Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [7] If, however, you refuse to inhabit the same city with us, which is already large and will be larger, but are going to cling to your ancestral hearths, do this at least: appoint a single council to consider what shall be of advantage to each city, and give the supremacy to that one of the two cities which is the more powerful and is in a position to render the greater services to the weaker. This is what I recommend, and if these proposals are carried out I believe that we shall then be lasting friends; whereas, so long as we inhabit two cities of equal eminence, as at present, there never will be harmony between us.”

  [1] ταῦτ᾽ ἀκούσας ὁ Φουφέττιος χρόνον εἰς βουλὴν ᾐτήσατο, καὶ μεταστὰς ἐκ τοῦ συλλόγου μετὰ τῶν παρόντων Ἀλβανῶν εἰ χρὴ δέχεσθαι τὰς αἱρέσεις ἐσκόπει. ὡς δὲ τὰς ἁπάντων γνώμας ἔλαβεν, ἐπιστρέψας αὖθις εἰς τὸν σύλλογον ἔλεξεν: ἡμῖν μέν, ὦ Τύλλε, τὴν μὲν πατρίδα καταλιπεῖν οὐ δοκεῖ οὐδ᾽ ἐξερημοῦν ἱερὰ πατρῷα καὶ προγονικὰς ἑστίας καὶ τόπον, ὃν ἐγγὺς ἐτῶν πεντακοσίων οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν κατέσχον, καὶ ταῦτα μὴ πολέμου κατειληφότος ἡμᾶς μηδ᾽ ἄλλης θεοπέμπτου συμφορᾶς μηδεμιᾶς: ἓν δὲ καταστήσασθαι βουλευτήριον καὶ μίαν εἶναἰ

  [10.1] Fufetius, hearing this, desired time for taking counsel; and withdrawing from the assembly along with the Albans who were present, he consulted with them whether they should accept the proposals. Then, having taken the opinions of all, he returned to the assembly and spoke as follows: “We do not think it best, Tullius, to abandon our country or to desert the sanctuaries of our fathers, the hearths of our ancestors, and the place which our forbears have possessed for nearly five hundred years, particularly when we are not compelled to such a course either by war or by any other calamity inflicted by the hand of Heaven. But we are not opposed to establishing a single council and letting one of the two cities rule over the other.

  [2] τὴν ἄρξουσαν τῆς ἑτέρας πόλιν οὐκ ἀπαρέσκει. γραφέσθω δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις, ει δοκεῖ, καὶ πᾶσα ἀναιρείσθω πολέμου πρόφασις. ὡς δὲ συνέβησαν ἐπὶ τούτοις, περὶ τῆς μελλούσης τὴν ἡγεμονίαν παραλήψεσθαι πόλεως διεφέροντο, καὶ πολλοὶ ἐλέχθησαν εἰς τοῦτο λόγοι παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων δικαιοῦντος ἑκατέρου τὴν αὑτοῦ πόλιν ἄρχειν τῆς ἑτέρας. ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀλβανὸς τοιαῦτα προίσχετο δίκαια:

  [2] Let this article, then, also be inserted in the treaty, if agreeable, and let every excuse for war be removed.”

  These conditions having been agreed upon, they fell to disputing which of the two cities should be given the supremacy and many words were spoken by both of them upon this subject, each contending that his own city should rule over the other.

