ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἀνέθηκεν, εἴτε βούλεταί τις τροπαιοῦχον εἴτε σκυλοφόρον καλεῖν ὡς ἀξιοῦσί τινες εἴθ᾽, ὅτι πάντων ὑπερέχει καὶ πᾶσαν ἐν κύκλῳ περιείληφε τὴν τῶν ὄντων φύσιν τε καὶ κίνησιν, ὑπερφερέτην οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται τῆς ἀληθείας.

  [4] After the procession and the sacrifice Romulus built a small temple on the summit of the Capitoline hill to Jupiter whom the Romans call Feretrius; indeed, the ancient traces of it still remain, of which the longest sides are •less than fifteen feet. In this temple he consecrated the spoils of the king of the Caeninenses, whom he had slain with his own hand. As for Jupiter Feretrius, to whom Romulus dedicated these arms, one will not err from the truth whether one wishes to call him Tropaiouchos, or Skylophoros, as some will have it, or, since he excels all things and comprehends universal nature and motion, Hyperpheretês.

  [1] ὡς δ᾽ ἀπέδωκε τοῖς θεοῖς ὁ βασιλεὺς τὰς χαριστηρίους θυσίας τε καὶ ἀπαρχάς, πρὶν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων τι διαπράξασθαι βουλὴν ἐποιεῖτο περὶ τῶν κρατηθεισῶν πόλεων, ὅντινα χρηστέον αὐταῖς τρόπον, αὐτὸς ἣν ὑπελάμβανε κρατίστην εἶναι γνώμην, πρῶτος ἀποδειξάμενος.

  [35.1] Afte
r the king had offered to the gods the sacrifices of thanksgiving and the first-fruits of victory, before entering upon any other business, he assembled the senate to deliberate with them in what manner the conquered cities should be treated, and he himself first delivered the opinion he thought the best.

  [2] ὡς δὲ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ παροῦσιν ἥ τε ἀσφάλεια τῶν βουλευμάτων τοῦ ἡγεμόνος ἤρεσκε καὶ ἡ λαμπρότης τά τε ἄλλα ὅσα ἐξ αὐτῶν γενήσεται τῇ πόλει χρήσιμα οὐκ ἐν τῷ παραχρῆμα μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον [p. 203] ἐπῃνεῖτο, συνελθεῖν κελεύσας τὰς γυναῖκας ὅσαι τοῦ τε Ἀντεμνατῶν καὶ τοῦ Καινινιτῶν ἐτύγχανον οὖσαι γένους, ἡρπασμέναι δὲ ἅμα ταῖς ἄλλαις, ἐπεὶ δὲ συνῆλθον ὀλοφυρόμεναί τε καὶ προκυλιόμεναι καὶ τὰς τῶν πατρίδων ἀνακλαίουσαι τύχας, ἐπισχεῖν τῶν ὀδυρμῶν καὶ σιωπῆσαι κελεύσας ἔλεξε:

  [2] When all the senators who were present had approved of the counsels of their chief as both safe and brilliant and had praised all the other advantages that were likely to accrue from them to the commonwealth, not only for the moment but for all future time, he gave command for the assembling of all the women belonging to the race of the Antemnates and of the Caeninenses who had been seized with the rest. And when they had assembled, lamenting, throwing themselves at his feet and bewailing the calamities of their native cities, he commanded them to cease their lamentations and be silent, then spoke to them as follows:

  [3] τοῖς μὲν ὑμετέροις πατράσι καὶ ἀδελφοῖς καὶ ὅλαις ταῖς πόλεσιν ὑμῶν ἅπαντα τὰ δεινὰ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν, ὅτι πόλεμον ἀντὶ φιλίας οὔτε ἀναγκαῖον οὔτε καλὸν ἀνείλοντο: ἡμεῖς δὲ πολλῶν ἕνεκεν ἐγνώκαμεν μετρίᾳ χρήσασθαι γνώμῃ πρὸς αὐτοὺς θεῶν τε νέμεσιν ὑφορώμενοι τὴν ἅπασι τοῖς ὑπερόγκοις ἐνισταμένην καὶ ἀνθρώπων φθόνον δεδιότες ἔλεόν τε κοινῶν κακῶν οὐ μικρὸν ἔρανον εἶναι νομίζοντες, ὡς κἂν αὐτοί ποτε τοῦ παρ᾽ ἑτέρων δεηθέντες, ὑμῖν τε οὐ μεμπταῖς ὑπαρχούσαις μέχρι τοῦδε περὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ἄνδρας οὐ μικρὰν οἰόμενοι ταύτην ἔσεσθαι τιμὴν καὶ χάριν.

