Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [5] μαντεύομαι δὲ καλοῖς ἐγχειρήμασιν εὐτυχὲς ἀκολουθήσειν τέλος. εἴη δὲ τούτοις ἅπασι ταὐτὸ λαβοῦσι θάρσος καὶ μιᾷ γνώμῃ χρησαμένοις, σώζειν θ᾽ ἡμᾶς καὶ σώζεσθαι ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν.

  [5] And I predict that our glorious endeavours will be crowned with success. May all here present, emboldened by the same confidence and united in the same sentiments, both preserve us and be preserved by us!”

  [1] τοιαῦτα τοῦ Βρούτου δημηγοροῦντος ἀναβοήσεις τε συνεχεῖς ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστῳ τῶν λεγομένων ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους ἐγίνοντο διασημαίνουσαι τὸ βουλόμενόν [p. 134] τε καὶ ἐπικελευόμενον, τοῖς δὲ πλείοσιν αὐτῶν καὶ δάκρυα ὑφ᾽ ἡδονῆς ἔρρει θαυμαστῶν καὶ ἀπροσδοκήτων ἀκούουσι λόγων: πάθη τε ποικίλα τὴν ἑκάστου ψυχὴν κατελάμβανεν οὐδὲν ἀλλήλοις ἐοικότα: λύπαι τε γὰρ ἡδοναῖς ἐκέκραντο, αἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς προγεγονόσι δεινοῖς, αἱ δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῖς προσδοκωμένοις ἀγαθοῖς, καὶ θυμοὶ συνεξέπιπτον φόβοις, οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τῷ κακῶς δράσαι τὰ μισούμενα τῆς ἀσφαλείας ὑπερορᾶν ἐπαίροντες, οἱ δὲ κατὰ λογισμὸν τοῦ μὴ ῥᾳδίαν εἶναι τὴν καθαίρεσιν τῆς τυραννίδος ὄκνον ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς ἐπιφέροντες.

  [84.1] While Brutus was thus addressing the people everything he said was received by them with continual acclamations signifying both their approval and their encouragement. Most of them even wept with pleasure at hearing these wonderful and unexpected words, and various emotions, in no wise resembling one another, affected the mind of each of his hearers. For pain was mingled with pleasure, the former arising from the terrible experiences that were past and the latter from the blessings that were anticipated; and anger went hand in hand with fear, the former encouraging them to despise their own safety in order to injure the objects of their hatred, while the latter, occasioned by the thought of the difficulty of overthrowing the tyranny, inspired them with reluctance toward the enterprise.

  [2] ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἐπαύσατο λέγων, ὥσπερ ἐξ ἑνὸς στόματος ἅπαντες τὴν αὐτὴν φωνὴν ἀνέκραγον ἄγειν σφᾶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα. καὶ ὁ Βροῦτος ἡσθείς, Ἐάν γε πρότερον, ἔφη, τὰ δόξαντα τῷ συνεδρίῳ μαθόντες ἐπικυρώσητε τὸ δοχθέν. δέδοκται γὰρ ἡμῖν φεύγειν Ταρκυνίους πόλιν τε τὴν Ῥωμαίων καὶ χώραν, ὅσης ἄρχουσι Ῥωμαῖοι, καὶ γένος τὸ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἅπαν: καὶ μηδενὶ ἐξεῖναι περὶ καθόδου Ταρκυνίων μήτε πράττειν μηδὲν μήτε λέγειν, ἐὰν δέ τις παρὰ ταῦτα ποιῶν εὑρίσκηται τεθνάναι.

  [2] But when he had done speaking, they all cried out, as from a single mouth, to lead them to arms. Then Brutus, pleased at this, said: “On this condition, that you first hear the resolution of the senate and confirm it. For we have resolved that the Tarquinii and all their posterity shall be banished both from the city of Rome and from all the territory ruled by the Romans; that no one shall be permitted to say or do anything about their restoration; and that if anyone shall be found to be working contrary to these decisions he shall be put to death.

  [3] 25 ταύτην εἰ βουλομένοις ὑμῖν ἐστι τὴν γνώμην εἶναι κυρίαν, διαστάντες κατὰ τὰς φράτρας ψῆφον ἐπενέγκατε, καὶ τοῦθ᾽ ὑμῖν πρῶτον ἀρξάτω τὸ δικαίωμα τῆς ἐλευθερίας. ἐγίνετο ταῦτα: καὶ ἐπειδὴ πᾶσαι τὴν φυγὴν τῶν τυράννων αἱ φρᾶτραι κατεψηφίσαντο, παρελθὼν πάλιν ὁ Βροῦτος λέγει: ἐπειδὴ τὰ πρῶτα [p. 135] ἡμῖν κεκύρωται κατὰ τὸ δέον, ἀκούσατε καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ

  [3] If it is your pleasure that this resolution be confirmed, divide yourselves into your curiae and give your votes; and let the enjoyment of this right be the beginning of your liberty.” This was done; and all the curiae having given their votes for the banishment of the tyrants, Brutus again came forward and said: “Now that our first measures have been confirmed in the manner required, hear also what we have further resolved concerning the form of our government.

