Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [5] Φιδήνης κατεστρατοπέδευσεν. εὑρὼν δὲ πρὸ τῆς πόλεως στρατιὰν ἐκτεταγμένην πολλὴν αὐτῶν τε Φιδηναίων καὶ τῶν συμμαχούντων αὐτοῖς ἐκείνην μὲν τὴν ἡμέραν ἡσυχίαν ἔσχε, τῇ δ᾽ ἑξῆς Φουφέττιόν τε μεταπεμψάμενος τὸν Ἀλβανὸν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων φίλων τοὺς ἀναγκαιοτάτους ἐσκόπει μετ᾽ ἐκείνων τίνα χρηστέον εἴη τῷ πολέμῳ τρόπον, καὶ ἐπειδὴ πᾶσιν ἔδοξε μάχην τίθεσθαι διαταχέων καὶ μὴ τρίβειν τὸν χρόνον, χώραν καὶ τάξιν, ἣν ἕκαστος ἔμελλεν ἕξειν, προειπὼν ἡμέραν τε ὁρίσας τῆς μάχης τὴν κατόπιν διέλυσε τὸν σύλλογον.

  [5] Tullus, as soon as he had got ready his own army as well as that of his allies, marched against the enemy and after crossing the river Anio encamped near Fidenae. And finding a considerable army both of the Fidenates and of their allies drawn up before the city, he lay quiet that day; but on the next he sent for Fufetius, the Alban, and the closest of his other friends and took counsel with them concerning the best method of conducting the war. And when all were in favour of engaging promptly and not wasting time, he assigned them their several posts and commands, and having fixed the next day for the battle, he dismissed the council.

  [6] ὁ δὲ Ἀλβανὸς Φουφέττιος ῾ἦν γὰρ δὴ ἔτι ἄδηλος καὶ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ φίλων πολλοῖς προδοσίαν μηχανώμενοσ᾽ συγκαλέσας τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους Ἀλβανῶν λοχαγοὺς καὶ ταξιάρχους λέγει πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοιάδε: ἄνδρες ταξίαρχοι καὶ λοχαγοί, πράγματα μέλλω ἐς ὑμᾶς μεγάλα καὶ ἀπροσδόκητα ἐκφέρειν, ἃ τέως ἔκρυπτον, ἱκετεύω δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀπόρρητα ποιήσασθαι, εἰ μή με διεργάσεσθε, καὶ ἐὰν δόξῃ συνοίσειν ἐπιτελῆ γενόμενα συλλαβέσθαι μοι αὐτῶν. πολλὰ μὲν οὖν λέγειν ὁ καιρὰς οὐκ ἐπιτρέπει βραχὺς ὤν, αὐτὰ δὲ τὰ ἀναγκαιότατα ἐρῶ.

  [6] In the meantime Fufetius, the Alban — for his treachery was still a secret to many even of his own friends — calling together the most prominent centurions and tribunes among the Albans, addressed them as follows:

  “Tribunes and centurions, I am going to disclose to you important and unexpected things which I have hitherto been concealing; and I beg of you to keep them secret if you do not wish to ruin me, and to assist me in carrying them out if you think their realization will be advantageous. The present occasion does not permit of many words, as the time is short; so I shall mention only the most essential matters.

  [7] ἐγὼ πάντα τὸν μεταξὺ χρόνον ἐξ οὗ Ῥωμαίοις [p. 317] ὑπετάχθημεν ἕως τῆς2δε τῆς ἡμέρας αἰσχύνης μεστὸν καὶ ὀδύνης ἔχων τὸν βίον διατετέλεκα καίτοι τιμηθείς γε ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως αὐτῶν τῇ αὐτοκράτορι ἀρχῇ, ἣν τρίτον ἔτος ἤδη τοῦτο ἔχω καὶ εἰ βουλοίμην μέχρι παντὸς ἕξω. ἀλλὰ πάντων ἡγούμενος εἶναι κακῶν ἔσχατον ἐν οὐκ εὐτυχοῦσι τοῖς κοινοῖς μόνος εὐτυχεῖν, ἐνθυμούμενος δὲ ὅτι παρὰ πάντα τὰ νενομισμένα παρ᾽ ἀνθρώποις ὅσια τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἀφῃρέθημεν, ἐσκόπουν ὅπως ἂν αὐτὴν ἀνακομισαίμεθα μηδεμιᾶς πειραθέντες μεγάλης συμφορᾶς: πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ παντοδαποὺς λογισμοὺς λαμβάνων μίαν εὕρισκον ὁδὸν ἄγουσαν ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα ῥᾴστην τε καὶ ἀκινδυνοτάτην, εἴ τις αὐτοῖς ἀνασταίη πόλεμος ἐκ τῶν πλησιοχώρων πόλεων.