  [3] ἡμεῖς, ὦ Τύλλε, καὶ τῆς μὲν ἄλλης ἄρχειν ἄξιοί ἐσμεν Ἰταλίας, ὅτι ἔθνος Ἑλληνικὸν καὶ μέγιστον [p. 287] τῶν κατοικούντων τήνδε τὴν γῆν ἐθνῶν παρεχόμεθα, τοῦ δὲ Λατίνων ἔθνους, εἰ καὶ μηδενὸς τῶν ἄλλων ἐθνῶν, ἡγεῖσθαι δικαιοῦμεν οὐκ ἄτερ αἰτίας, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν ἀνθρώπων νόμον, ὃν ἡ φύσις ἔδωκεν ἅπασι, τῶν ἐκγόνων ἄρχειν τοὺς προγόνους. ὑπὲρ ἁπάσας δὲ τὰς ἄλλας ἀποικίας, αἷς μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος οὐδὲν ἐγκαλοῦμεν, τῆς ὑμετέρας οἰόμεθα δεῖν πόλεως ἄρχειν οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ τὴν ἀποικίαν εἰς αὐτὴν ἀπεσταλκότες, ὥστε ἐξίτηλον εἶναι ἤδη τὸ ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν γένος ὑπὸ χρόνου παλαιωθέν, ἀλλὰ τῇ τρίτῃ πρὸ ταύτης γενεᾷ. ἐὰν δὲ ἀναστρέψασα τὰς ἀνθρωπίνας δικαιώσεις ἡ φύσις τὰ νέα τάξῃ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἄρχειν καὶ τὰ ἔκγονα τῶν προγόνων, τότε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνεξόμεθα τὴν μητρόπολιν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀποικίας ἀρχομένην, πρότερον δὲ οὔ.

  [3] The claims advanced by the Alban leader were as follows:

  “As for us, Tullius, we deserve to rule over even all the rest of Italy, inasmuch as we represent a Greek nation and the greatest nation of all that inhabit this country. But to the sovereignty of the Latin nation, even if no other, we think ourselves entitled, not without reason, but in accordance with the universal law which Nature bestowed upon all men, that ancestors should rule their posterity. And above all our other colonies, against whom we have thus far no reason to complain, we think we ought to rule your city, having sent our colony thither not so long ago that the stock sprung from us is already extinct, exhausted by the lapse of time, but only the third generation before the present. If, indeed, Nature, inverting human rights, shall ever command the young to rule over the old and posterity over their progenitors, then we shall submit to seeing the mother-city ruled by its colony, but not before.

  [4] ἓν μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τὸ δικαίωμα παρεχόμενοι τῆς ἀρχῆς οὐκ ἂν ἀποσταίημεν ὑμῖν ἑκόντες ἕτερον δὲ τοιόνδε: δέξασθε δὲ αὐτὸ μὴ ὡς ἐπὶ διαβολῇ καὶ ὀνειδισμῷ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ λεγόμενον, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἀναγκαίου ἕνεκα: ὅτι τὸ μὲν Ἀλβανῶν γένος οἷον ἦν ἐπὶ τῶν κτισάντων τὴν πόλιν, τοιοῦτον ἕως τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνων διαμένει, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι τις ἐπιδεῖξαι φῦλον ἀνθρώπων οὐδὲν ἔξω τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ Λατίνων, ᾧ τῆς πολιτείας μεταδεδώκαμεν: ὑμεῖς δὲ τὴν [p. 288] ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῖς πολιτεύματος διεφθάρκατε Τυρρηνούς τε ὑποδεξάμενοι καὶ Σαβίνους καὶ ἄλλους τινὰς ἀνεστίους καὶ πλάνητας καὶ βαρβάρους πάνυ πολλούς, ὥστε ὀλίγον τὸ γνήσιον ὑμῶν ἐστιν ὅσον ἀφ᾽ ἡμῶν ὡρμήθη, μᾶλλον δὲ πολλοστὸν τοῦ

  [4] This, then, is one argument we offer in support of our claim, in virtue of which we will never willingly yield the command to you. Another argument — and do not take this as said by way of censure or reproach of you Romans, but only from necessity — is the fact that the Alban race has to this day continued the same that it was under the founders of the city, and one cannot point to any race of mankind, except the Greeks and Latins, to whom we have granted citizenship; whereas you have corrupted the purity of your body politic by admitting Tyrrhenians, Sabines, and some others who were homeless, vagabonds and barbarians, and that in great numbers too, so that the true-born element among you that went out from our midst is become small, or rather a tiny fraction, in comparison with those who have been brought in and are of alien race.

