[3] There was a certain Corinthian, Demaratus by name, of the family of the Bacchiadae, who, having chosen to engage in commerce, sailed to Italy in a ship of his own with his own cargo; and having sold the cargo in the Tyrrhenian cities, which were at the time the most flourishing in all Italy, and gained great profit thereby, he no longer desired to put into any other ports, but continued to ply the same sea, carrying a Greek cargo to the Tyrrhenians and a Tyrrhenian cargo to Greece, by which means he became possessed of great wealth.
[4] ἐπικαταλαβούσης δὲ στάσεως τὴν Κόρινθον καὶ τῆς Κυψέλου τυραννίδος ἐπανισταμένης τοῖς Βακχιάδαις οὐκ ἀσφαλὲς εἶναι δοκῶν ἐν τυραννίδι ζῆν πολλὰ κεκτημένος ἄλλως τε καὶ τῆς ὀλιγαρχικῆς οἰκίας ὑπάρχων, συνεσκευασμένος τὴν οὐσίαν ὅσην οἷός τ᾽
[4] But when Corinth fell a prey to sedition and the tyranny of Cypselus was rising in revolt against the Bacchiadae, Demaratus thought it was not safe for him to live under a tyranny with his great riches, particularly as he was of the oligarchic family; and accordingly, getting together all of his substance that he could, he sailed away from Corinth.
[5] ἦν ᾤχετο πλέων ἐκ τῆς Κορίνθου. ἔχων δὲ φίλους πολλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς Τυρρηνῶν διὰ τὰς συνεχεῖς ἐπιμιξίας, μάλιστα δ᾽ ἐν Ταρκυνίοις πόλει μεγάλῃ τε καὶ εὐδαίμονι τότε οὔσῃ, οἶκόν τε αὐτόθι κατασκευάζεται καὶ γυναῖκα ἐπιφανῆ κατὰ γένος ἄγεται. γενομένων δ᾽ αὐτῷ δυεῖν παίδων Τυρρηνικὰ θέμενος [p. 362] αὐτοῖς ὀνόματα, τῷ μὲν Ἄρροντα, τῷ δὲ Λοκόμωνα καὶ παιδεύσας ἀμφοτέρους Ἑλληνικήν τε καὶ Τυρρηνικὴν παιδείαν, εἰς ἄνδρας ἐλθοῦσιν αὐτοῖς γυναῖκας ἐκ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων οἴκων λαμβάνει.
[5] And having from his continual intercourse with the Tyrrhenians many good friends among them, particularly at Tarquinii, which was a large and flourishing city at that time, he built a house there and married a woman of illustrious birth. By her he had two sons, to whom he gave Tyrrhenian names, calling one Arruns and the other Lucumo; and having instructed them in both the Greek and Tyrrhenian learning, he married them, when they were grown, to two women of the most distinguished families.
[1] καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ὁ μὲν πρεσβύτερος αὐτοῦ τῶν παίδων γένος οὐδὲν καταλιπὼν ἐμφανὲς ἀποθνήσκει. καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγας ἡμέρας αὐτὸς ὁ Δημάρατος ὑπὸ λύπης τελευτᾷ κληρονόμον ἁπάσης τῆς οὐσίας τὸν περιλειπόμενον τῶν παίδων Λοκόμωνα καταλιπών: ὃς παραλαβὼν τὸν πατρικὸν πλοῦτον μέγαν ὄντα πολιτεύεσθαί τε καὶ τὰ κοινὰ πράττειν καὶ ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις τῶν ἀστῶν εἶναι προῄρητο.
[47.1] Not long afterward the elder of his sons died without acknowledged issue, and a few days later Demaratus himself died of grief, leaving his surviving son Lucumo heir to his entire fortune. Lucumo, having thus inherited the great wealth of his father, had aspired to public life and a part in the administration of the commonwealth and to be one of its foremost citizens.
[2] ἀπελαυνόμενος δὲ πανταχόθεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων καὶ οὐχ ὅπως ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις ἀριθμούμενος, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐν τοῖς μέσοις, ἀνιαρῶς ἔφερε τὴν ἀτιμίαν. ἀκούων δὲ περὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων πόλεως, ὅτι πάντας ἀσμένως ὑποδεχομένη τοὺς ξένους ἀστοὺς ποιεῖται καὶ τιμᾷ κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἕκαστον, ἐκεῖ μετενέγκασθαι τὴν οἴκησιν ἔγνω τά τε χρήματα πάντα συσκευασάμενος καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα ἐπαγόμενος καὶ τῶν ἄλλων φίλων καὶ οἰκείων τοὺς βουλομένους: ἐγένοντο δὲ οἱ συναπαίρειν αὐτῷ προθυμηθέντες συχνοί.