  [3] “Your fathers and brothers and your entire cities deserve to suffer every severity for having preferred to our friendship a war that was neither necessary nor honourable. We, however, have resolved for many reasons to treat them with moderation; for we not only fear the vengeance of the gods, which ever threatens the arrogant, and dread the ill-will of men, but we are also persuaded that mercy contributes not a little to alleviate the common ills of mankind, and we realize that we ourselves may one day stand in need of that of others. And we believe that to you, whose behaviour towards your husbands has thus far been blameless, this will be no small honour and favour.

  [4] παρίεμεν οὖν αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτάδα ταύτην ἀζήμιον καὶ οὔτε ἐλευθερίαν οὔτε κτῆσιν οὔτ᾽ ἄλλο τῶν ἀγαθῶν οὐδὲν τοὺς πολίτας ὑμῶν ἀφαιρούμεθα. ἐφίεμεν δὲ τοῖς τε μένειν γλιχομένοις ἐκεῖ καὶ τοῖς μετενέγκασθαι βουλομένοις τὰς οἰκήσεις ἀκίνδυνόν τε καὶ ἀμεταμέλητον τὴν αἵρεσιν. τοῦ δὲ μηδὲν ἔτι αὐτοὺς ἐπεξαμαρτεῖν μηδ᾽ εὑρεθῆναί τι χρῆμα, ὃ ποιήσει τὰς πόλεις διαλύσασθαι τὴν πρὸς ἡμᾶς φιλίαν, φάρμακον ἡγούμεθα κράτιστον εἶναι πρὸς εὐδοξίαν τε καὶ πρὸς [p. 204] ἀσφάλειαν τὸ αὐτὸ χρήσιμον ἀμφοτέροις, εἰ ποιήσαιμεν ἀποικίας τῆς Ῥώμης τὰς πόλεις καὶ συνοίκους αὐταῖς πέμψαιμεν αὐτόθεν τοὺς ἱκανούς. ἄπιτε οὖν ἀγαθὴν ἔχουσαι διάνοιαν καὶ διπλασίως ἢ πρότερον ἀσπάζεσθε καὶ τιμᾶτε τοὺς ἄνδρας, ὑφ᾽ ὧν γονεῖς τε ὑμῶν ἐσώθησαν καὶ ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατρίδες ἐλεύθεραι ἀφίενται.

  [4] We suffer this offence of theirs, therefore, to go unpunished and take from your fellow citizens neither their liberty nor their possessions nor any other advantages they enjoy; and both to those who desire to remain there and to those who wish to change their abode we grant full liberty to make their choice, not only without danger but without fear of repenting. But, to prevent their ever repeating their fault or the finding of any occasion to induce their cities to break off their alliance with us, the best means, we consider, and that which will at the same time conduce to the reputation and security of both, is for us to make those cities colonies of Rome and to send a sufficient number of our own people from here to inhabit them jointly with your fellow citizens. Depart, therefore, with good courage; and redouble your love and regard for your husbands, to whom your parents and brothers owe their preservation and your countries their liberty.”

  [5] αἱ μὲν δὴ γυναῖκες ὡς ταῦτ᾽ ἤκουσαν περιχαρεῖς γενόμεναι καὶ πολλὰ δάκρυα ὑφ᾽ ἡδονῆς ἀφεῖσαι μετέστησαν ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς, ὁ δὲ Ῥωμύλος τριακοσίους μὲν ἄνδρας εἰς ἑκατέραν ἀποίκους ἀπέστειλεν, οἷς ἔδοσαν αἱ πόλεις τρίτην κατακληρουχῆσαι μοῖραν τῆς ἑαυτῶν γῆς.