  [7] I, from the time we were subordinated to the Romans up to this day, have led a life full of shame and grief, though honoured by the king with the supreme command, which I am now holding for the third year and may, if I should so desire, hold as long as I live. But regarding it as the greatest of all evils to be the only fortunate man in a time of public misfortune, and taking it to heart that, contrary to all the rights mankind look upon as sacred, we have been deprived by the Romans of our supremacy, I took thought how we might recover it without experiencing any great disaster. And although I considered many plans of every sort, the only way I could discover that promised success, and at the same time the easiest and the least dangerous one, was in hand a war should be started against them by the neighbouring states.

  [8] εἰς γὰρ τοῦτον ὑπελάμβανον αὐτοὺς καθισταμένους συμμάχων δεήσεσθαι καὶ πρώτων γε ἡμῶν. τὸ δὴ μετὰ τοῦτο οὐ πολλῆς ὑπελάμβανον ὑμῖν διδαχῆς δεήσειν, ὅτι κάλλιόν τε καὶ δικαιότερον περὶ τῆς ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἐλευθερίας μᾶλλον ἢ περὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίας ποιήσασθαι τὸν ἀγῶνα.

  [8] For I assumed that when confronted by such a war they would have need of allies and particularly of us. As to the next step, I assumed that it would not require much argument to convince you that it is more glorious as well as more fitting to fight for our liberty than for the supremacy of the Romans.

  [9] ταῦτα διανοηθεὶς ὑπενόμενσα Ῥωμαίοις πόλεμον ἐκ τῶν ὑπηκόων Οὐιεντανοὺς καὶ Φιδηναίους πείσας ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα χωρεῖν, ὡς συλληψόμενος αὐτοῖς τοῦ πολέμου. καὶ μέχρι τούτου λέληθα Ῥωμαίους ταῦτα πράττων καὶ ταμιευόμενος ἐμαυτῷ τὸν τῆς ἐπιθέσεως καιρόν: ἐν ᾧ σκέψασθε ὅσα ὠφεληθησόμεθα.

  [9] “With these thoughts in mind I secretly stirred up a war against the Romans on the part of their subjects, encouraging the Veientes and Fidenates to take up arms by a promise of my assistance in the war. And thus far I have escaped the Romans’ notice as I contrived these things and kept in my own hands the opportune moment for the attack. Just consider now the many advantages we shall derive from this course.

  [10] πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ ἐν φανερῷ βουλεύσαντες [p. 318] ἀπόστασιν, ἐν ᾧ κίνδυνος ἦν καθ᾽ ἑκάτερον ἢ ἀπαρασκεύους ἐπειχθέντας καὶ τῇ οἰκείᾳ δυνάμει μόνῃ πιστεύσαντας τὸν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ἀναρρῖψαι κύβον, ἢ παρασκευαζομένους καὶ βοηθείας ἐγείραντας ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν παρασκευῇ ὄντων προκαταληφθῆναι, οὐδετέρου τῶν χαλεπῶν τούτων πειραθέντες τὸ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων χρήσιμον ἕξομεν. ἔπειτα πολλὴν καὶ δυσπολέμητον οὖσαν τὴν τῶν ἀντιπάλων ἰσχὺν καὶ τύχην οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ βιαίου τρόπου πειρασόμεθα καθαιρεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ οἷς ἁλίσκεται πάντα τὰ ὑπέραυχα καὶ μὴ ῥᾴδια τῷ βιαίῳ καθαιρεθῆναι, δόλῳ καὶ ἀπάτῃ, οὔτε πρῶτοι ἄρξαντες αὐτῶν οὔτε μόνοι.

  [10] First, by not having openly planned a revolt, in which there would have been a double danger — either of being hurried or unprepared and of putting everything to the hazard while trusting to our own strength only, or, while we were making preparations and gathering assistance, of b
eing forestalled by an enemy already prepared — we shall now experience neither of these difficulties but shall enjoy the advantage of both. In the next place, we shall not be attempting to destroy the great and formidable power and good fortune of our adversaries by force, but rather by those means by which every thing that is overbearing and not easy to be subdued by force is taken, namely, by guile and deceit; and we shall be neither the first nor the only people who have resorted to these means.

  [11] πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οὐκ ἀξιομάχῳ οὔσῃ τῇ οἰκείᾳ δυνάμει πρὸς ἅπασαν τὴν Ῥωμαίων τε καὶ τῶν συμμάχων ἰσχὺν ἀντιταχθῆναι Φιδηναίων τε καὶ Οὐιεντανῶν τοσαύτην οὖσαν ὅσην ὁρᾶτε προσειλήφαμέν τε, καὶ ὡς ἂν μάλιστα θάρσος τινὶ συμμαχίας βεβαίου τὸ ἐπικουρικὸν παράσχοι προσγενόμενον οὕτω παρεσκεύασταί μοι.