  [4] ὅσα βεβουλεύμεθα περὶ τῆς πολιτείας. ἡμῖν σκοπουμένοις, τίς ἀρχὴ γενήσεται τῶν κοινῶν κυρία, βασιλείαν μὲν οὐκέτι καταστήσασθαι δοκεῖ, ἄρχοντας δὲ δύο καθ᾽ ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτὸν ἀποδεικνύναι βασιλικὴν ἕξοντας ἐξουσίαν, οὓς ἂν ὑμεῖς ἐν ἀρχαιρεσίαις ἀποδείξητε ψῆφον ἐπιφέροντες κατὰ λόχους. εἰ δὴ καὶ ταῦτα βουλομένοις ἐστὶν ὑμῖν, ἐπιψηφίσατε. ἐπῄνει καὶ ταύτην τὴν γνώμην ὁ δῆμος, καὶ ψῆφος οὐδεμία ἐγένετο ἐναντία.

  [4] It was our decision, upon considering what magistracy should be in control of affairs, not to establish the kingship again, but to appoint two annual magistrates to hold the royal power, these men to be whomever you yourselves shall choose in the comitia, voting by centuries. If, therefore, this also is your pleasure, give your votes to that effect.” The people approved of this resolution likewise, not a single vote being given against it.

  [5] μετὰ τοῦτο παρελθὼν ὁ Βροῦτος ἀποδείκνυσι μεσοβασιλέα τὸν ἐπιμελησόμενον τῶν ἀρχαιρεσιῶν κατὰ τοὺς πατρίους νόμους Σπόριον Λουκρήτιον: κἀκεῖνος ἀπολύσας τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἐκέλευσεν ἅπαντας ἥκειν εἰς τὸ πεδίον, ἔνθα σύνηθες αὐτοῖς ἦν ἀρχαιρεσιάζειν, ἔχοντας τὰ ὅπλα ἐν τάχει. ἀφικομένων δ᾽ αὐτῶν ἄνδρας αἱρεῖται δύο τοὺς πράξοντας ὅσα τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἐξῆν, Βροῦτόν τε καὶ Κολλατῖνον: καὶ ὁ δῆμος καλούμενος κατὰ λόχους ἐπεκύρωσε τοῖς ἀνδράσι τὴν ἀρχήν. καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ πόλιν ἐν τῷ τότε χρόνῳ πραχθέντα τοιαῦτ᾽ ἦν.

  [5] After that, Brutus, coming forward, appointed Spurius Lucretius as interrex to preside over the comitia for the election of magistrates, according to ancestral custom. And he, dismissing the assembly, ordered all the people to go promptly in arms to the field where it was their custom to elect their magistrates. When they were come thither, he chose two men to perform the functions which had belonged to the kings — Brutus and Collatinus; and the people, being called by centuries, confirmed their appointment. Such were the measures taken in the city at that time.

  [1] βασιλεὺς δὲ Ταρκύνιος ὡς ἤκουσε παρὰ τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἀγγέλων, οἷς ἐξεγένετο πρώτοις πρὶν ἢ κλεισθῆναι τὰς πύλας διαδρᾶναι, τοσοῦτο μόνον ἀπαγγελλόντων, ὅτι κατέχει τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Βροῦτος δημαγωγῶν καὶ τοὺς πολίτας ἐπὶ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν παρακαλῶν, οὐδενὶ τῶν ἄλλων φράσας ἠπείγετο τοὺς υἱοὺς ἀναλαβὼν καὶ τῶν ἑταίρων τοὺς πιστοτάτους, [p. 136] ἐλαύνων το�
�ς ἵππους ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος, ὡς φθάσων τὴν ἀπόστασιν. εὑρὼν δὲ κεκλεισμένας τὰς πύλας καὶ μεστὰς ὅπλων τὰς ἐπάλξεις ᾤχετο πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ὡς εἶχε τάχους οἰμώζων καὶ δεινοπαθῶν.

