[1] ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Σαβίνων ἔθνους αὖθις ἕτεροί τινες τῆς Ῥωμαίων οὔπω πεπειραμένοι δυνάμεως, πόλιν οἰκοῦντες εὐδαίμονα καὶ μεγάλην, ἐγκαλεῖν μὲν αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν ἔχοντες, φθονεῖν δὲ ταῖς εὐτυχίαις ἀναγκαζόμενοι μείζοσιν ἢ κατὰ λόγον γινομέναις, ἄνθρωποι δεινοὶ τὰ πολέμια τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπὸ λῃστηρίων καὶ καταδρομῆς ἀγρῶν ὀλίγοι συνελθόντες ἤρξαντο, ἔπειτα δελεαζόμενοι ταῖς ὠφελείαις φανερὰν ποιοῦνται στρατείαν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς καὶ τῆς ὁμόρου πολλὴν λεηλατοῦντες ἐκάκωσαν ἰσχυρῶς.
[42.1] Again, some others of the Sabine nation who had not yet felt the Roman power, the inhabitants of . . ., a great and prosperous city, without having any grounds of complain against the Romans but being driven to envy of their prosperity, which was increasing disproportionately, and being a very warlike people, began at first with brigandage and the raiding of their fields in small bodies, but afterwards, lured by the hope of booty, made war upon them openly and ravaged much of the neighbouring territory, inflicting severe damage.
[2] οὐ μὴν ἐξεγένετό γε αὐτοῖς οὔτε τὰς ὠφελείας ἀπἄγειν οὔτ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἀθώοις ἀπελθεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐκβοηθήσας κατὰ σπουδὴν ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς καὶ πλησίον τῆς ἐκείνων παρεμβολῆς θέμενος τὸν χάρακα προελθεῖν
[2] But they were not permitted either to carry off their booty or themselves to retire unscathed, for the Roman king, hastening to the rescue, pitched his camp near theirs and forced them to come to an engagement.
[3] αὐτοὺς ἠνάγκασεν εἰς μάχην. ἐγένετο μὲν οὖν μέγας ἀγὼν καὶ πολλοὶ παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπεσον, ἐκράτησαν δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι κατὰ τὸ ἔμπειρόν τε καὶ φιλόπονον, ὧν [p. 357] ἐθάδες ἦσαν ἐκ πλείστου, καὶ περιεγένοντο παρὰ πολὺ τῶν Σαβίνων τοῖς τε φεύγουσιν αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα σποράσι καὶ ἀσυντάκτοις ἐκποδὸς ἑπόμενοι πολὺν ἐποίουν φόνον.
[3] A great battle, therefore, was fought and many fell on both sides, but the Romans won by reason of their skill and their endurance of toil, virtues to which they had been long accustomed, and they proved far superior to the Sabines; and pursuing them closely as they fled, dispersed and in disorder, toward their camp, they wrought great slaughter.
[4] κρατήσαντες δὲ καὶ τῆς παρεμβολῆς αὐτῶν παντοδαπῶν χρημάτων γεμούσης καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους, οὓς ἔλαβον οἱ Σαβῖνοι κατὰ τὰς προνομάς, ἀπολαβόντες ἀπῄεσαν ἐπ᾽ οἴκου. αἱ μὲν δὴ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις τοῦδε τοῦ βασιλέως αἱ μνήμης καὶ λόγου παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις τυγχάνουσαι τοιαίδε τινὲς λέγονται γενέσθαι: πολιτικαὶ δὲ ἃς ἔρχομαι λέξων.
[4] Then, having also captured their camp, which was full of all sorts of valuables, and recovered the captives the Sabines had taken in their raids, they returned home. These in brief are the military exploits of this king that have been remembered and recorded by the Romans. I shall now mention the achievements of his civil administration.
[1] πρῶτον μὲν τῇ πόλει μοῖραν οὐ μικρὰν προσέθηκεν τειχίσας τὸν λεγόμενον Ἀουεντῖνον: ἔστι δὲ λόφος ὑψηλὸς ἐπιεικῶς ὀκτωκαίδεκά που σταδίων τὴν περίμετρον, ὃς τότε μὲν ὕλης παντοδαπῆς μεστὸς ἦν, πλείστης δὲ καὶ καλλίστης δάφνης, ἐφ᾽ ἧς Λαυρῆτον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καλεῖται τόπος τις ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ: νῦν δὲ οἰκιῶν ἐστι πλήρης ἅπας, ἔνθα σὺν πολλοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν ἵδρυται, εἴργεται δὲ ἀφ᾽ ἑτέρου τῶν συμπεριεχομένων τῇ Ῥώμῃ λόφων τοῦ καλουμένου Παλλαντίου, περὶ ὃν ἡ πρώτη κατασκευασθεῖσα πόλις ἱδρύθη, βαθείᾳ καὶ στενῇ φάραγγι. ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἐχώσθη πᾶς ὁ μεταξὺ τῶν λόφων αὐλών.
