Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [6] This fell out according to his wish, and entering the city, he put none of the Crustumerians to death and punished only a very few, who had been the authors of the revolt, with perpetual banishment, while permitting all the rest to retain their possessions and to enjoy Roman citizenship as before; but, in order to prevent any uprising for the future, he left Roman colonists in their midst.

  [1] τὰ δ᾽ αὐτὰ καὶ Νωμεντανοῖς διανοηθεῖσι τῶν αὐτῶν τυχεῖν ἐξεγένετο. καὶ γὰρ οὗτοι λῃστήρια πέμποντες ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίων ἀγροὺς πολέμιοι κατέστησαν αὐτοῖς ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς ταῖς Λατίνων πεποιθότες συμμαχίαις: στρατεύσαντος δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς Ταρκυνίου καὶ τῆς Λατίνων ἐπικουρίας ὑστεριζούσης οὐχ οἷοί τε ὄντες αὐτοὶ πρὸς τοσαύτην δύναμιν ἀντέχειν, [p. 367] ἱκετηρίας ἀναλαβόντες ἐξῆλθον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ παρέδοσαν ἑαυτούς.

  [50.1] The Nomentans also, having formed the same plans, met with the same fate. For they kept sending bands of robbers to pillage the fields of the Romans and openly became their enemies, relying upon the assistance of the Latins. But when Tarquinius set out against them and the aid from the Latins was too late in arriving, they were unable to resist so great a force by themselves, and coming out of the town with the tokens of suppliants, they surrendered.

  [2] οἱ δὲ τὴν καλουμένην Κολλατίαν κατοικοῦντες ἐπειράθησαν μὲν ἐλθεῖν διὰ μάχης πρὸς τὰς Ῥωμαίων δυνάμεις καὶ προῆλθον ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, ἐν ἁπάσαις δὲ ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς ἐλαττούμενοι καὶ πληγὰς πολλὰς λαμβάνοντες ἠναγκάσθησαν πάλιν εἰς τὸ τεῖχος καταφυγεῖν καὶ διεπέμποντο πρὸς τὰς Λατίνων πόλεις αἰτούμενοι συμμαχίαν. ὡς δὲ βραδύτερα τὰ παρ᾽ ἐκείνων ἦν, καὶ κατὰ πολλὰ μέρη τοῦ τείχους οἱ πολέμιοι τὰς προσβολὰς ἐποιοῦντο, παραδοῦναι τὴν πόλιν ἠναγκάσθησαν σὺν χρόνῳ.

  [2] The inhabitants of the city called Collatia undertook to try the fortune of battle with the Roman forces and for that purpose came out of their city; but being worsted in every engagement and having many of their men wounded, they were again forced to take refuge inside their walls, and they kept sending to the various Latin cities asking for assistance. But as these were too slow about relieving them and the enemy was attacking their walls in many places, they were at length obliged to deliver up their town.

  [3] οὐ μέντοι τῆς αὐτῆς μετριότητος ἔτυχον, ἧς Νωμεντανοί τε καὶ Κρουστομερῖνοι, ἀλλ᾽ ὅπλά τε ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀφείλετο καὶ εἰς χρήματα ἐζημίωσε καὶ φρουρὰν κατέλιπεν ἐν τῇ πόλει τὴν ἱκανὴν ἄρχειν τε αὐτῶν ἔταξε τὴν ἀνυπεύθυνον ἀρχὴν διὰ βίου Ταρκύνιον Ἄρροντα τὸν ἴδιον ἀδελφιδοῦν, ὃς μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ τε πατρὸς Ἄρροντος καὶ τοῦ πάππου Δημαράτου γενόμενος οὔτε τῶν πατρῴων οὔτε τῶν τοῦ πάππου χρημάτων τὴν προσήκουσαν ἐκληρονόμησε μοῖραν καὶ διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν Ἠγέριος ἐπωνομάσθη. τοὺς γὰρ ἀπόρους καὶ πτωχοὺς οὕτως ὀνομάζουσι Ῥωμαῖοι. ἐξ οὗ δὲ παρέλαβε τὴν ἐκείνης τῆς πόλεως ἐπιμέλειαν αὐτός τε Κολλατῖνος ἐπεκλήθη καὶ πάντες οἱ ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου γενόμενοι.

  [3] They did not, however, meet with the same lenient treatment as had the Nomentans and Crustumerians, for the king disarmed them and fined them in a sum of money; and leaving a sufficient garrison in the city, he appointed his own nephew, Tarquinius Arruns, to rule over them with absolute power for life. This man, who had been born after the death both of his father Arruns and of his grandfather Demaratus, had inherited from neither the part of their respective fortunes which otherwise would have fallen to his share and for this reason he was surnamed Egerius or “the Indigent”; for that is the name the Romans give to poor men and beggars. But from the time when he took charge of this city both he himself and all his descendants were given the surname of Collatinus.