[2] But being repulsed on every side by the native-born citizens and excluded, not only from the first, but even from the middle rank, he resented his disfranchisement. And hearing that the Romans gladly received all strangers and made them citizens, he resolved to get together all his riches and remove thither, taking with him his wife and such of his friends and household as wished to go along; and those who were eager to depart with him were many.
[3] ὡς δὲ κατὰ τὸ καλούμενον Ἰανίκολον ἦσαν, ὅθεν ἡ Ῥώμη τοῖς ἀπὸ Τυρρηνίας ἐρχομένοις πρῶτον ἀφορᾶται, καταπτὰς ἀετὸς ἄφνω καὶ τὸν πῖλον αὐτοῦ τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς κείμενον ἁρπάσας, ἀνέπτη πάλιν ἄνω κατὰ [p. 363] τὴν ἐγκύκλιον αἰώραν φερόμενος καὶ εἰς τὸ βάθος τοῦ περιέχοντος ἀέρος ἀπέκρυψεν: ἔπειτ᾽ ἐξαίφνης ἐπιτίθησι τῷ Λοκόμωνι τὸν πῖλον ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἁρμόσας ὡς πρότερον ἥρμοστο.
[3] When they were come to the hill called Janiculum, from which Rome is first discerned by those who come from Tyrrhenia, an eagle, descending on a sudden, snatched his cap from his head and flew up again with it, and rising in a circular flight, hid himself in the depths of the circumambient air, then of a sudden replaced the cap on his head, fitting it on as it had been before.
[4] θαυμαστοῦ δὲ καὶ παραδόξου πᾶσι τοῦ σημείου φανέντος ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ Λοκόμωνος ὄνομα Τανακύλλα ἐμπειρίαν ἱκανὴν ἐκ πατέρων ἔχουσα τῆς Τυρρηνικῆς οἰωνοσκοπίας, λαβοῦσα μόνον αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν συνόντων ἠσπάσατό τε καὶ ἀγαθῶν ἐλπίδων ἐνέπλησεν ὡς ἐξ ἰδιωτικῆς τύχης εἰς ἐξουσίαν βασιλικὴν ἐλευσόμενον. σκοπεῖν μέντοι συνεβούλευεν ὅπως παρ᾽ ἑκόντων λήψεται Ῥωμαίων τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἄξιον τῆς τιμῆς ταύτης ἑαυτὸν παρασχών.
[4] This prodigy appearing wonderful and extraordinary to them all, the wife of Lucumo, Tanaquil by name, who had a good understanding standing, through her ancestors, of the Tyrrhenians’ augural science, took him aside from the others and, embracing him, filled him with great hopes of rising from his private station to the royal power. She advised him, however, to consider by what means he might render himself worthy to receive the sovereignty by the free choice of the Romans.
[1] ὁ δὲ περιχαρὴς τῷ σημείῳ γενόμενος ἐπειδὴ ταῖς πύλαις ἤδη συνήγγιζεν, εὐξάμενος τοῖς θεοῖς ἐπιτελῆ γενέσθαι τὰ μαντεύματα καὶ σὺν ἀγαθαῖς εἰσελθεῖν τύχαις παρῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν: καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο συνελθὼν εἰς λόγους Μαρκίῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ πρῶτον μὲν ἑαυτὸν ἐδήλωσεν ὅστις ἦν, ἔπειθ᾽ ὅτι κατοικεῖν ἐν τῇ πόλει βουλόμενος παρείη πᾶσαν τὴν πατρικὴν οὐσίαν ἐπαγόμενος, ἣν εἰς τὸ κοινὸν ἔφη τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τῇ Ῥωμαίων πόλει τιθέναι μείζονα οὖσαν ἢ κατ᾽ ἰδιώτην ἄνδρα κεκτῆσθαι.
[48.1] Lucumo was overjoyed at this omen, and as he was now appro
aching the gates have besought the gods that the prediction might be fulfilled and that his arrival might be attended with good fortune; then he entered the city. After this, gaining an audience with King Marcius, he first informed him who he was and then told him that, being desirous of settling at Rome, he had brought with him all his paternal fortune, which, as it exceeded the limits suitable for a private citizen, he said he proposed to place at the disposal of the king and of the Roman state for the general good.