  [85.1] As soon as King Tarquinius heard by the first messengers who had found means to escape from the city before the gates were shut that Brutus was holding the assembled people enthralled, haranguing them and summoning the citizens to liberty, which was all the information they could give him, he took with him his sons and the most trustworthy of his friends, and without communicating his design to any others, rode at full gallop in hopes of forestalling the revolt. But finding the gates shut and the battlements full of armed men, he returned to the camp as speedily as possible, bewailing and complaining of his misfortune.

  [2] ἔτυχε δὲ καὶ τἀκεῖ πράγματα ἤδη διεφθαρμένα. οἱ γὰρ ὕπατοι ταχεῖαν αὐτοῦ τὴν παρουσίαν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν προορώμενοι πέμπουσι γράμματα καθ᾽ ἑτέρας ὁδοὺς πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου παρακαλοῦντες αὐτοὺς ἀποστῆναι τοῦ τυράννου καὶ τὰ δόξαντα τοῖς ἐν ἄστει 26 ποιοῦντες φανερά.

  [2] But his cause there also was now lost. For the consuls, foreseeing that he would quickly come to the city, had sent letters by other roads to those in the camp, in which they exhorted them to revolt from the tyrant and acquainted them with the resolutions passed by those in the city.

  [3] ταῦτα τὰ γράμματα λαβόντες οἱ καταλειφθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ὕπαρχοι Τῖτος Ἑρμίνιος καὶ Μάρκος Ὁράτιος ἀνέγνωσαν ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ: καὶ γνώμας διερωτήσαντες κατὰ λόχους, ὅ τι χρὴ ποιεῖν, ἐπειδὴ πᾶσιν ἐφάνη κύρια ἡγεῖσθαι τὰ κριθέντα ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως, οὐκέτι προσδέχονται παραγενηθέντα τὸν Ταρκύνιον.

  [3] Titus Herminius and Marcus Horatius, who had been left by the king to command in his absence, having received these letters, read them in an assembly of the soldiers; and asking them by their centuries what they thought should be done, when it was their unanimous opinion the regard the decisions reached by those in the city as valid, they no longer would admit Tarquinius when he returned.

  [4] ἀπωσθεὶς δὴ καὶ ταύτης ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς ἐλπίδος φεύγει σὺν ὀλίγοις εἰς Γαβίων πόλιν, ἧς βασιλέα τὸν πρεσβύτερον ἀπέδειξε τῶν υἱῶν Σέξτον, ὡς καὶ πρότερον ἔφην: ἡλικίαν μὲν ἤδη πολιὸς ὤν, ἔτη δὲ πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι τὴν βασιλείαν κατασχών. οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἑρμίνιόν τε καὶ τὸν Ὁράτιον ἀνοχὰς τοῦ πολέμου καταστησάμενοι πρὸς τοὺς Ἀρδεάτας πεντεκαιδεκαετεῖς ἀπήγαγον ἐπ᾽ οἴκου τὰς δυνάμεις. ἡ μὲν δὴ βασιλικὴ πολιτεία διαμείνασα μετὰ τὸν οἰκισμὸν [p. 137] τῆς Ῥώμης ἐτῶν τεττάρων καὶ τετταράκοντα καὶ διακοσίων ἀριθμόν, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ τελευταίου βασιλέως τυραννὶς γενομένη, διὰ ταύτας τὰς προφάσεις καὶ ὑπὸ τούτων κατελύθη τῶν ἀνδρῶν.

  [4] After the king found himself disappointed of this hope also, he fled with a few companions to the city of Gabii, over which, as I said before, he had appointed Sextus, the eldest of his sons, to be king. He was now grown grey with age and had reigned twenty-five years. In the meantime Herminius and Horatius, having made a truce with the Ardeates for fifteen years, led their forces home.

  BOOK V

  [1] ἡ μὲν δὴ βασιλικὴ Ῥωμαίων πολιτεία διαμείνασα μετὰ τὸν οἰκισμὸν τῆς Ῥώμης ἐτῶν τεττάρων καὶ τετταράκοντα καὶ διακοσίων ἀριθμόν, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ τελευταίου βασιλέως τυραννὶς γενομένη διὰ ταύτας τὰς προφάσεις καὶ ὑπὸ τούτων κατελύθη τῶν ἀνδρῶν, ὀλυμπιάδος μὲν ὀγδόης καὶ ἑξηκοστῆς ἐνεστώσης, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Ἰσχόμαχος Κροτωνιάτης, Ἀθήνησι δὲ

  [1.1] The Roman monarchy, therefore, after having continued for the space of two hundred and forty-four years from the founding of Rome and having under the last king become a tyranny, was overthrown for the reasons stated and by the men named, at the beginning of the sixty-eighth Olympiad (the one in which Ischomachus of Croton won the foot-race), Isagoras being the annual archon at Athens.