  [4] μετὰ δὲ τὴν Κολλατίας παράδοσιν ἐπὶ τὸν καλούμενον Κορνίκολον [p. 368] ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐστράτευσεν: ἦν δὲ κἀκείνη τοῦ Λατίνων ἔθνους ἡ πόλις. λεηλατήσας δὲ τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν κατὰ πολλὴν ἄδειαν οὐδενὸς ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἀμυνομένου πρὸς αὐτὴν στρατεύεται τὴν πόλιν προκαλούμενος τοὺς ἄνδρας εἰς φιλίαν: οὐ βουλομένων δὲ αὐτῶν εἰς διαλλαγὰς ἐλθεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ τείχους τῇ ἐχυρότητι πεποιθότων καὶ συμμαχίας πολλαχόθεν ἥξειν οἰομένων, περὶ πάντα τὸν κύκλον τῆς πόλεως τὴν δύναμιν περιστήσας ἐτειχομάχει.

  [4] After the surrender of Collatia the king marched against the place called Corniculum; this also was a city of the Latin race. And having ravaged their territory in great security, since none offered to defend it, he encamped close by the city itself and invited the inhabitants to enter into a league of friendship. But since they were unwilling to come to terms, but relied on the strength of their walls and expected allies to come from many directions, he invested the city on all sides and assaulted the walls.

  [5] οἱ δὲ Κορνικολανοὶ πολὺν μὲν χρόνον ἀντεῖχον ἀνδρείως ἀπομαχόμενοι καὶ πολλὰς τοῖς προσβαλοῦσι πληγὰς ἔδωκαν, κάμνοντες δὲ τῇ συνεχείᾳ τῶν πόνων καὶ οὐδὲ τὴν αὐτὴν ἔτι γνώμην ἅπαντες φυλάττοντες ῾τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ἐδόκει παραδιδόναι τὴν πόλιν, τοῖς δὲ μέχρι παντὸς ἀντέχειν᾽ δι᾽ αὐτὸ τὸ στασιάζειν μάλιστα καταπονούμενοι κατὰ κράτος ἑάλωσαν.

  [5] The Corniculans resisted long and bravely, inflicting numerous losses upon the besiegers, but becoming worn out with continual labour and no longer being unanimous (for some wished to deliver up the town and others to hold out to the last) and their distress being greatly increased by this very dissension, the town was taken by storm.

  [6] τὸ μὲν οὖν κράτιστον αὐτῶν μέρος ἐν τῇ καταλήψει τῆς πόλεως μαχόμενον διεφθάρη, τὸ δὲ ἀγεννὲς καὶ διὰ τοῦτο σωθὲν ἐν ἀνδραπόδων ἐπράθη λόγῳ γυναιξὶν ὁμοῦ καὶ τέκνοις, ἡ δὲ πόλις αὐτῶν διαρπασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῶν κεκρατηκότων ἐνεπρήσθη.

  [6] The bravest part of the people were slain fighting during the capture of the town, while the craven, who owed their preservation to their cowardice, were sold for slaves together with their wives and children; and the city was plundered by the conquerors and burned.

  [7] ἐφ᾽ οἷς οἱ Λατῖνοι χαλεπῶς φέροντες ἐψηφίσαντο κοινῇ στρατιὰν ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους ἐξαγαγεῖν καὶ παρασκευασάμενοι πολλὴν δύναμιν εἰς τὴν κρατίστην χώραν αὐτῶν ἐνέβαλον, ἐξ ἧς αἰχμαλώτους
τε πολλοὺς ἀπήγαγον καὶ λείας ἐγένοντο μεγάλης κύριοι. βασιλεὺς δὲ Ταρκύνιος ἐξῆλθε [p. 369] μὲν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς τὴν εὔζωνόν τε καὶ ἐν ἑτοίμῳ δύναμιν ἐπαγόμενος, οὐκέτι δὲ καταλαβεῖν αὐτοὺς φθάσας εἰς τὴν ἐκείνων χώραν ἐνέβαλε καὶ τὰ ὅμοια διέθηκε.

  [7] The Latins, resenting this proceeding, voted to lead a joint army against the Romans; and having raised a numerous force, they made an irruption into the most fruitful part of their country, carrying off thence many captives and possessing themselves of much booty. King Tarquinius marched out against them with his light troops who were ready for action, but too late to overtake them, he invaded their country and treated it in similar fashion.