[43.1] In the first place, he made no small addition to the city by enclosing the hill called the Aventine within its walls. This is a hill of moderate height and about eighteen stades in circumference, which was then covered with trees of every kind, particularly with many beautiful laurels, so that one place on the hill is called Lauretum or “Laurel Grove” by the Romans; but the whole is now covered with buildings, including, among many others, the temple of Diana. The Aventine is separated from another of the hills that are included within the city of Rome, called the Palatine Hill (round which was built the first city to be established), by a deep and narrow ravine, but in after times the whole hollow between the two hills was filled up.
[2] τοῦτον δὴ τὸν λόφον ἐπιτείχισμα κατὰ τῆς πόλεως ὁρῶν ἐσόμενον, εἴ [p. 358] τις αὐτῇ ἐπίοι στρατὸς τείχει καὶ τάφρῳ περιέλαβε καὶ τοὺς μεταχθέντας ἐκ Τελλήνης τε καὶ Πολιτωρίου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων ὅσων ἐκράτησεν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χωρίῳ καθίδρυσεν. ἓν μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τὸ πολίτευμα τοῦ βασιλέως παραδίδοται καλὸν ἅμα καὶ πραγματικόν, ἐξ οὗ μείζονά τε συνέβη γενέσθαι τὴν πόλιν ἑτέρας προσθέσει πόλεως καὶ πολλῇ χειρὶ πολεμίων ἐπιστρατευσάντων ἧττον εὔληπτον:
[2] Marcius, observing that this hill would serve as a stronghold against the city for any army that approached, encompassed it with a wall and ditch and settled here the populations that he had transferred from Tellenae and Politorium and the other cities he had taken. This is one peace-time achievement recorded of this king that was at once splendid and practical; thereby the city was not only enlarged by the addition of another city but also rendered less vulnerable to the attack of a strong enemy force.
[1] ἕτερον δέ τι τοῦ προειρημένου πολιτεύματος κρεῖττον, ὃ καὶ τοῖς κατὰ τὸν βίον ἅπασιν εὐδαιμονεστέραν αὐτὴν ἐποίησε καὶ πραγμάτων ἐπῆρεν ἅψασθαι γενναιοτέρων. τοῦ γὰρ Τεβέριος ποταμοῦ καταβαίνοντος μὲν ἐκ τῶν Ἀπεννίνων ὀρῶν, παρ᾽ αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν Ῥώμην ῥέοντος, ἐμβάλλοντος δ᾽ εἰς αἰγιαλοὺς ἀλιμένους καὶ προσεχεῖς, οὓς τὸ Τυρρηνικὸν ποιεῖ πέλαγος, μικρὰ δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἄξια λόγου τὴν Ῥώμην ὠφελοῦντος διὰ τὸ μηθὲν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς ἔχειν φρούριον, ὃ τὰς εἰσκομιζομένας διὰ θαλάττης καὶ καταγομένας ἄνωθεν ἀγορὰς ὑποδέξεταί τε καὶ ἀμείψεται τοῖς ἐμπορευομένοις, ἱκανοῦ δὲ ὄντος ἄχρι μὲν τῶν πηγῶν ποταμηγοῖς σκάφεσιν εὐμεγέθεσιν ἀναπλεῖσθαι, πρὸς αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν Ῥώμην καὶ θαλαττίαις ὁλκάσι μεγάλαις, ἐπίνειον ἔγνω κατασκευά�
�ειν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς αὐτοῦ λιμένι χρησάμενος αὐτῷ τῷ στόματι τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
[44.1] Another peace-time achievement was of even greater consequence than the one just mentioned, as it made the city richer in all the conveniences of life and encouraged it to embark upon nobler undertakings. The river Tiber, descending from the Apennine mountains and flowing close by Rome, discharges itself upon harbourless and exposed shores made by the Tyrrhenian Sea; but this river was of small and negligible advantage to Rome because of having at its mouth no trading post where the commodities brought in by sea and down the river from the country above could be received and exchanged with the merchants. But as it is navigable quite up to its source for river boats of considerable seize and as far as Rome itself for sea-going ships of great burden, he resolved to build a seaport at its outlet, making use of the river’s mouth itself for a harbour.