  [11] Besides, as our own force is not strong enough to be arrayed against the whole power of the Romans and their allies, we have also added the forces of the Fidenates and the Veientes, whose great numbers you see before you; and I have taken the following precautions that these auxiliaries who have been added to our numbers may with all confidence be depended on to adhere to our alliance.

  [12] οὐ γὰρ ἐν τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ γῇ Φιδηναῖοι τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀράμενοι, τῆς δὲ αὑτῶν προκινδυνεύοντες ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν φυλάξουσιν. ὃ δὲ πάντων μέν ἐστιν ἥδιστον ἀνθρώποις, σπανίως δέ τισιν ἐκ τοῦ παρελθόντος αἰῶνος ἐξεγένετο, καὶ τοῦθ᾽ ἡμῖν ὑπάρξει: εὖ πάσχοντες ὑπὸ τῶν συμμάχων εὖ δρᾶν ἐκείνους αὐτοὶ δόξομεν. [p. 319]

  [12] For it will not be in our territory that the Fidenates will be fighting, but while they are defending their own country they will at the same time be protecting ours. Then, too, we shall have this advantage, which men look upon as the most gratifying of all and which has fallen to the lot of but few in times past, namely, that, while receiving a benefit from our allies, we shall ourselves be thought to be conferring one upon them.

  [13] καὶ ἐὰν ἡμῖν κατὰ νοῦν χωρήσῃ τὸ ἔργον, ὥσπερ τὸ εἰκὸς ἔχει, Φιδηναῖοί τε καὶ Οὐιεντανοὶ βαρείας ἀπαλλάξαντες ἡμᾶς ὑποταγῆς ὡς ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν τοῦτο πεπονθότες αὐτοὶ χάριν ἡμῖν εἴσονται. ταῦτα μέν ἐστιν ἃ διὰ πολλῆς φροντίδος παρασκευασθέντα ἱκανὰ εἶναι δοκεῖ μοι θάρσος τε καὶ προθυμίαν τῆς ἀποστάσεως ὑμῖν παρασχεῖν.

  [13] And if this enterprise turns out according to our wish, as is reasonable to expect, the Fidenates and the Veientes, in delivering us from a grievous subjection, will feel grateful to us, as if it were they themselves who had received this favour at our hands.

  “These are the preparations which I have made after much thought and which I regard as sufficient to inspire you with the courage and zeal to revolt.

  [14] ὃν δὲ τρόπον ἐπιχειρεῖν τῷ ἔργῳ βεβούλευμαι, τοῦτ᾽ ἀκούσατέ μου: τάξιν μὲν ἀποδέδωκέ μοι Τύλλος τὴν ὑπὸ τῷ ὄρει καὶ κελεύει με θατέρου τῶν κεράτων ἄρχειν, ὅταν δὲ μέλλωμεν ὁμόσε τοῖς πολεμίοις χωρεῖν, ἄρξω μὲν ἐγὼ λύσας τὴν τάξιν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος ἄγειν, ἀκολουθήσετε δέ μοι ὑμεῖς συντεταγμένους ἄγοντες τοὺς λόχους. ἁψάμενος δὲ τῶν ἄκρων καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ γενόμενος τίνα χρήσομαι τρόπον τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα πράγμασιν ἀκούσατέ μου:

  [14] Now hear from me the manner in which I have planned to carry out the undertaking. Tullus has assigned me my post under the hill and has given me the command of one of the wings. When we are about to engage the enemy, I will break ranks and begin to lead up the hill; and you will then follow me with your companies in their proper order. When I have gained the top of the hill and am securely posted, hear in what manner I shall handle the situation after that.

  [15] ἐὰν μὲν ὁρῶ κατὰ γνώμην ἃ διαλογίζομαι χωροῦντά μοι καὶ θρασεῖς μὲν γεγονότας τοὺς πολεμίους, ὡς ἡμῶν αὐτοῖς συλλαμβανόντων, ταπεινοὺς δὲ καὶ περιφόβους Ῥωμαίους, ὡς προδεδομένους ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν, φυγῆς τε μᾶλλον ἢ ἀλκῆς προνοουμένους, ὅπερ εἰκός, ἐπιθήσομαι αὐτοῖς καὶ μεστὸν ποιήσω νεκρῶν τὸ πεδίον ἐξ ὑπερδεξίου τε κατιὼν ἐπὶ τὸ πρανὲς θαρρούσῃ τε καὶ συντεταγμένῃ δυνάμει πρὸς ἐπτοημένους ἀνθρώπους προσφερόμενος καὶ σποράδας.