[2] ἀσμένως δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως αὐτὸν ὑποδεξαμένου καὶ καταχωρίσαντος ἅμα τοῖς συμπαροῦσιν αὐτῷ Τυρρηνῶν εἰς φυλήν τε καὶ φρατρίαν, οἰκίαν τε κατασκευάζεται [p. 364] τόπον διαλαχὼν τῆς πόλεως τὸν ἀρκοῦντα καὶ γῆς λαμβάνει κλῆρον. ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῦτα διῳκήσατο καὶ τῶν ἀστῶν εἷς ἐγεγόνει, μαθὼν ὅτι Ῥωμαίων ἑκάστῳ κοινόν τ᾽ ὄνομα κεῖται καὶ μετὰ τὸ κοινὸν ἕτερον, ὃ δὴ συγγενικὸν αὐτοῖς ἐστι καὶ πατρωνυμικόν, ἐξομοιοῦσθαι καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς βουλόμενος Λεύκιον μὲν ἀντὶ Λοκόμωνος ἑαυτῷ τίθεται τὸ κοινὸν ὄνομα, Ταρκύνιον δὲ τὸ συγγενικὸν ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως ἐν ᾗ γενέσεώς τε καὶ τροφῆς ἔτυχε:
[2] And having met with a favourable reception from the king, who assigned him and his Tyrrhenian followers to one of the tribes and to one of the curiae, he built a house upon a site in the city which was allotted to him as sufficient for the purpose, and received a portion of land. After he had settled these matters and had become one of the citizens, he was informed that every Roman had a common name and, after the common name, another, derived from his family and ancestors, and wishing to be like them in this respect also, he took the name of Lucius instead of Lucumo as his common name, and that of Tarquinius as his family name, from the city in which he had been born and brought up.
[3] βασιλέως τε φίλος ἐν ὀλίγῳ πάνυ χρόνῳ γίνεται δῶρα διδούς, ὧν αὐτὸν ἐν χρείᾳ μάλιστα γινόμενον ᾐσθάνετο καὶ χρήματα παρέχων εἰς τὰς πολεμικὰς χρείας ὅσων ἐδεῖτο, ἐν δὲ ταῖς στρατείαις ἁπάντων κράτιστα πεζῶν τε καὶ ἱππέων ἀγωνιζόμενος γνώμης τε ὅπου δεήσειεν ἀγαθῆς ἐν τοῖς πάνυ φρονίμοις τῶν συμβούλων ἀριθμούμενος.
[3] In a very short time he gained the friendship of the king by presenting him with those things which he saw he needed most and by supplying him with all the money he required to carry on his wars. On campaigns he fought most bravely of all, whether of the infantry or of the cavalry, and wherever there was need of good judgment he was counted among the shrewdest counsellors.
[4] γενόμενος δὲ παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ τίμιος οὐδὲ τῆς ἄλλων Ῥωμαίων εὐνοίας διήμαρτεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν πατρικίων πολλοὺς ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις ὑπηγάγετο καὶ τὸ δημοτικὸν πλῆθος οἰκείως ἔχειν ἑαυτῷ παρεσκεύασεν εὐπροσηγόροις τε ἀσπασμοῖς καὶ κεχαρισμέναις ὁμιλίαις καὶ χρημάτων μεταδόσει καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις φιλοφροσύναις.
[4] Yet the favour of the king did not deprive him of the goodwill of the rest of the Romans; for he not only won to himself many of the patricians by his kindly services but also gained the affections of the populace by his cordial greetings, his agreeable conversation, his dispensing of money and his friendliness in other ways.
[1] τοιοῦτος μὲν δή τις ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἦν καὶ διὰ ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας ζῶντός τε Μαρκίου πάντων ἐγένετο Ῥωμαίων ἐπιφανέστατος καὶ τελευτήσαντος [p. 365] ἐκείνου τῆς βασιλείας ὑπὸ πάντων ἄξιος ἐκρίθη. ἐπειδὴ δὲ παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχήν, πρῶτον μὲν ἐπολέμησε τοῖς καλουμένοις Ἀπιολανοῖς πόλει τοῦ
[49.1] This was the character of Tarquinius and for these reasons he became during the lifetime of Marcius the most illustrious of all the Romans, and after that king’s death was adjudged by all as worthy of the kingship. When he had succeeded to the sovereignty he first made war upon the people of Apiolae, as it was called, a city of no small note among the Latins.