  [5] ἐπεισάκτου τε καὶ ἀλλοφύλου. εἰ δὲ ἡμεῖς παραχωρήσαιμεν ὑμῖν τῆς ἀρχῆς, τὸ νόθον ἄρξει τοῦ γνησίου καὶ τὸ βάρβαρον τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ καὶ τὸ ἐπείσακτον τοῦ αὐθιγενοῦς. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν τοῦτο ἔχοιτε εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τὸν μὲν ἔπηλυν ὄχλον οὐδενὸς εἰάκατε εἶναι
τῶν κοινῶν κύριον, ἄρχετε δ᾽ αὐτοὶ τῆς πόλεως καὶ βουλεύετε οἱ αὐθιγενεῖς: ἀλλὰ καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀποδείκνυτε ξένους, καὶ τῆς βουλῆς τὸ πλεῖστον ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ἐπηλύδων, ὧν οὐδὲν ἂν φήσαιτε ἑκόντες ὑπομένειν. τίς γὰρ ἑκουσίως ἄρχεται τῶν κρειττόνων ὑπὸ τοῦ χείρονος; πολλὴ δὴ μωρία καὶ κακότης, ἃ δι᾽ ἀνάγκην φαίητ᾽ ἂν ὑμεῖς ὑπομένειν,

  [5] And if we should yield the command to you, the base-born will rule over the true-born, barbarians over Greeks, and immigrants over the native-born. For you cannot even say this much for yourself, that you have not permitted this immigrant mob to gain any control of public affairs but that you native-born citizens are yourselves the rulers and councillors of the commonwealth. Why, even for your kings you choose outsiders, and the greatest part of your senate consists of these newcomers; and to none of these conditions can you assert that you submit willingly. For what man of superior rank willingly allows himself to be ruled by an inferior? It would be great folly and baseness, therefore, on our part to accept willingly those evils which you must own you submit to through necessity.

  [6] ταῦτα ἡμᾶς ἑκόντας δέχεσθαι. τελευταῖός μοι λόγος ἐστίν, ὅτι τῆς Ἀλβανῶν πόλεως οὐθὲν ἔτι παρακινεῖ μέρος τοῦ πολιτεύματος ὀκτωκαιδεκάτην ἤδη γενεὰν οἰκουμένης καὶ πάντα ἐν κόσμῳ τὰ συνήθη καὶ πάτρια ἐπιτελούσης, ἡ δ᾽ ὑμετέρα πόλις ἀδιακόσμητός ἐστιν ἔτι καὶ ἀδιάτακτος, ἅτε νεόκτιστος οὖσα καὶ ἐκ πολλῶν συμφορητὸς ἐθνῶν, ᾗ μακρῶν δεῖ χρόνων καὶ παθημάτων παντοδαπῶν, ἵνα καταρτισθῇ καὶ παύσηται ταραττομένη καὶ στασιάζουσα [p. 289] ὥσπερ νῦν. ἅπαντες δ᾽ ἂν εἴποιεν ὅτι δεῖ τὰ καθεστηκότα τῶν ταραττομένων καὶ τὰ πεπειραμένα τῶν ἀδοκιμάστων καὶ τὰ ὑγιαίνοντα τῶν νοσούντων ἄρχειν: οἷς ὑμεῖς τἀναντία ἀξιοῦντες οὐκ ὀρθῶς ποιεῖτε.

  [6] My last argument is this: The city of Alba has so far made no alteration in any part of its constitution, though it is already the eighteenth generation that it has been inhabited, but continues to observe in due form all its customs and traditions; whereas your city is still without order and discipline, due to its being newly founded and a conglomeration of many races, and it will require long ages and manifold turns of fortune in order to be regulated and freed from those troubles and dissensions with which it is now agitated. But all will agree that order ought to rule over confusion, experience over inexperience, and health over sickness; and you do wrong in demanding the reverse.”