[2] εὐρύνεταί τε γὰρ ἐπιπολὺ τῇ θαλάττῃ συνάπτων καὶ κόλπους λαμβάνει [p. 359] μεγάλους, οἵους οἱ κράτιστοι τῶν θαλαττίων λιμένων: ὃ δὲ μάλιστα θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις, οὐκ ἀποκλείεται τοῦ στόματος ὑπὸ τῆς θαλαττίας θινὸς ἐμφραττόμενος, ὃ πάσχουσι πολλοὶ καὶ τῶν μεγάλων ποταμῶν, οὐδ᾽ εἰς ἕλη καὶ τέλματα πλανώμενος ἄλλοτε ἄλλῃ προκαταναλίσκεται πρὶν ἢ τῇ θαλάττῃ συνάψαι τὸ ῥεῖθρον, ἀλλὰ ναυσιπέρατός ἐστιν ἀεὶ καὶ δι᾽ ἑνὸς ἐκδίδωσι τοῦ γνησίου στόματος ἀνακόπτων τὰς πελαγίους ῥαχίας τῆς θαλάττης, καίτοι πολὺς αὐτόθι γίνεται καὶ χαλεπὸς ὁ πνέων ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἄνεμος.
[2] For the Tiber broadens greatly where it unites with the sea and forms great bays equal to those of the best seaports; and, most wonderful of all, its mouth is not blocked by sandbanks piled up by the sea, as happens in the case of many even of the large rivers, nor does it by wandering this way and that through fens and marshes spend itself before its stream unites with the sea, but it is everywhere navigable and discharges itself through its one genuine mouth, repelling the surge that comes from the main, notwithstanding the frequency and violence of the west wind on that coast.
[3] αἱ μὲν οὖν ἐπίκωποι νῆες ὁπηλίκαι ποτ᾽ ἂν οὖσαι τύχωσι καὶ τῶν ὁλκάδων αἱ μέχρι τρισχιλιοφόρων εἰσάγουσί τε διὰ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ μέχρι τῆς Ῥώμης εἰρεσίᾳ καὶ ῥύμασι παρελκόμεναι κομίζονται, αἱ δὲ μείζους πρὸ τοῦ στόματος ἐπ᾽ ἀγκυρῶν σαλεύουσαι ταῖς ποταμηγοῖς ἀπογεμίζονταί τε καὶ ἀντιφορτίζονται σκάφαις.
[3] Accordingly, oared ships however large and merchantmen up to three thousand bushels burden enter at the mouth of the river and are rowed and towed up to Rome, while those of a larger size ride at anchor off the mouth, where they are unloaded and loaded again by river boats.
[4] ἐν δὲ τῷ μεταξὺ τοῦ τε ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς θαλάττης ἀγκῶνι πόλιν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐντειχίσας, ἣν ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος Ὠστίαν ὠνόμασεν, ὡς δ᾽ ἂν ἡμεῖς εἴποιμεν θύραν, οὐ μόνον ἠπειρῶτιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ θαλαττίαν παρεσκεύασε τὴν Ῥώμην γενέσθαι καὶ τῶν διαποντίων ἀγαθῶν ἔγευσεν.
[4] Upon the elbow of land that lies between the river and the sea the king built a city and surrounded it with a wall, naming it from its situation Ostia, or, as we should call it, thyra or “portal”; and by this means he made Rome not only an inland city but also a seaport, and gave it a taste of the good things from beyond the sea.
[1] ἐτείχισε δὲ καὶ τὸ καλούμενον Ἰανίκολον ὄρος ὑψηλὸν ἐπέκεινα τοῦ Τεβέριος ποταμοῦ κείμενον καὶ φρουρὰν ἱκανὴν ἐν αὐτῷ κατέστησεν ἀσφαλείας ἕνεκα τῶν διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ πλεόντων: [p. 360] ἐλῄστευον γὰρ οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ τοὺς ἐμπόρους ἅπασαν κατέχοντες τὴν ἐπέκεινα τοῦ ποταμοῦ χώραν:
[45.1] He also built a wall round the high hill called the Janiculum, situated on the other side of the river Tiber, and stationed there an adequate garrison for the security of those who navigated the river; for the Tyrrhenians, being masters of all the country on the other side of the river, had been plundering the merchants.