  [2] τὴν ἐνιαύσιον ἀρχὴν ἔχοντος Ἰσαγόρου. ἀριστοκρατίας δὲ γενομένης οἱ πρῶτοι τὴν βασιλικὴν ἀρχὴν παραλαβόντες ὕπατοι τεττάρων μηνῶν εἰς τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐκεῖνον ἐπιλειπομένων Λεύκιος Ἰούνιος Βροῦτος καὶ Λεύκιος Ταρκύνιος Κολλατῖνος, οὓς καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν διάλεκτον ὥσπερ ἔφην προβούλους, [p. 139] ἑτέρους παραλαβόντες πολλοὺς ἐλθόντων εἰς τὴν πόλιν τῶν ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου μετὰ τὰς σπονδὰς τὰς γενομένας αὐτοῖς πρὸς Ἀρδεάτας, ὀλίγαις ὕστερον ἡμέραις τῆς ἐκβολῆς τοῦ τυράννου συγκαλέσαντες τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν καὶ πολλοὺς ὑπὲρ ὁμονοίας λόγους ποιησάμενοι ψήφισμά τε πάλιν ἐπεκύρωσαν ἕτερον, περὶ ὧν οἱ κατὰ πόλιν ὄντες πρότερον ἐπεψηφίσαντο φυγὴν Ταρκυνίοις ἐπιβαλόντες ἀίδιον:

  [2] An aristocracy being now established, while there still remained about four months to complete that year, Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus were the first consuls invested with the royal power; the Romans, as I have said, call them in their own language consules or “counsellors.” These men, associating with themselves many others, now that the soldiers from the camp had come to the city after the truce they had made with the Ardeates, called an assembly of the people a few days after the expulsion of the tyrant, and having spoken at length upon the advantages of harmony, again caused them to pass another vote confirming everything which those in the city had previously voted when condemning the Tarquinii to perpetual banishment.

  [3] καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο καθαρμοὺς τῆς πόλεως ποιησάμενοι καὶ ὅρκια τεμόντες αὐτοί τε πρῶτοι στάντες ἐπὶ τῶν τομίων ὤμοσαν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους πολίτας ἔπεισαν ὀμόσαι, μὴ κατάξειν ἀπὸ τῆς φυγῆς βασιλέα Ταρκύνιον μήτε τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ μήτε τοὺς ἐξ ἐκείνων γενησομένους, βασιλέα τε τῆς Ῥωμαίων πόλεως μηκέτι καταστήσειν μηθένα μηδὲ τοῖς καθιστάναι βουλομένοις ἐπιτρέψειν. ταῦτα μὲν περὶ ἑαυτῶν τε καὶ τῶν τέκνων καὶ τοῦ μεθ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς γένους ὤμοσαν.

  [3] After this they performed rites of purification for the city and entered into a solemn covenant; and they themselves, standing over the parts of the victims, first swore, and then prevailed upon the rest of the citizens likewise to swear, that they would never restore from exile King Tarquinius or his sons or thei
r posterity, and that they would never again make anyone king of Rome or permit others who wished to do so; and this oath they took not only for themselves, but also for their children and their posterity.

  [4] ἐπειδὴ δὲ πολλῶν καὶ μεγάλων ἀγαθῶν αἴτιοι γεγονέναι τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν ἔδοξαν οἱ βασιλεῖς, φυλάττειν τοὔνομα τῆς ἀρχῆς, ὅσον ἂν ἡ πόλις διαμένῃ χρόνον, βουλόμενοι τοὺς ἱεροφάντας τε καὶ οἰωνομάντεις ἐκέλευσαν ἀποδεῖξαι τὸν ἐπιτηδειότατον τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ὃς οὐδενὸς ἤμελλεν ἕξειν ἑτέρου πλὴν τῶν περὶ τὰ θεῖα σεβασμῶν τὴν προστασίαν, ἁπάσης λειτουργίας πολεμικῆς καὶ πολιτικῆς ἀφειμένος, [p. 140] ἱερῶν καλούμενος βασιλεύς. καὶ καθίσταται πρῶτος ἱερῶν βασιλεὺς Μάνιος Παπίριος ἐκ τῶν πατρικίων ἀνὴρ ἡσυχίας φίλος.

  [4] However, since it appeared that the kings had been the authors of many great advantages to the commonwealth, they desired to preserve the name of that office for as long a time as the city should endure, and accordingly they ordered the pontiffs and augurs to choose from among them the older men the most suitable one for the office, who should have the superintendence of religious observances and of naught else, being exempt from all military and civil duties, and should be called the king of sacred rites. The first person appointed to this office was Manius Papirius, one of the patricians, who was a lover of peace and quiet.