[2] Λατίνων ἔθνους οὐκ ἀφανεῖ. οἱ γὰρ Ἀπιολανοὶ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι σύμπαντες Λατῖνοι μετὰ τὸν Ἄγκου Μαρκίου θάνατον λελύσθαι τὰς περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης ὁμολογίας οἰόμενοι λῃστείαις τε καὶ προνομαῖς τὴν Ῥωμαίων γῆν ἐπόρθουν: ἀνθ᾽ ὧν τιμωρήσασθαι βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἐξεστράτευσε πολλῇ δυνάμει καὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν τὴν κρατίστην ἐδῄωσεν:
[2] For the Apiolani and all the rest of the Latins, looking upon the treaty of peace as having been terminated after the death of Ancus Marcius, were laying waste the Roman territory by plundering and pillaging. Tarquinius, desiring to take revenge upon them for these injuries, set out with a large force and ravaged the most fruitful part of their country;
[3] ἀφικομένης δ᾽ ἐκ τῶν πλησιοχώρων Λατίνων ἐπικουρίας μεγάλης τοῖς Ἀπιολανοῖς διττὰς τίθεται πρὸς αὐτοὺς μάχας, κρατήσας δ᾽ ἐν ἀμφοτέραις περὶ τὴν πολιορκίαν τῆς πόλεως ἐγίνετο καὶ προσῆγε τοῖς τείχεσι τὰς δυνάμεις ἐκ διαδοχῆς: οἱ δ᾽ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὀλίγοι τε πρὸς πολλοὺς μαχόμενοι καὶ κατ᾽ οὐδένα καιρὸν ἀναπαύσεως τυγχάνοντες ἐξῃρέθησαν σὺν χρόνῳ. ἁλούσης δὲ κατὰ κράτος τῆς πόλεως οἱ μὲν πλείους τῶν Ἀπιολανῶν μαχόμενοι κατεσφάγησαν, ὀλίγοι δὲ τὰ ὅπλα παραδόντες ἅμα τοῖς ἄλλοις λαφύροις ἐπράθησαν, παῖδές τε αὐτῶν καὶ γυναῖκες ἀνδραποδισθέντες ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἀπήχθησαν, καὶ ἡ πόλις διαρπασθεῖσα ἐνεπρήσθη.
[3] then, when important reinforcements came to the Apiolani from their Latin neighbours, he fought two battles with them and, having gained the victory in both, proceeded to besiege the city, causing his troops to assault the walls in relays; and the besieged, being but few contending against many and not having a moment’s respite, were at last subdued. The city being taken by storm, the greater part of the Apiolani were slain fighting, but a few after delivering up their arms were sold together with the rest of the booty; their wives and children were carried away into slavery by the Romans and the city was plundered and burned.
[4] ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ τὸ τεῖχος ἐκ θεμελίων κατασκάψας ἀπῆγε τὴν δύναμιν ἐπ᾽ οἴκου καὶ μετὰ τοῦθ᾽ ἑτέραν στρατιὰν ἦγεν ἐπὶ τὴν Κρουστομερίνων πόλιν. αὕτη δὲ [p. 366] ἀποικία μὲν ἦν Λατίνων, προσεχώρησε δὲ Ῥωμαίοις ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥωμύλου δυναστείας: Ταρκυνίου δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν παραλαβόντος τὰ Λατίνων αὖθις ἤρξατο φρονεῖν. οὐ μὴν ἐδέησέ γε καὶ ταύτην πολιορκίᾳ τε παρασ
τήσασθαι
[4] After the king had done this and had razed the walls to the foundations, he returned home with his army. Soon afterwards he undertook another expedition against the city of the Crustumerians. This was a colony of the Latins and in the reign of Romulus had submitted to the Romans; but after Tarquinius succeeded to the sovereignty it began again to incline on the side of the Latins.
[5] καὶ πόνῳ: μαθόντες γὰρ οἱ Κρουστομερῖνοι τό τε πλῆθος τῆς ἡκούσης ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς δυνάμεως καὶ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀσθένειαν οὐδεμιᾶς αὐτοῖς ἐπικουρίας παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων Λατίνων ἀφικομένης ἀνέῳξαν τὰς πύλας καὶ προελθόντες οἱ πρεσβύτατοι τῶν πολιτῶν καὶ τιμιώτατοι παρέδοσαν αὐτῷ τὴν πόλιν ἀξιοῦντες ἐπιεικῶς σφισι χρήσασθαι καὶ μετρίως.
[5] However, it was not necessary to reduce this place by a siege and great effort; for the Crustumerians, having become aware both of the magnitude of the force that was coming against them and of their own weakness, since no aid came to them from the rest of the Latins, opened their gates; and the oldest and most honoured of the citizens, coming out, delivered up the city to Tarquinius, asking only that he treat them with clemency and moderation.
[6] τῷ δὲ κατ᾽ εὐχὴν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐφάνη καὶ παρελθὼν εἰς τὸ τεῖχος ἀπέκτεινε μὲν οὐδένα Κρουστομερίνων, ὀλίγους δὲ πάνυ τοὺς αἰτίους τῆς ἀποστάσεως φυγαῖς ἀιδίοις ἐζημίωσε, τοῖς δ᾽ ἄλλοις ἅπασι τὰ σφέτερα συνεχώρησεν ἔχειν καὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων πολιτείας μετέχειν ὡς πρότερον, τοῦ δὲ μηδὲν ἔτι παρακινῆσαι χάριν ἐποίκους αὐτοῖς κατέλιπε Ῥωμαίους.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 489