[2] καὶ τὴν ξυλίνην γέφυραν, ἣν ἄνευ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου δεδέσθαι θέμις ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν διακρατουμένην τῶν ξυλίνων, ἐκεῖνος ἐπιθεῖναι τῷ Τεβέρει λέγεται, ἣν ἄχρι τοῦ παρόντος διαφυλάττουσιν ἱερὰν εἶναι νομίζοντες. εἰ δέ τι πονήσειεν αὐτῆς μέρος οἱ ἱεροφάνται θεραπεύουσι θυσίας τινὰς ἐπιτελοῦντες ἅμα τῇ κατασκευῇ
[2] He also is said to have built the wooden bridge over the Tiber, which was required to be constructed without brass or iron, being held together by its beams alone. This bridge they preserve to the present day, looking upon it as sacred; and if any part of it gives out the pontiffs attend to it, offering certain traditional sacrifices while it is being repaired.
[3] πατρίους. ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ἐπὶ τῆς ἰδίας ἀρχῆς ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος ἱστορίας ἄξια καὶ τὴν Ῥώμην οὐκ ὀλίγῳ κρείττονα παραδοὺς τοῖς ἐπιγινομένοις ἧς αὐτὸς παρέλαβεν, ἔτη τέτταρα πρὸς τοῖς εἴκοσι τὴν βασιλείαν κατασχὼν ἀποθνήσκει δύο καταλιπὼν υἱούς, τὸν μὲν ἔτι παῖδα τὴν ἡλικίαν, τὸν δὲ πρεσβύτερον ἀρτίως γενειῶντα.
[3] These are the memorable achievements of this king during his reign, and he handed Rome on to his successors in much better condition than he himself had received it. After reigning twenty-four years he died, leaving two sons, one still a child in years and the elder just growing a beard.
[1] μετὰ δὲ τὸν Ἄγκου Μαρκίου θάνατον ἡ βουλὴ πάλιν ἐπιτρέψαντος αὐτῇ τοῦ δήμου πολιτείαν ἣν ἐβούλετο καταστήσασθαι μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἔγνω καὶ ἀποδείκνυσι μεσοβασιλεῖς. οἱ δὲ συναγαγόντες εἰς ἀρχαιρεσίας τὸ πλῆθος αἱροῦνται βασιλέα Λεύκιον Ταρκύνιον. βεβαιωσάντων δὲ καὶ τῶν παρὰ τοῦ δαιμονίου σημείων τὰ κριθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους παραλαμβάνει τὴν βασιλείαν ἐνιαυτῷ δευτέρῳ μάλιστα τῆς μιᾶς καὶ τετταρακοστῆς ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Κλεώνδας Θηβαῖος, ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησιν Ἡνιοχίδου.
[46.1] After the death of Ancus Marcius the senate, being empowered by the people to establish whatever form of government they thought fit, again resolved to abide by the same form and appointed interreges. These, having assembled the people for the election, chosen Lucius Tarquinius as king; and the omens from Heaven having confirmed the decision of the people, Tarquinius took over the sovereignty about the second year of the forty-first Olympiad (the one in which Cleondas, a Theban, gained the prize), Heniochides being archon at Athens.
; [2] γονέων δ᾽ ὁποίων τινῶν οὗτος ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἦν καὶ πατρίδος ἐξ ἧς ἔφυ καὶ δι᾽ [p. 361] ἅς2τινας αἰτίας εἰς Ῥώμην ἀφίκετο καὶ δι᾽ οἵων ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν παρῆλθεν, ὡς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιχωρίοις συγγραφαῖς εὗρον ἐρῶ.
[2] I shall now relate, following the account I have found in the Roman annals, from what sort of ancestors this Tarquinius was sprung, from what country he came, the reasons for his removing to Rome, and by what course of conduct he came to be king.
[3] Κορίνθιός τις ἀνὴρ ὄνομα Δημάρατος ἐκ τῆς Βακχιαδῶν συγγενείας ἐμπορεύεσθαι προελόμενος ἐπέπλευσεν εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν ὁλκάδα τε οἰκείαν ἀνάγων καὶ φόρτον ἴδιον. ἐξεμπολήσας δὲ τὸν φόρτον ἐν ταῖς Τυρρηνῶν πόλεσιν εὐδαιμονούσαις μάλιστα τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ τότε καὶ μεγάλα κέρδη περιβαλόμενος ἐκεῖθεν οὐκέτι εἰς ἄλλους ἐβούλετο κατάγεσθαι λιμένας, ἀλλὰ τὴν αὐτὴν εἰργάζετο συνεχῶς θάλατταν Ἑλληνικόν τε φόρτον εἰς Τυρρηνοὺς κομίζων καὶ Τυρρηνικὸν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα φέρων καὶ γίνεται πάνυ πολλῶν χρημάτων κύριος.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 488