  [15] If I find my plans turning out according to my wish, that is, if I see that the enemy has become emboldened through confidence in our assistance, and the Romans disheartened and terrified, in the belief that they have been betrayed by us, and contemplating, as they likely will, flight rather than fight, I will fall upon them and cover the field with the bodies of the slain, since I shall be rushing down hill from higher ground and shall be attacking with a courageous and orderly force men who are frightened and dispersed.

  [16] δεινὴ δ᾽ ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις καὶ ἡ διὰ κενῆς ἐμπίπτουσα προδοσίας συμμάχων ἢ πολεμίων ἄλλων ἐφόδου δόκησις, [p. 320] καὶ πολλὰ ἤδη στρατεύματα μεγάλα ὑπ᾽ οὐδενὸς οὕτως ἑτέρου φοβεροῦ παθήματος ὡς ὑπὸ δόξης κενῆς ἴσμεν πανώλεθρα διαφθαρέντα. τὸ δ᾽ ἡμέτερον οὐ λόγος ἔσται κενὸς οὐδ᾽ ἀφανὲς δεῖμα, ἀλλ᾽ ἔργον ἁπάσης ὄψεως καὶ πείρας φοβερώτερον.

  [16] For a terrible thing in warfare is the sudden impression, even though ill-grounded, of the treachery of allies or of an attack by fresh enemies, and we know that many great armies in the past have been utterly destroyed by no other kind of terror so much as by an impression for which there was no ground. But in our case it will be no vain report, no unseen terror, but a deed more dreadful than anything ever seen or experienced.

  [17] ἐὰν δ᾽ ἄρα τἀναντία τῶν λελογισμένων γινόμενα ὁρῶ ῾λεγέσθω γὰρ καὶ τὰ παρὰ τὰς ἀνθρωπίνας δόξας εἰωθότα ἀπαντᾶν, ἐπειδὴ πολλὰ καὶ τὰ μὴ εἰκότα οἱ βίοι φέρουσἰ τἀναντία καὶ αὐτὸς ὧν προὐθέμην ἐπιχειρήσω ποιεῖν. ἄξω γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἅμα Ῥωμαίοις καὶ συλλήψομαι αὐτοῖς τῆς νίκης τήν τε κατάληψιν τῶν ὑψηλῶν πεποιῆσθαι σκήψομαι τῆς κυκλώσεως τῶν ἀντιτεταγμένων ἕνεκα. γενήσεται δέ μου πιστὸς ὁ λόγος ἔργα ὁμολογούμενα τῇ σκήψει παρεσχημένου, ὥσθ᾽ ἡμᾶς τῶν μὲν δεινῶν μηδετέροις κοινωνῆσαι, τῆς δ᾽ ἀμείνονος τύχης παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων μεταλαβεῖν.

  [17] If, however, I find that the contrary of my calculations is in fact coming to pass (for mention must be made also of those things which are wont to happen contrary to human expectations, since our lives bring us many improbable experiences as well), I too shall then ende
avour to do the contrary of what I have just proposed. For I shall lead you against the enemy in conjunction with the Romans and shall share with them the victory, pretending that I occupied the heights with the intention of surrounding the foes drawn up against me; and my claim will seem credible, since I shall have made my actions agree with my explanation. Thus, without sharing in the dangers of either side, we shall have a part in the good fortune of both.

  [18] ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἔγνωκά τε καὶ δράσω σὺν θεοῖς κράτιστα ὄντα οὐ μόνον Ἀλβανοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις Λατίνοις, ὑμᾶς δὲ χρὴ σιγὴν μὲν πρῶτον φυλάττοντας, ἔπειτα κόσμον τε σώζοντας καὶ τοῖς παραγγελλομένοις ὀξέως ὑπηρετοῦντας προθύμους ἀγωνιστὰς γίνεσθαι καὶ τοὺς ὑφ᾽ αὑτοῖς προθύμους παρέχειν, ἐνθυμουμένους ὅτι οὐχ ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἡμῖν τε καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις ὁ περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας [p. 321] ἀγών, οἷς2τισιν ἐν ἔθει καθέστηκεν ἄρχεσθαι ὑφ᾽ ἑτέρων καὶ ὅσοις τοιαύτην πολιτείαν οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν.

  [18] “I, then, have determined upon these measures, and with the assistance of the gods I shall carry them out, as being the most advantageous, not only to the Albans, but also to the rest of the Latins. It is your part, in the first place, to observe secrecy, and next, to maintain good order, to obey promptly the orders you shall receive, to fight zealously yourselves and to infuse the same zeal into those who are under your command, remembering that we are not contending for liberty upon the same terms as other people, who have been accustomed to obey others and who have received that form of government from their ancestors.