  [1] τοιαῦτα τοῦ Φουφεττίου λέξαντος παραλαβὼν ὁ Τύλλος τὸν λόγον εἶπε: τὸ μὲν ἐκ φύσεως καὶ προγόνων ἀρετῆς δίκαιον, ὦ Φουφέττιε καὶ ὑμεῖς ἄνδρες Ἀλβανοί, κοινὸν ἀμφοτέροις ἡμῖν: τοὺς αὐτοὺς γὰρ εὐχόμεθα προγόνους ἑκάτεροι, ὥστε οὐδὲν δεῖ τούτου χάριν οὔτε πλέον ἡμῶν ἔχειν τοὺς ἑτέρους οὔτ᾽ ἔλαττον. τὸ δὲ ἄρχειν ἐκ παντὸς τῶν ἀποικιῶν τὰς μητροπόλεις ὡς ἀναγκαῖόν τι φύσεως νόμιμον οὔτε ἀληθὲς οὔτε δίκαιον ἠξιοῦτο ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν:

  [11] After Fufetius had thus spoken, Tullius answered and said:

  “The right which is derived from Nature and the virtue of one’s ancestors, Fufetius and ye men of Alba, is common to us both; for we both boast the same ancestors, so that on this score neither of use ought to have any advantage or suffer any disadvantage. But as to your claim that by a kind of necessary law of Nature mother-cities should invariably rule over their colonies, it is neither true nor just.

  [2] πολλά γέ τοι φῦλά ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων, παρ᾽ οἷς αἱ μητροπόλεις οὐκ ἄρχουσιν ἀλλ᾽ ὑποτάττονται ταῖς ἀποικίαις. μέγιστον δὲ καὶ φανερώτατον τοῦ λόγου τοῦδε παράδειγμα ἡ Σπαρτιατῶν πόλις οὐ τῶν ἄλλων μόνον ἄρχειν ἀξιοῦσα Ἑλλήνων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ Δωρικοῦ γένους ὅθεν ἀπῳκίσθη. καὶ τί δεῖ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων λέγειν; αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς οἱ τὴν ἡμετέραν πόλιν ἀποικίσαντες Λαουϊνιατῶν ἐστε ἄποικοι.

  [2] Indeed, there are many races of mankind among which the mother-cities do not rule over their colonies but are subject to them. The greatest and the most conspicuous instance of this is the Spartan state, which claims the right not only to rule over the other Greeks but even over the Doric nation, of which she is a colony. But why should I mention the others? For you who colonized our city are yourself a colony of the Lavinians.

  [3] εἰ δὴ φύσεώς ἐστι νόμος ἄρχειν τῆς ἀποικίας τὴν μητρόπολιν, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν ἀμφοτέροις ἡμῖν Λαουϊνιᾶται τὰ δίκαια τάττοντες; πρὸς μὲν δὴ τὸ πρῶτον ὑμῶν δικαίωμα καὶ πλείστην ἔχον εὐπροσωπίαν [p. 290] ταῦθ᾽ ἱκανά: ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ τοὺς βίους τῶν πόλεων ἀντιπαρεξετάζειν ἀλλήλοις ἐπεχείρεις, ὦ Φουφέττιε, λέγων ὅτι τὸ μὲν Ἀλβανῶν εὐγενὲς ὅμοιον ἀεὶ διαμένει, τὸ δ᾽ ἡμέτερον ἐξέφθαρται ταῖς ἐπιμιξίαις τοῦ ἀλλοφύλου, καὶ οὐκ ἠξίους ἄρχειν τῶν γνησίων τοὺς νόθους οὐδὲ τῶν αὐθιγενῶν τοὺς ἐπήλυδας, μάθε καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο ἁμαρτάνων μάλιστα τὸ δικαίωμα.