  [8] τοιαῦτα συνέβαινε πολλὰ παραλλὰξ ἑκατέροις ἐπὶ τὰς ὁμόρους χώρας ἐκστρατευομένοις ἐλαττώματά τε καὶ πλεονεκτήματα, μία δὲ αὐτῶν ἐκ παρατάξεως ἐγένετο μάχη Φιδήνης πόλεως πλησίον ἁπάσαις συμβαλόντων ταῖς δυνάμεσιν, ἐν ᾗ πολλοὶ μὲν ἔπεσον ἀμφοτέρων, ἐνίκησαν δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ τοὺς Λατίνους ἠνάγκασαν λιπόντας τὸν χάρακα νύκτωρ εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν πόλεις ἀπελθεῖν.

  [8] Many other such reverses and successes happened alternately to each side in the expeditions they made against one another’s borders; and they fought one pitched battle with all their forces near the city of Fidenae, in which many fell on both sides though the Romans gained the victory and forced the Latins to abandon their camp by night and retire to their own cities.

  [1] μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα τοῦτον ἔχων συντεταγμένην τὴν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν ἐχώρει λόγους προφέρων περὶ φιλίας. οἱ δ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ἐν τῷ κοινῷ συνεστῶσαν ἔχοντες δύναμιν οὔτε ταῖς ἰδίαις παρασκευαῖς πεποιθότες ἐδέχοντο τὰς προκλήσεις, καὶ παρεδίδοσαν αὐτῶν τινες τὰς πόλεις ὁρῶντες, ὅτι ταῖς μὲν ἁλούσαις κατὰ κράτος ἀνδραποδισμοί τε ἠκολούθουν καὶ κατασκαφαί, ταῖς δὲ προσχωρούσαις καθ᾽ ὁμολογίας τὸ πειθαρχεῖν τοῖς κεκρατηκόσι μόνον, ἄλλο δὲ ἀνήκεστον οὐδέν.

  [51.1] After this engagement Tarquinius led his army in good order to their cities, making offers of friendship; and the Latins, since they had no national army assembled and no confidence in their own preparations, accepted his proposals. And some of them proceeded to surrender their cities, observing that in the case of the cities which were taken by storm the inhabitants were made slaves and the cities razed, while those which surrendered by capitulation were treated with no other severity than to be obliged to yield obedience to the conquerors.

  [2] πρῶτον μὲν οὖν Φικόλνεοι προσέθεντο αὐτῷ πόλις ἀξιόλογος ἐπὶ συγκειμένοις τισὶ δικαίοις, ἔπειτα Καμαρῖνοι, αἷς ἠκολούθησαν ἄλλαι τινὲς πολίχναι μικραὶ καὶ

  [2] First, then, Ficulea, a city of note, submitted to him upon fair terms, then Cameria; and their example was followed by some small towns and strong fortresses.

  [3] φρούρια ἐχυρά. ἐφ᾽ οἷς ταραχθέντες οἱ λοιποὶ Λατῖνοι καὶ δείσαντες μὴ πᾶν ὑφ᾽ ἑαυτῷ ποιήσηται τὸ [p. 370] ἔθνος εἰς τὴν ἐν Φερεντίνῳ συνελθόντες ἀγορὰν ἐψηφίσαντο τήν τε οἰκείαν δύναμιν ἐξ ἁπάσης πόλεως ἐξάγειν καὶ τῶν πλησιοχώρων ἐθνῶν τὰ κράτιστα παρακαλεῖν, καὶ διεπρεσβεύοντο πρὸς Τυρρηνούς τε καὶ

  [3] But the rest of the Latins, becoming alarmed at this and fearing that he would subjugate the whole nation, met together in their assembly at Ferentinum and voted, not only to lead out their own forces from every city, but also to call the strongest of the neighbouring peoples to their aid; and to that end they sent ambassadors to the Tyrrhenians and Sabines to ask for assistance.

  [4] Σαβίνους αἰτούμενοι συμμαχίαν. Σαβῖνοι μὲν οὖν ὑπέσχοντο αὐτοῖς, ἐπειδὰν ἐκείνους ἐμβεβληκότας εἰς τὴν Ῥωμαίων γῆν ἀκούσωσιν, ἀναλαβόντες καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ ὅπλα τὴν πλησίον αὐτῶν χώραν λεηλατήσειν: Τυρρηνοὶ δὲ συμμαχίαν ἀποστελεῖν ὡμολόγησαν, ἧς ἂν αὐτοὶ δεηθῶσιν, οὐχ ἅπαντες ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς γενόμενοι γνώμης, ἀλλὰ πέντε πόλεις μόναι Κλουσῖνοί τε καὶ Ἀρρητῖνοι καὶ Οὐολατερρανοὶ Ῥουσιλανοί τε καὶ ἔτι πρὸς τούτοις Οὐετυλωνιᾶται.