  [5] The women, hearing this, were greatly pleased, and shedding many tears of joy, left the Forum; but Romulus sent a colony of three hundred men into each city, to whom these cities gave a third part of their lands to be divided among them by lot.

  [6] Καινινιτῶν δὲ καὶ Ἀντεμνατῶν τοὺς βουλομένους μεταθέσθαι τὴν οἴκησιν εἰς Ῥώμην γυναιξὶν ἅμα καὶ τέκνοις μετήγαγον κλήρους τε τοὺς ἑοὺς ἑαυτῶν ἔχοντας καὶ χρήματα φερομένους ὅσα ἐκέκτηντο, οὓς εὐθὺς εἰς φυλὰς καὶ φράτρας ὁ βασιλεὺς κατέγραψε, τρισχιλίων οὐκ ἐλάττους ὄντας,

  [6] And those of the Caeninenses and Antemnates who desired to remove to Rome they brought thither together with their wives and children, permitting them to retain their allotments of land and to take with them all their possessions; and the king immediately enrolled them, numbering not less than three thousand, in the tribes and the curiae, so that the Romans had then for the first time six thousand foot in all upon the register.

  [7] ὥστε τοὺς σύμπαντας ἑξακισχιλίους πεζοὺς Ῥωμαίοις τότε πρῶτον ἐκ καταλόγου γενέσθαι. Καινίνη μὲν δὴ καὶ Ἄντεμνα πόλεις οὐκ ἄσημοι γένος ἔχουσαι τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, Ἀβοριγῖνες γὰρ αὐτὰς ἀφελόμενοι τοὺς Σικελοὺς κατέσχον, Οἰνώτρων μοῖρα τῶν ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας ἀφικομένων, ὡς εἴρηταί μοι πρότερον, μετὰ τόνδε τὸν πόλεμον ἀποικίαι Ῥωμαίων γεγένηντο. [p. 205]

  [7] Thus Caenina and Antemnae, no inconsiderable cities, whose inhabitants were of Greek origin (for the Aborigines had taken the cities from the Sicels and occupied them, these Aborigines being, as I
said before, part of those Oenotrians who had come out of Arcadia), after this war became Roman colonies.

  [1] ὁ δὲ Ῥωμύλος ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ἐπὶ Κρουστομερίνους ἐξάγει τὴν στρατιὰν παρεσκευασμένους ἄμεινον τῶν προτέρων: οὓς ἐκ παρατάξεώς τε καὶ τειχομαχίας παραστησάμενος ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς κατὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα γενομένους οὐδὲν ἔτι διαθεῖναι κακὸν ἠξίωσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταύτην ἐποίησεν ἄποικον Ῥωμαίων τὴν πόλιν ὥσπερ τὰς προτέρας.

  [36.1] Romulus, having attended to these matters, led out his army against the Crustumerians, who were better prepared than the armies of the other cities had been. And after he had reduced them both in a pitched battle and in an assault upon their city, although they had shown great bravery in the struggle, he did not think fit to punish them any further, but made this city also a Roman colony like the two former.

  [2] ἦν δὲ τὸ Κρουστομέριον Ἀλβανῶν ἀπόκτισις πολλοῖς πρότερον τῆς Ῥώμης ἀποσταλεῖσα χρόνοις. διαγγελλούσης δὲ τῆς φήμης πολλαῖς πόλεσι τήν τε κατὰ πολέμους γενναιότητα τοῦ ἡγεμόνος καὶ πρὸς τοὺς κρατηθέντας ἐπιείκειαν ἄνδρες τε αὐτῷ προσετίθεντο πολλοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοὶ δυνάμεις ἀξιοχρέους πανοικίᾳ μετανισταμένας ἐπαγόμενοι, ὧν ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς ἡγεμόνος ἐκ Τυρρηνίας ἐλθόντος, ᾧ Καίλιος ὄνομα ἦν, τῶν λόφων τις, ἐν ᾧ καθιδρύθη, Καίλιος εἰς τόδε χρόνου καλεῖται: καὶ πόλεις ὅλαι παρεδίδοσαν ἑαυτὰς ἀπὸ τῆς Μεδυλλίνων ἀρξάμεναι καὶ ἐγίνοντο Ῥωμαίων ἀποικίαι.