  [3] If, therefore, it is a law of Nature that the mother-city should rule over its colony, would not the Lavinians be the first to issue their just orders to both of us? To your first claim, then, and the one which carries with it the most specious appearance, this is a sufficient answer. But since you also undertook to compare the ways of life of the two cities, Fufetius, asserting that the nobility of the Albans has always remained the same while ours has been ‘corrupted’ by the various admixtures of foreigners, and demanded that the base-born should not rule over the well-born nor newcomers over the native-born, know, then, that in making this claim, too, you are greatly mistaken.

  [4] ἡμεῖς γὰρ τοσούτου δέομεν αἰσχύνεσθαι κοινὴν ἀναδείξαντες τὴν πόλιν τοῖς βουλομένοις, ὥστε καὶ σεμνυνόμεθα ἐπὶ τούτῳ μάλιστα τῷ ἔργῳ, οὐκ αὐτοὶ τοῦ ζήλου τοῦδε ἄρξαντες, παρὰ δὲ τῆς Ἀθηναίων πόλεως τὸ παράδειγμα λαβόντες, ἧς μέγιστον κλέος ἐν Ἕλλησίν ἐστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐχ ἥκιστα εἰ μὴ καὶ

  [4] For we are so far from being ashamed of having made the privileges of our city free to all who desired them that we even take the greatest pride in this course; moreover, we are not the originators of this admirable practice, but took the example from the city of Athens, which enjoys the greatest reputation among the Greeks, due in no small measure, if indeed not chiefly, to this very policy.

  [5] μάλιστα τὸ πολίτευμα. καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἡμῖν πολλῶν γενόμενον ἀγαθῶν αἴ�
�ιον οὔτ᾽ ἐπίμεμψιν οὔτε μεταμέλειαν ὡς ἡμαρτηκόσι φέρει, ἄρχει τε καὶ βουλεύει καὶ τὰς ἄλλας τιμὰς καρποῦται παρ᾽ ἡμῖν οὐχ ὁ πολλὰ χρήματα κεκτημένος οὐδὲ ὁ πολλοὺς πατέρας ἐπιχωρίους ἐπιδεῖξαι δυνάμενος, ἀλλ᾽ ὅστις ἂν ᾖ τούτων τῶν τιμῶν ἄξιος. οὐ γὰρ ἐν ἄλλῳ τινὶ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην εὐγένειαν ὑπάρχειν νομίζομεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐν ἀρετῇ. ὁ δὲ ἄλλος ὄχλος σῶμα τῆς πόλεώς ἐστιν ἰσχὺν καὶ δύναμιν τοῖς βουλευθεῖσιν ὑπὸ τῶν κρατίστων παρεχόμενος. μεγάλη τε ἡμῶν ἡ πόλις ἐκ μικρᾶς καὶ φοβερὰ τοῖς περιοίκοις ἐξ εὐκαταφρονήτου διὰ ταύτην τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν γέγονε, τῆς τε ἡγεμονίας, [p. 291] ὑπὲρ ἧς τῶν ἄλλων Λατίνων οὐδεὶς ἀντιποιεῖται πρὸς ἡμᾶς, τοῦτο Ῥωμαίοις τὸ πολίτευμα ἦρξεν οὗ

  [5] And this principle, which has been to us the source of many advantages, affords us no ground either for complaint or regret, as if we had committed some error. Our chief magistracies and membership in the senate are held and the other honours among us are enjoyed, not by men possessed of great fortunes, nor by those who can show a long line of ancestors all natives of the country, but by such as are worthy of these honours; for we look upon the nobility of men as consisting in nothing else than in virtue. The rest of the populace are the body of the commonwealth, contributing strength and power to the decisions of the best men. It is owing to this humane policy that our city, from a small and contemptible beginning, is become large and formidable to its neighbours, and it is this policy which you condemn, Fufetius, that his laid for trains the foundation of that supremacy which none of the other Latins disputes with us.