  [4] The Sabines promised that as soon as they should hear that the Latins had invaded the territory of the Romans they too would take up arms and ravage that part of their territory which lay next to them; and the Tyrrhenians engaged to send to their assistance whatever forces they themselves should not need, though not all were of the same mind, but only five cities, namely, Clusium, Arretium, Volaterrae, Rusellae, and, in addition to these, Vetulonia.

  [1] ταύταις ἐπαρθέντες ταῖς ἐλπίσιν οἱ Λατῖνοι παρασκευασάμενοι δύναμιν οἰκείαν συχνὴν καὶ τὴν παρὰ Τυρρηνῶν προσλαβόντες εἰς τὴν Ῥωμαίων γῆν ἐνέβαλον, καὶ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ἐκ τοῦ Σαβίνων ἔθνους αἱ τοῦ πολέμου κοινωνήσειν αὐτοῖς ὑποσχόμεναι πόλεις τὴν προσόμουρον κυροῦσαν αὐταῖς χώραν ἐδῄουν. ὁ δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς παρασκευασάμενος καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ χρόνῳ πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθὴν δύναμιν ἐξῆγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους διὰ

  [52.1] The Latins, elated by these hopes, got ready a large army of their own forces and having added to it the troops from the Tyrrhenians, invaded the Roman territory; and at the same time the cities of the Sabine nation which had promise to take part with them in the war proceeded to lay waste the country that bordered their own. Thereupon the Roman king, who in the meantime had also got ready a large and excellent army, marched in haste against the enemy.

  [2] ταχέων. Σαβίνοις μὲν οὖν ἅμα καὶ Λατίνοις πολεμεῖν καὶ διαιρεῖν εἰς δύο μέρη τὴν δύναμιν οὐκ ἀσφαλὲς [p. 371] ὑπέλαβεν εἶναι, ἅπασαν δὲ τὴν στρατιὰν ἐπὶ Λατίνους ἄγειν ἐβουλεύσατο καὶ τίθεται πλησίον αὐτῶν τὸν χάρακα. κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὖν ὀκνηρῶς εἶχον ἑκάτεροι πάσαις ἀποκινδυνεῦσαι ταῖς δυνάμεσι δεδιότες τὰς ἀλλήλων παρασκευάς, ἀκροβολισμοὺς δὲ κατιόντες ἐκ τῶν ἐρυμάτων οἱ ψιλοὶ παρ᾽ ἑκατέρων συνεχεῖς ἐποιοῦντο καὶ ἦσαν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ἰσόμαχοι:

  [2] But thinking it unsafe to attack the Sabines and the Latins at the same time and to divide his forces into two bodies, he determined to lead his whole army against the Latins, and encamped near them. At first both sides were reluctant to hazard an engagement with all their forces, being alarmed at ea
ch other’s preparations; but the light-armed troops, coming down from their entrenchments, engaged in constant skirmishes with one another, generally without any advantage on either side.

  [3] χρόνῳ δ᾽ ὕστερον ἐμπεσούσης ἀμφοτέροις ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ἁψιμαχιῶν φιλονεικίας ἐπιβοηθοῦντες ἑκάτεροι τοῖς σφετέροις, ὀλίγοι μὲν τὸ πρῶτον, ἔπειτα σύμπαντες ἠναγκάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν στρατοπέδων προελθεῖν. καὶ καταστάντες εἰς μάχην ἄνδρες οὔτε πολεμικῶν ἀγώνων ἀτριβεῖς οὔτε πλήθει πολὺ ἀποδέοντες ἀλλήλων πεζοί τε καὶ ἱππεῖς προθυμίᾳ τε ὡρμημένοι πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ὁμοίᾳ καὶ κινδύνων τὸν ἔσχατον ἀναρριπτεῖν νομίσαντες ἠγωνίσαντο μὲν ἀμφότεροι λόγου ἀξίως, διεκρίθησαν δὲ ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων ἰσόμαχοι νυκτὸς ἐπιλαβούσης.

  [3] After a time, however, these skirmishes produced a spirit of rivalry in both armies and each side supported its own men, at first in small numbers, but at last they were all forced to come out of their camps. The troops which now engaged, being used to fighting and being nearly equal in numbers, both foot and horse, animated by the same warlike ardour, and believing that they were running the supreme risk, fought on both sides with noteworthy bravery; and they separated, without a decision, when night overtook them.